京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第13546号 / 論工博第4209号 / 新制||工||1984(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 竹脇 出, 教授 聲高 裕治, 准教授 張 景耀 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

在台灣人口逐漸老化的情況下，如何延緩勞動者退出就業市場，攸關台灣的社會保險、年金體系及照顧體系之存續，但要勞工能夠延後退休，先決條件是身體健康與否，因此勞工的健康狀況，就不僅僅是個人問題，而是台灣社會面臨的整體危機。主管職業健康的各部門，未能意識到每個政策對於整體勞動生產力，之於經濟發展和社會福利、保險的深遠影響，以致於過度聚焦於對於勞工個人影響的層面，而缺乏思考這些行動背後，對於國家整體的宏觀意義 而在執行工作時中造成肌肉骨骼系統的任何不適、困難或疼痛，更是困擾的許多歐洲的勞工，因此歐盟無不以積極的政策來干預MSD，希望能延長停留在勞動市場的期間，並說明對於雇主、勞工、政府、財政所帶來的幫助。另外透過訪談發現，台灣的物流業從業人員，所處在的工作環境，恰如文獻所提，反覆、負重、工時過長…等，時常有受傷而繼續從事工作的情形，也導致物流業流動率高、從業人員較年輕及容易成為MSD的高風險群。 因此必須從增進MSD的概念、提升勞動條件及減少因病缺勤著手。政府方面則必須建構更完整的MSD數據，並制訂讓MSD勞工留在職場的積極性勞動力市場政策以及廣辦宣導會說明MSD對我國的重要性；雇主的重要性更是不可言喻，不僅扮演第一線的觀察者，快速做出因應措施，並著手改善從業人員勞動條件，並將干預措施予以制度化；勞工則必須透過積極參與有關MSD政策或方案的討論，更重要的是養成並維持良好的生活方式的習慣。 / Taiwan population is rapidly aging. How to persuade workers to delay withdrawing from employment market becomes an urgent challenge because this concern has significant implications to our social insurance, the annuity system and healthcare system. Therefore, the health of workers is not just a personal issue, but a public concern that everyone in this society needs to face. Government officials in charge of healthcare policy are not yet aware of its profound impact on labor productivity, economic development, social welfare and social insurance. Policy wise, we put too much attention on individual health promotion while lose sight of its macro impact. MSD, either caused by work or gene, inflicted many European workers, so that the EU actively deal with this issue with the hope that workers are able to stay longer around the labor market as long as possible. This study finds through the interview that workers of the logistics industry in Taipei endure heavy work-load, long working time, and often time have high rate of presenteeism (the tendency of workers to go to work when they are ill enough to stay at home), causing the logistics industry to have not only high exit rate but also high risk of MSD. Therefore, we have to promote the MSD concept, improve labor conditions and reduce presenteeism. For example employers have to include MSD into their pre-employment training courses for those new entrants, to reduce the hours of working time and to decrease presenteeism through providing subsidy to those who suffer from MSD. The government then has to build up a more complete MSD database, and introduces the concept of MSD and its preventive practice through seminars or workshops. Employers have key roles and duty in this issue. Specifically, they have to adopt as well as carry out preventive measures, and take quick actions whenever incidence of MSD occurs in the frontline of workplace. In addition, they have to improve working conditions and institutionalize those intervention measures. Workers then need to actively participate in MSD policy discussion other than maintaining a healthy life style. Workers, employers, health care system and social welfare system have a cause to this joint effort in keeping workers in Taiwan as healthy as possible so that every nationals can Fit For Work.

