Poptimism is a school of contemporary popular music criticism characterized by its rejection of the notion of the “guilty pleasure” and traditions within rock journalism called “rockism.” Through an examination of poptimist writing, particularly Carl Wilson’s “Céline project” (which resulted in a book, Céline Dion’s Let’s Talk About Love: A Journey to the End of Taste) and material on musician Stephin Merritt’s comments at the Experience Music Project Pop Conference in 2006, trends emerge: efforts at combating elitism and promoting populism are belied by practices associated with high levels of cultural capital. These tendencies are examined from three angles. First, following Johan Fornäs, poptimist attitudes toward authenticity and reflexivity are considered. In their treatment of musical texts, poptimists reject rockist notions of authenticity while failing to account for consumers’ need for genuineness. Their grasp of reflexivity is greater when it comes to reception; Wilson’s project, an exercise in self-scrutiny for elitist bias via an attempt to appreciate the music of Céline Dion, shows the significance of reflexivity for poptimism. Second, poptimists’ approach to identity and difference is considered. Commentary on Merritt, who was accused of racism due to his admitted dislike of certain African-American artists and genres, is typical: oversimplified models of hegemony undermine deep concern about identity politics. Poptimists’ advocacy of omnivorous consumption as an anti-elitist strategy is flawed: using intellectual approaches and spurning the middlebrow are practices associated with high cultural capital. This strategy seems to lead to co-optation rather than real change. Third, poptimism’s relationship to value and emotion is analyzed. Poptimists have doubts about value judgments given traditional aesthetics’ hierarchical baggage, yet value judgments are critics’ raison d’être. Poptimism’s rejection of guilty pleasure and Wilson’s “guilty displeasure” concept link aesthetics to affect. Poptimists approach emotion inconsistently, embracing it when convenient but subjecting it to doubt and intellectualization when it seems to support elitism. Like many poptimist strategies, populist ideas motivate this approach, but it emulates hegemonic traditions. / text

Les lacs d'altitude sont soumis à des retombées atmosphériques de polluants organiques persistants (POP) issus pour la plupart des activités humaines malgré leur éloignement des sources d'émissions de ces composés. Si les mécanismes de transport atmosphérique de ces polluants jusqu'aux sites d'altitude sont désormais bien connus (« global distillation » ou « grasshopper effect »), on dispose en revanche de très peu d'informations quant à leur devenir dans ces écosystèmes montagnards. Le travail présenté a pour objectif de déterminer les processus internes au lac influençant le devenir de ces polluants, avec un accent plus particulier sur leurs interactions avec les phases organiques et leur intégration dans les réseaux trophiques. En raison de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques très variables entre congénères (e.g., peu à très hydrophobes), les polychlorobiphényles (PCB) ont été choisi comme modèles de POP.L'étude a été conduite sur deux lacs alpins du Parc National des Ecrins (Isère, France): le lac de la Muzelle (2110 m) et le lac de Plan Vianney (2250 m). Le suivi en 2012 et 2013, à fréquence saisonnière,des concentrations en PCB des composants biologiques, des fractions particulaires et dissoutes et des flux atmosphériques déposés sur les lacs a permis d'évaluer à la fois les variations saisonnières, interannuelles, et entre les lacs, de la contamination de la faune piscicole et de les relier aux intrants atmosphériques et aux processus biogéochimiques lacustres.Nos résultats identifient la fonte du manteau neigeux comme vecteur rapide et important de transfert des PCB atmosphériques aux lacs d'altitude (40% des apports annuels en seulement 2 à 3 semaines). Le bilan de masse révèle aussi que les flux de PCB entrants sont supérieurs aux flux sortants des lacs et met ainsi en évidence leur rôle de puits de PCB atmosphériques. La distribution des PCB entre les phases "particules" et "eau" varie à la fois entre lacs et saisons, révélant une succession d'équilibre et de non-équilibre thermodynamiques. En effet, la couverture de glace en hiver isole les lacs de l'atmosphère et donc des sources de polluants, permettant aux PCB d'atteindre l'équilibre thermodynamique de partition entre les phases particulaire et dissoute. A l'opposé, en périodes d'eaux libres, les paramètres d'influence de l'adsorption des PCB sur la matière particulaire (température, concentration et nature des