專家系統為人工智慧發展的一支，至今已廣泛地應用於各個領域，從自然科學到社會 科學不一而足，但在土地登記的領域則尚未發展。法律條文之訂定為人類經驗與智慧 的累積，法官之裁判亦以邏輯推理為基礎，與專家系統的特性不謀而合，因此法律領 域被認為是非常適合發展專家系統的範疇。由於土地登記的相關法令繁瑣，行政命令 更是不計其數，地政人員流動性大，知識的傳遞及累積相當不易，若建立土地登記諮 詢專家系統將可解決這個問題，並且可提供一般民眾查詢填表，輕易地獲取專家的知 識，改善土地行政效率，提高地政機關服務效能，即方便又有效力。 在系統初期發展階段，擬先選取抵押權登記來發展其系統雛型，研究重點在於系統知 識庫的建立。經由問題的確認、知識的萃取表達、控制策略的探討，最後運用專家系 統骨架EXSYS PROFESSIONAL將知識以規則(IF-THEN) 的形式加以組織表達，並以向後 鍵結的方式控制知識庫的推論方向，建構抵押權登記諮詢專家系統之雛型。並兼探討 專家系統在土地登記領域應用之可行性，期能拓展地政電腦化之研究領域，提供後續 研究者參考。 玆將本研究之內容摘要如下： 1 專家系統在土地登記領域應用可行性之探討。 2 抵押權登記之知識表達方法。 3 抵押權登記諮詢專家系統之推理方法與控制策略。 4 抵押權登記諮詢專家系統雛型之建立。 5 未來發展方向之探討。

本研究旨在針對電子連接器產業進行探索性研究，期能發現占據相當重要關鍵零組件地位的連接器，其產業態勢與競爭條件。本研究固然與傳統的研究方法相同，運用Aaker的策略分析架構進行探討，但亦頗多創新之處，譬如納進Porter的國家競爭力分析模型，討論產業與政府等因素間的相互依賴狀況，又納入司徒達賢的策略矩陣分析構面，討論個案公司與其他同業之間的競爭模型。本研究雖以個案公司為研究對象，但旁及其他競爭性公司共同討論，以了解個案公司的產業定位與遭遇的挑戰。 / This study is exploring the advantage of competition in Connector industry. It adopted Aaker’s model, which designed by strategic method to depict a SWOT to overall analysis of connector industry as well as Case Study Company. The main contribution is to offer a position within industry where has a vital network can help others to sustain the strong power. However, the environment is not as good as past, the trend will bring a move to mainland China, and the new competitors will appear, the Industry ought to encounter more challenge than have been met in Taiwan. This study has some characters involve in the National competitive model and the strategic matrix analysis method from Dr. Seeto. There are many persons were called on to the Case interview, However, only certain firms would be selected as delegation out of this industry.

本文探討《周易》經傳吉凶觀念，不欲陷入「經傳分觀」與「以傳解經」的爭執中，所以對於《易經》與《易傳》的吉凶觀念討論，採取調和方式，也就是運用「經傳分觀」者的優點，回歸《易經》與《易傳》於各處之時代來加以討論各自的吉凶觀念；運用「以傳解經」者的優點，看《易傳》對《易經》的吉凶觀念，是如何的詮釋。並且嘗試整理存在卜辭中「吉凶觀念」的形成初期，到存在於《周易》經、傳中的「吉凶思想」，由此，一方面得以梳理《周易》經、傳間吉凶觀念承續與再現的問題，一方面得以此為基礎，論析《周易》經、傳思想與思想史間的互動關係，就吉凶思想，追尋其形成、轉化的軌跡，或許更能瞭解《周易》所蘊藏的價值內涵，及《周易》思想與其他思想間的授受關係。 職此，筆者之研究，第一章為緒論，即討論《甲骨卜辭與周易經傳吉凶觀念思想研究》之研究動機與目的，接著討論其研究範圍，之中包含時間與材料兩種範圍的討論，繼而回顧前人對於《周易》中，有關「吉凶」觀念方面研究成果，從中得出當前研究概況，最後提出本文的研究方法與研究進路。 第二章首先對《周易》經、傳形成背景中，可能的思想資源作一探溯，透過殷墟甲骨卜辭中的探問，觀察先民對於吉凶觀念有何種認知、運用與作為，及如何從對卜辭中吉凶的解讀，以達趨吉避凶之道。 第三章探討由甲骨卜辭進入到《易經》中，《易經》吉凶觀念的內容為何？又《易經》對甲骨卜辭中的吉凶觀念繼承與發展了哪些？而從卜辭到《易經》卦爻辭這一時期，恰好歷經商末到西周初的歷史大轉變，其中「思想文化的變化」是殷周之際最顯著的變動。因此，當《易經》卦爻辭，經歷殷周之際的思想文化轉變後，對《易經》卦爻辭中的吉凶觀念和天人關係，起了何種影響？《易經》作者們回應時代潮流，表現於卦爻辭中，其吉凶內容與思想與先前的卜辭，有何不同？此皆是本章所要說明的論點。 第四章探討《易傳》對《易經》吉凶觀念的繼承與發展。我們可從《彖傳》與《象傳》對卦義、卦爻辭的解釋看，《周易》已不只是占筮吉凶用的典籍，而且成了依據天道變化，處理生活得失，治理天下國家和進行道德修養的指南。《易傳》對《易經》的吉凶觀念，有往哲理化發展傾向。而這一發展與春秋戰國時期思想文化變動有關。所以，筆者本章首先探討軸心期思想文化有何突破？而此突破對《易傳》的作者們，起了何種影響？而《易傳》作者們回應時代課題下，其吉凶觀念與天人關係為何？而對《易經》的吉凶觀念與天人關係，有什麼繼承與發展之處？《易傳》的人文化發展如何？此皆是本章的討論重點。 第五章為結論。討論本文研究發現與心得、未盡待研究之處。 / The purpose of this paper is to investigate the auspicious concept of “Chou Yi” classics and commentaries; without involving the arguments of “division of scriptures and commentaries” and “scriptures explained by commentaries”, this paper uses a compromised approach to discuss the auspicious concepts “Yi Scriptures” and “Yi Commentaries”. That is to apply the advantages of “division of scriptures and commentaries” to discuss the auspicious concepts, respectively, in the era when “Yi Scriptures” and “Yi Commentaries” originated and apply the advantages of “scriptures explained by commentaries” to observe the auspicious concepts of “Yi Scriptures” interpreted from the standpoint of “Yi Commentaries”. It intends to collect and organize the initial stage of “auspicious concept” contained in inscriptions and the “auspicious thinking” existed in scriptures and commentaries