particules, concentration de PCB) répondent à la variabilité environnementale, empêchant l'atteinte de l'état d'équilibre. Enfin, si la contamination de la faune piscicole varie tant entre lacs qu'entre saisons, l'absence de relation entre concentrations en PCB et divers indicateurs trophiques (composition en isotopes stables du carbone ou biomarqueurs lipidiques) révèle que cette contamination ne dépend ni de l'habitat ni de la variabilité trophique des individus. Au contraire, la contamination de la faune piscicole est liée à la concentration des polluants en phase dissoute. Dans les lacs d'altitude, les POP, même s'ils sont présents à faible concentration, seraient donc essentiellement transférés à la faune piscicole par un phénomène de bioconcentration et non par un mécanisme de bioaccumulation.Nos résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité de mieux connaître l'éco-dynamique des POP, y compris dans les milieux faiblement contaminés. Dans un contexte de changement global pour lequel les intrants dans les écosystèmes d'altitude risquent de varier en intensité ou en temporalité, ces connaissances permettront (i) d'évaluer le rôle futur des lacs comme puits ou sources secondaires de POP pour l'atmosphère et (ii) prévoir l'évolution des niveaux de contamination de la faune piscicole dans les écosystèmes aquatiques éloignés des sources de production. / Altitude lakes undergo atmospheric deposition of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) resulting mainly from human activities despite their distance from emission sources. If the mechanisms driving the atmospheric transport of these pollutants to altitude environment are now fairly known ("global distillation" or "grasshopper effect"), there is still few information about their fate in these mountain ecosystems. This work aims to identify the internal lake processes influencing the fate of POPs, with a particular focus on their interaction with the organic phases and their integration into food webs. Due to their variability of physico-chemical properties between congeners (e.g., less to more hydrophobic), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been chosen as POP models.The study was conducted on two alpine lakes from the National Park of Ecrins (Isère, France): Lake Muzelle (2110 m) and Lake Plan Vianney (2250 m). A monitoring was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to assess PCBs concentration in aquatic organisms, particulate and dissolved fractions and atmospheric PCBs inputs. Thus, seasonal, interannual and inter-lakes variability of PCBs level in fish have been assessed and linked to atmospheric inputs and biogeochemical lake processes.Our results show that snowmelt corresponds to an important and sudden flux of PCBs to altitude lakes (40% of annual contributions during the few weeks of spring thaw). Mass balance also reveals that PCBs inputs are higher than outputs, highlighting the role of altitude lakes as atmospheric PCBs sinks. PCBs partition between particulate and dissolved phases varies both between lakes and seasons, revealing a succession of thermodynamics equilibrium and non-equilibrium. In fact, when lakes are ice-covered, the water column is isolated from the atmosphere and therefore from sources of pollutants, allowing to reach a thermodynamic equilibrium partition of PCBs between the particulate and dissolved phases. On the contrary, when lakes are ice-free, parameters affecting PCBs adsorption on particulate matter (temperature, concentration and nature of the particles, PCBs concentration) are subject to environmental variability, preventing chemicals to reach thermodynamic equilibrium. Finally, even though PCBs fish contamination varies both between lakes and between seasons, the lack of relationship between PCBs concentrations and trophic indicators (stable isotope composition of carbon or lipid biomarkers) highlights that fish level of PCBs does not depend on habitat use and inter-individual trophic variability. In contrast, the PCBs concentration in fish is related to the concentration of pollutants in the dissolved phase. In altitude lakes, even though POPs are presented at low concentrations, these chemicals are mainly transferred to the fish compartment by bioconcentration rather than bioaccumulation.These results highlight the need to improve our knowledge on POPs ecodynamics even in low contaminated environments. In a context of global change for which pollutant inputs in altitude ecosystems might vary in intensity or temporality, this research appears essential to (i) assess the future role of altitude lakes as atmospheric POPs sinks or secondary sources and (ii) predict any modification of PCBs levels in fish in remote aquatic ecosystems.