in “Chou Yi”. Thus, this study examines the inherent and recovery issue of auspicious concepts between scriptures and commentaries of “Chou Yi” in order to discuss and analyze the interaction among the thinking and thinking history of “Chou Yi” scriptures and commentaries. In terms of auspicious thinking, this paper intends to explore the course of its formation and transformation so that people may have more understanding of the content of “Chou Yi” and the reciprocal relationship between “Chou Yi” thinking and the other thinking. Based upon the above objectives, the first chapter of this paper is an introduction to discuss the research motive and goals of “Auspicious Concepts of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and ‘Chou Yi’ Confucian Classics and Commentaries” and the research scope, including time and materials. Next, previous research results of “auspicious” concepts in “Chou Yi” are explored to understand the current findings; finally, research method and prospect are presented in the article. In Chapter 2, the background of “Chou Yi” scriptures and commentaries is studied to investigate the possible foundation of thinking; by exploring oracle bone inscriptions from Shang Dynasty, cognition, application and actions concerning ancient people’s auspicious concepts are observed and how they interpret the indication of oracle bones for pursuing auspicious indication and avoiding bad lucks. Chapter 3 investigates the auspicious concepts in “Yi Scriptures” contained in the oracle bone inscriptions. It also examines the inherent auspicious concept and its development from oracle bone inscriptions in “Yi Scriptures”. During the time between inscription to “Yi Scriptures” divination when a historical transition occurred in the end of Shang Dynasty and early West Chou Dynasty, “changes of thinking culture” is the most significant transformation during the era of Shang and Chou. Hence, after the cultural transition in Shang and Chou Dynasties, what effect of “Yi Scriptures” divination due to the auspicious concepts and relationship of heaven and human contained in “Yi Scriptures” divination. In response to changes of time, what difference between the divination content presented by the authors of “Yi Scriptures” and the ancient inscription is the focal point stated in this chapter. Chapter 4 examines the heritage and development of auspicious concept in “Yi Scriptures” from “Yi Commentaries”. From the divination interpretation of “Tuan Commentaries” and “Image Commentaries”, “Chou Yi” is not only an ancient book of divination and also becomes a guideline to deal with life, govern a nation and the world, and to have moral trainings based upon changes of natural revolution. There is philosophical tendency in the development of auspicious concept of “Yi Scriptures” from “Yi Commentaries”. This development is relevant to the cultural and thinking changes during the era of Spring Autumn and Warring States. Hence, this chapter begins with the breakthrough of thinking culture during a core period and what effect of this breakthrough on the authors of “Yi Commentaries”. In response to the issue of times, what is the auspicious concepts and relationship of heaven and human from the authors of “Yi Commentaries”, what do they inherit from “Yi Scriptures” and what are their developments? How is the cultural development of “Yi Commentaries”? These are all the crucial discussions in this chapter. Chapter 5 is the conclusion to discuss research findings, lessons learned and follow-up efforts to be focused for the study.