Avec l’apparition des chaînes musicales au début des années 1980, l’industrie musicale investit massivement dans la production de clips vidéo. Pour répondre à la forte demande de clips, de nombreux réalisateurs venant aussi bien de la télévision, de la publicité, que du cinéma mirent tous leur talent au service de ce nouveau format télévisuel. C’est dans ce contexte que différents artistes visuels furent également sollicités ou proposèrent leur service pour réaliser différents clips. Au début des années 1980, le clip apparut à certains artistes comme le format idéal pour diffuser leurs images à la télévision. Il leur permettait par sa diffusion à la télévision de toucher un plus large public que celui des musées ou des galeries d’art. Pour d’autres, le clip fut un format d’expérimentation mais aussi un prolongement possible pour leur pratique artistique. Ainsi cette étude se propose d’analyser une partie de la production de certains artistes plasticiens souvent ignorée par les historiens de l’art et les critiques. À travers leurs travaux artistiques, certains artistes construisirent au contraire une critique et interrogèrent le format tout en remettant en question la pop culture diffusée à la télévision. Si la création de MTV fut une date fondatrice dans l’histoire du clip vidéo, vingt-cinq ans plus tard, l’avènement de YouTube et des sites de partage de vidéos dès 2005 marqua un grand changement dans la production mais aussi dans la consommation de clips vidéo. Nous verrons que cela entraina de nouveaux usages pour les utilisateurs pour les artistes qui s’emparèrent des contenus disponibles pour les détourner. / With the advent of music channels in the early 1980s, the music industry invested heavily in the production of music videos. To meet the high demand of music video, many filmmakers from television industry, advertising, cinema put their talents in this new TV format service. It is in this context that different visual artists were also requested and proposed their services to direct different music videos. In the early 1980s, the clip appeared some artists as the ideal format to distribute their images on television. It allowed them by its broadcast on television to reach a wider audience than museums or art galleries. For others, the clip was an experimental format, but also a potential extension to their artistic practice. So this study will analyze some of the production of certain visuals artists often ignored by art historians and critics. Through their artworks, some artists built instead a critique and questioned the format while challenging pop culture broadcast on television. If the creation of MTV was a funding event in the history of the music video, twenty-five years later, the advent of YouTube and in 2005 marked a big change in production but also in consumption of music videos. We will see that it led to new uses for Internet users and for artists who took possession available content to divert it.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Leitura teológica do seriado House M. D., tomando o personagem principal como figura estética que simboliza o status existencial humano da época presente e as narrativas da produção como mitologias existenciais contemporâneas. Afirma-se o desencantamento como possibilidade teológica de ressignificação da identidade humana, a partir da discussão a respeito da condição humana, das experiências de fé retratadas no seriado e da perspectiva de resgate de sentido existencial diante da realidade da morte. No primeiro capítulo apresenta-se a série e seus personagens, enfatizando-se a figura do protagonista Gregory House. No segundo capítulo elabora-se um quadro referencial teológico a partir de determinados pontos da produção intelectual de Paul Tillich e Jürgen Moltmann. No terceiro capítulo discute-se a condição humana, enfatinzando-se a experiência da alteridade como superação de uma ética deontológica. No quarto capítulo reflete-se sobre experiências de fé retratadas no seriado, enfatizando-se a dimensão religiosa como abertura a um horizonte absoluto de ressignificação da vida. No quinto capítulo, através de uma análise narrativa do episódio final do seriado, apresenta-se a experiência do morrer como desencantamento final e possibilidade de sentido para a conclusão da vida. / This is a theological reading of the House M.D. serial, using the main character as an esthetic figure which symbolizes the human existential status of current times and the narratives of the production as contemporary existential mythologies. Disenchantment is affirmed as a theological possibility of re-signifying the human identity based on the discussion about the human condition, the faith experiences pictured in the serial and the perspective of the recovery of existential meaning faced with the reality of death. In the first chapter the serial and its characters are presented, emphasizing the protagonist, Gregory House. In the second chapter a theological referential framework is elaborated based on certain points of the intellectual production of Paul Tillich and Jürgen Moltmann. In the third chapter the human condition is discussed emphasizing the experience of otherness as an overcoming of deontological ethics. In the fourth chapter the religious dimension is emphasized as an opening to an absolute horizon of re-signification of life. In the fifth chapter, through a narrative analysis of the final episode of the serial, the experience of dying is presented as a final disenchantment and a possibility of meaning for lifes end.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-08T20:56:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2012_Tatiane Hirata.pdf: 4994391 bytes, checksum: e488576c3f57263ac5e4845b7091553c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-12-15T13:44:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2012_Tatiane Hirata.pdf: 4994391 bytes, checksum: e488576c3f57263ac5e4845b7091553c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-15T13:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2012_Tatiane Hirata.pdf: 4994391 bytes, checksum: e488576c3f57263ac5e4845b7091553c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / CAPES / A união entre o vitalismo do cotidiano e as práticas colaborativas da cibercultura deu origem à prática midiática do scanlation, empreendida pelos fãs de mangás, as histórias em quadrinhos japonesas. O scanlation, junção dos termos em inglês scan e translation, é o processo de digitalizar mangás impressos com o intuito de traduzi-los do japonês para outro idioma, para então distribui-los gratuitamente através da internet, sem a permissão dos detentores de direitos autorais. Dispostos a fugir da subjetividade capitalista, os participantes dessa atividade buscam subverter o modo tradicional do consumo de mangá. Reunidos sob a prática do scanlation os fãs espalhados pelo mundo reinventam os processos de re-produção, circulação e consumo de mangá neste período marcado pelos processos de convergência midiática e demandas por formas sempre renovadas de rituais de sociabilidade no anonimato urbano. / The union between vitalism of daily life and collaborative practices of ciberculture gave rise to the media practice of scanlation, an activity undertaken by fans of manga, the Japanese comics. Scanlation, contraction of words scan and translation, is the process of scanning printed mangas in order to translate them from Japanese into another language, and distributing them free of charge through internet without permission from the copyright holders. Willing to escape from capitalist subjectivity scanlation members try to subvert the traditional way of consuming manga. Gathered under the media practice of scanlation, fans around the world reinvent the process of reproduction, circulation and manga consuming in this period characterized by the process of mediatic convergence and requests for ever renewed form of rituals of sociability in urban anonymity.

This essay examines how reference music can be used as a tool to fix weaknesses within my own songwriting and production process. The weaknesses were found by analysing feedback from other students on my own music. Four reference artists were then analysed with the intent of finding solutions to these weaknesses. Four new songs were then written and produced by implementing the solutions from the reference artists into the creative process. The results were mostly positive, as the songs had improved on various issues found in the feedback analysis. However, the method restricted the creative process in some occasions rather than inspiring it. The reasons for this are in part due to the choice of reference artists and which aspects of their music were in focus for the analysis. / I detta arbete undersöker jag hur referensmusik kan användas som ett verktyg för att stärka svagheter i mitt eget låtskrivande- och produktionsprocess. Svagheterna hittades genom att analysera feedback från andra studenter på min egen musik. Därefter analyserades fyra referensartister med syftet att hitta lösningar på dessa svagheter. Fyra nya låtar skrevs sedan och producerades genom att implementera lösningarna från referensartisterna till den kreativa processen. Resultaten var mestadels positiva, eftersom låtarna förbättrades på olika svagheter som hittades i feedbackanalysen. Metoden begränsade dock den kreativa processen i vissa tillfällen snarare än att inspirera den. Anledningarna till detta beror dels på valet av referensartister och vilka aspekter av deras musik som analyserna var inriktade på.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mendonca_js_me_ia.pdf: 1142682 bytes, checksum: a7da75fe4b05e5e49f370f582e79e984 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A música gospel faz parte das novas atitudes e condutas evangélicas geradas na esfera das mudanças culturais e religiosas que marcam a pós-modernidade. No estudo da música cristã contemporânea no Brasil, esta dissertação tem o objetivo de descrever as performances e canções dos cantores gospel e sua interação com os modelos da canção pop das mídias, e de verificar como a cosmovisão religiosa tem estruturado a expansão do neopentecostalismo e do mercado musical evangélico. As teorias do pós-moderno que observam a dinâmica das relações entre religião e cultura fundamentaram a análise do campo evangélico e a área de conhecimento dos estudos culturais auxiliou na compreensão dos processos de apropriação religiosa do repertório pop das mídias. / Gospel music is part of the new attitudes and dealings born in the sphere of cultural and religious changes that mark postmodernity. At researching Brazilian contemporary Christian music, we analyze the gospel performers and songs and their interaction with models of mass media pop song, and we also study how religious worldview has been structuring the expansion of New Pentecostalism and its musical business. The theories about postmodernity that comprehend the relations between religion and culture have based our analysis on evangelicalism. The Cultural Studies helped us to understand the religion appropriation processes of media’s pop repertoire.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-05-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:26:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardo_jf_me_ia.pdf: 3000865 bytes, checksum: cc405d86a49347b33bc4455a9cdb0a4f (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise da colagem como procedimento artístico. Para isto, foi traçado um histórico da colagem que englobou o Cubismo, o Dadaísmo, o Surrealismo e a Arte Pop. Em cada um destes momentos históricos, percebemos o significado do emprego da colagem como linguagem artística. Em um segundo momento, analisamos o processo da colagem nas imagens técnicas, sobretudo naquelas decorrentes da fotografia, como, por exemplo, nas fotomontagens, no cinema e na colagem digital. E, finalmente, realizamos entrevistas com artistas brasileiros e visitamos museus e galerias com o intuito de verificar como a colagem tem feito parte da arte contemporânea / This study aims at analyzing the collage as artistic process. For this, we traced a history of collage that passed trough Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism and Pop Art. In each of these historical moments we could perceive the meaning of the use of collage as an artistic language. After that, we analyzed the collage’s process in imaging techniques, resulted from photography such as in the photomontages, movie and digital collage. And finally, we conducted interviews with Brazilian artists and visited to museums and galleries to see how the collage has been part of contemporary art

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-09-12T12:57:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6455376 bytes, checksum: e58e4713480939ca44809d52d4633bea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T12:57:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6455376 bytes, checksum: e58e4713480939ca44809d52d4633bea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research aims to focus on the manifestations and social experiences around the young participants of Studio Made In PB, an existing collective in the city of João Pessoa (PB), since 1998, responsible for product, conduct and disseminate activities related to the pop culture in the city. As a term given by the participants of the research, pop culture propels collective and individual actions, revealing authentic and diverse coping mechanisms by such social actors that by appropriating themselves of the purchase of these goods reveal throughout the city lifestyles, identity constructions and group maintenance. By refining the look on the group's activities, the approach followed an ethnographic perspective having as the methodology the actions lived in the field’s work, interviews, informal conversations, virtual community interactions (Facebook) and imagistic registers with the members of the Studio Made In PB. By understanding the consume as a creator social practice, this research reflected on the consumer's role as active - and fandom, teacher, student, creator, staff - exercising strategic positioning on goods choices that open inventive possibilities, maintaining its own social dynamics. Emphasizing the Studio Made In PB as part of the manifestations of youth culture in João Pessoa, the analysis of this research allowed to know the recognition codes construction processes with other social groups in one of the most important activities of the group before their peers: the event "HQPB: comics and pop culture in Paraíba", that took place in November 2014. Above all, ethnographic research, that lasted almost 18 months, sought to understand these actors within the context of postmodern condition, in which they, even involved in complex games of signs in the ways of consumption, legitimize its provisions among themselves and among their peers, consolidating or reinforcing the bonding around the pop culture / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo abordar as manifestações e experiências sociais em torno dos jovens participantes do Studio Made In PB, coletivo existente na cidade de João Pessoa (PB), desde o ano de 1998, responsável por produzir, realizar e divulgar atividades voltadas à cultura pop na cidade. Sendo um termo dado pelos pesquisáveis, a cultura pop torna-se propulsora de ações coletivas e individuais, revelando formas de lidar autênticas e diferenciadas por estes atores sociais que ao se apropriarem do consumo destes bens, revelam nos espaços da cidade estilos de vida, construções identitárias e manutenções de grupo. Ao refinar o olhar sobre as atividades do grupo, a abordagem seguiu uma perspectiva etnográfica tendo como metodologia as ações vividas em trabalho de campo, entrevistas, conversas informais, interações em comunidade virtual (Facebook) e registros imagéticos junto aos integrantes do Studio Made In PB. Ao compreender o consumo como uma prática social criadora, a pesquisa refletiu sobre o papel do consumidor como ativo – sendo fandom, professor, aluno, idealizador, staff – exercendo posicionamentos estratégicos diante de escolhas de bens que abrem possibilidades inventivas, mantendo dinâmicas sociais próprias. Enfatizando o Studio Made In PB como parte das manifestações das culturas juvenis em João Pessoa, a análise desta pesquisa possibilitou conhecer os processos de construção de códigos de reconhecimento junto a outros grupos sociais em uma das atividades mais importantes do grupo perante seus pares: o evento “HQPB: quadrinhos e cultura pop na Paraíba”, ocorrido entre o mês de Novembro de 2014. Sobretudo, a pesquisa etnográfica, com duração de quase 18 meses, buscou entender estes atores dentro do contexto da condição pós-moderna, em que estes, mesmos envolvidos em complexos jogos de signos, pelas vias do consumo, legitimam suas disposições entre si e entre os pares, consolidando ou reforçando a manutenção de vínculos em torno da chamada cultura pop.

O presente trabalho investiga a obra de Pedro Almodóvar Caballero, cineasta espanhol; mostrando que sua principal marca autoral é trabalhar com elementos da Cultura Pop, fundamentalmente a citação, pastiche e a paródia; mesclados com sua experiência pessoal, da infância em La Mancha, e da busca pela liberdade na Madri, de La Movida, do final do franquismo e da transição para a democracia. Usando a teoria da paródia, como fundamentação teórica, demonstram-se como os filmes de Almodóvar dialogam com textos fílmicos os mais variados, incorporando-os à sua narrativa e imprimindo nela uma marca original e internacionalmente reconhecível. Traça-se uma filmografia crítica da recepção de seus filmes, no contexto em que surgiram no cenário da cultura marginal underground dos anos 1970, e seu pleno desenvolvimento e maturidade no circuito comercial, a partir da década de 80. Centrando-se a análise em Todo sobre mi madre, demonstra-se o nível de diálogo estabelecido com a obra de John Cassavetes, Federico Fellini e na retomada de sua própria obra, como fonte de citação, como o diálogo estabelecido entre La flor de mi secreto/Todo sobre mi madre. / This study carries out research into the work of Pedro Almodóvar Caballero. The great spanish director has, like autor mark, working with icons of Pop Culture, essentially quoting and parody; mixing with his own childhood personal experience, in La Mancha, and the freedom conquered within the Madri of La Movida; post-franquism period of transition throw democracy. Based on the parody theory, this work shows like the movies of Almodóvar talk/exchange subjects with others movie images of diferent kind, getting them incorporated on its narrative, providing his movies of an orginal and internacional hallmark. It sets a critical filmografy of how was the reception of his films, within de underground culture they had born, in the ´70, and its total development and maturity on the commercial circuit of the earlier ´80. The central point of the analysis is the movie All about my mother, fixing the level of the dialogue established with John Cassavetes` Opening night and some characters of Federico Fellini, like Cabiria and Gradisca; and so on, the recycle of the own Almodovar`s previous works, like source of quote, like the exchange made between The flower of my secret and All about my mother.