本文針對甲骨文的文例，運用比較同文例的方法，主要由二方面進行研究：一為通讀一版甲骨所需的基本文例之整理；一為甲骨文書寫法所引起的契刻現象之整理與對特殊現象的討論。 本文以第三章所整理的基本文例為基礎，通過第四章、第五章和第六章，三章的討論，指出甲骨文的特殊契刻例十二種，即誤刻、缺刻、奪文、衍文、補刻、倒文、側書、顛亂、省文、析書、合文及借字例，同時校勘甲骨文本身的刻辭錯誤，並糾正對此學者誤釋之例。 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究動機與目的 第二節 研究方法與範圍 第三節 文獻檢討 第二章 甲骨文形體結構特徵 第一節 字無定格，部件位置不固定 第二節 一字正反書無別 第三節 一字異形，繁簡並存 第四節 形近或義近部件通用 第五節 書寫工具、習慣與字形之關係 第三章 甲骨版面通讀法研究 第一節 刻辭行款類型 壹、一般行款形式 貳、特殊行款形式 第二節 甲骨文內容間的聯繫 壹、卜辭的結構 貳、卜問形式 參、正面卜辭與背面卜辭相承 肆、獸骨相間刻辭 伍、獸骨邊面對應 第三節 一事多卜 壹、同文卜辭 貳、成套卜辭 參、同對卜辭 第四章 甲骨文契刻特殊例（上） 第一節 誤刻例 壹、誤增或誤穿筆劃 貳、受它字的影響而誤刻 參、形近或義近而誤 肆、音近而誤 伍、干支之誤 第二節 缺刻例 壹、個字漏刻 貳、整條卜辭之缺刻 參、缺刻而致誤字、誤釋之例 肆、缺刻字比較表 第三節 奪文例 壹、卜辭所見奪文例及說明 貳、奪文之形態 參、奪文之內容 肆、時代別情況 第四節 衍文例 壹、卜辭所見之衍文例 貳、衍文的內容及時代別特徵 第五章 甲骨文契刻特殊例（中） 第一節 補刻例 壹、空間不足，刪字而重刻 貳、適當空間補刻 參、甲骨文補刻原因與補法特點 第二節 倒文例 壹、文字結構之倒 貳、倒語 參、倒行 第三節 側書例 壹、文字側書 貳、數字側書 第四節 顛亂例 壹、補刻而顛亂 貳、部分內容刻於它處而顛亂 參、行款方向轉變而顛亂 肆、不遵守辭序而顛亂 第六章 甲骨文契刻特殊例（下） 第一節 省文例 壹、前辭內容之省略 貳、干支之省略 參、身分、人名、稱謂等之省略 第二節 析書例 壹、析書的主要偏旁 貳、析書者的主要類別與形式 參、析書而致誤者 第三節 合文例 壹、合文類別 貳、合文結合方式 參、甲骨文合文與金文、戰國文字合文異同 第四節 借字例 壹、一字兩用 貳、重文符號的運用 第七章 結論 參考書目 引用著錄簡稱表 附錄：特殊契刻例表 / In order to develop an understanding of lines of characters in oracle bone inscriptions, using a comparison of similar lines of characters, this thesis has two major aims. The first is to develop an understanding of the basic understanding of the lines of characters on an individual bone. The second is to organize and study the phenomena of the transition between the initial written characters and their subsequent carved versions. Chapter Three provides a fundamental organization of the basic lines. Then, following the discussions of Chapters Four Five and Six, there are presented twelve characteristics to analyze the carved characters: Wu ke(wrong words), Que ke(missing carving), Duo wen(incomplete words), Yan wen(repeated words), Bu ke(supplementary carving), Dao wen(upside down characters), Ce shu(sideways characters), Dian luan(confused), Sheng wen(omitted characters), Xishu(divided characters), He wen(combined characters), Jie zi(loan words). From this overall analysis, it is possible to correct mistaken carvings and mistaken readings of previous scholars.

University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22063号 / 工博第4644号 / 新制||工||1724(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 竹脇 出, 教授 大崎 純, 准教授 聲高 裕治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12776号 / 論工博第4097号 / 新制||工||1582(附属図書館) / 30759 / (主査)教授 中島 正愛, 教授 川瀬 博, 教授 竹脇 出 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM