En raison du risque de perturbation des fonctions exécutives (FE), les recommandations médicales préconisent un suivi systématique du développement neuropsychologique des enfants atteints de phénylcétonurie, diagnostiqués et traités précocement (PCU-TP). En revanche, des divergences existent quant aux modalités pratiques d’évaluation. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’interroger la pertinence de différents outils d’évaluation des FE en regard de la compréhension du phénotype neuropsychologique de ces enfants. Il s’agit d’apporter des préconisations d'évaluation puis de les confronter aux recommandations actuellement en vigueur. Dans ce contexte, 31 enfants PCU-TP ont été évalués à l’aide de tâches exécutives basées sur la performance et d’un questionnaire évaluant les comportements exécutifs à la maison et à l'école. Les résultats confirment la présence de difficultés exécutives par rapport à des enfants contrôles. Les difficultés décrites par l'entourage semblent majorées en regard des troubles observés aux tâches, suggérant que ces deux types d’outil évaluent des aspects exécutifs différents. Ce travail incite à préconiser l’utilisation d’outils variés et complémentaires et justifie la pertinence d’une évaluation plurielle et exhaustive des différentes composantes exécutives.Reste le problème majeur des outils actuellement disponibles. Dans cette perspective, la dynamique pluridisciplinaire associant cliniciens et universitaires est à encourager afin de proposer des outils fiables, permettant une évaluation puis une prise en charge au plus près des difficultés des patients. / Due to the risk of the impairment of Executive functions (EF), medical recommendations advocate asystematic follow up of the neuropsychological development for children with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria (ECT-PKU). However, there are discrepancies in the practical modalities of evaluation.This thesis is looking to question the relevance of the different evaluation tools for the EF with regards to the understanding of these children’s neuropsychological phenotype. It is about bringing evaluation recommendations and comparing them with the current guidelines. In this context, thirty one children with ECTPKU have been evaluated with executive tasks based on performance, and with a questionnaire assessing everyday executive functioning at home and at school.The results confirm some executive difficulties compared to control children. The difficulties described by the parents and teachers seem to be increased in relation to the disorders observed during the tasks. This suggests that these two types of tools evaluate different executive aspects. This work recommends the use of varied and complementary tools and it justifies the relevance of a plural and exhaustive evaluation of the different executive components. The major issue of the tools currently available remains. In this perspective, the pluridisciplinary dynamic associating clinicians and scholars is to be encouraged in order to offer reliable tools and thus allowing an evaluation, and a care and support, that are closer and more appropriate to the patient's difficulties.

L’industrie publicitaire est un travail quotidien de collaboration entre deux « hémisphères » distincts : l’un de nature commercial et l’autre de nature créatif. Des individus qui favorisent des aspects logiques et rationnels se doivent de collaborer avec des individus qui favorisent des aspects intuitifs et artistiques, ce qui suscite des tensions. Cette mise en relation s’opère au travers d’un processus, que nous nommerons processus de design visuel communicationnel car il permet de relier la communication au design, approche que nous adoptons dans ce mémoire. L’industrie publicitaire s’est dotée d’outils permettant de faciliter le processus de design visuel communicationnel, dont le brief créatif. Notre recherche propose d’observer la manière dont les « commerciaux » et les « créatifs » perçoivent leur travail quotidien en agence et comment le brief créatif est réquisitionné. Nous adoptons une posture interprétative pour tenir compte de la complexité du phénomène et nous mobilisons une série d’entrevues pour répondre à nos questions de recherche. Nos questions de recherche sont les suivantes : de quelle manière les « commerciaux » et les « créatifs » négocient-ils les tensions lors du processus de design visuel communicationnel? Quels rôles le brief créatif occupe-t-il au sein de ce processus? Les résultats nous renseignent sur les transformations et les innovations qui émergent des tensions entre les « commerciaux » et les « créatifs » et sur l’importance que revêtent les caractéristiques communicationnelles du brief créatif dans le cadre du processus de design visuel communicationnel. / The advertising industry involves a daily collaboration between two ways of thinking or two hemispheres: one of commercial nature and the other of creative nature. Rational and logical individuals must collaborate with intuitive and artistic individuals, and from this collaboration emerge various tensions. In the advertising industry, this relationship operates throughout a process of visual communication design. We chose to use the term visual communication design process because it illustrates our approach in this research, an approach that joins communication and design. The advertising industry has developed tools to facilitate the visual communication process: among them the creative brief. Our research proposes to observe how “commercials” and “creatives” in the industry perceive their day-to-day work and their use of the creative brief through a series of interviews. Our questions are: in which ways do the “commercials” and “creatives” negotiate the tensions that emerges from the visual communication design process? What are the roles of the creative brief throughout this process? Our findings illustrate the transformations and innovations that emerge from the tensions between “commercials” and “creatives” and highlight the importance of the communicational characteristics of the creative brief as part of the visual communication design process.

Die Brief Social Phobia Scale – German version (BSPS-G) ist ein Kurzinterview zum Screening sozialer Ängste. Dabei werden Schwere oder Verlauf einer bereits diagnostizierten sozialen Angststörung erfasst. Im Folgenden wird der Hintergrund dargelegt und eine Kurzbeschreibung des englischsprachigen Originals (BSPS) gegeben: Die soziale Phobie ist gekennzeichnet durch ausgeprägte und anhaltende Angst, sich in sozialen oder Leistungssituationen peinlich zu verhalten, gedemütigt zu werden oder bestimmte Körpersymptome zu zeigen (Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual psychischer Störungen, DSM-IV-TR [Saß et al., 2003]). Die Prävalenzraten liegen zwischen 6,7% [Fehm et al., 2005] und 12,1% [Kessler et al., 2005] und bei bis zu 25% für subklinische Ängste, die in Schwere und Beeinträchtigung häufig dem Vollbild ähnlich sind [Beesdo et al., 2007; Knappe et al., 2009]. Zur diagnostischen Erfassung der sozialen Phobie liegen zahlreiche Selbsteinschätzungsverfahren vor, aber kaum Fremdbeurteilungsverfahren [Mitte et al., 2007]. Als Interviewverfahren hat sich die Liebowitz Skala (Liebowitz Soziale Angst Skala, LSAS) [Stangier und Heidenreich, 2005] etabliert. Die BSPS hat demgegenüber die Vorteile, dass sie viel ökonomischer ist und explizit typische Körpersymptome erfasst, die soziale Ängste sowohl begleiten als auch auslösen können. Die Validierung der englischsprachigen Originalversion der BSPS zeigte sehr gute Kennwerte für die Test-Retest-Reliabilität (rtt = 0,91) und die interne Konsistenz (Cronbachs α = 0,82) sowie gute konvergente und diskriminante Validität und Änderungssensitivität. Als Cut-Off-Wert wurde ein Summenwert von 20 Punkten bestimmt [Davidson et al., 1997]. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Bakgrund: I dagens samhälle utsätts konsumenter ständigt för en mängd olika typer av reklam. För att fånga upp deras intresse och uppmärksamhet är det viktigt att kunna differentiera och utmärka sig på marknaden genom att välja rätt kommunikationsmedel. Om ett företag vill lansera en ny produkt eller tjänst finns oftast inte all kompetens som behövs tillgänglig för att marknadsföra detta i ett och samma företag. Därför väljer företag att outsourca, som innebär att externa verksamheter hjälper ett företag med dess marknadsföringsprocess. På grund av detta har en mängd reklam- och PR-byråer vuxit fram för att kunna komplettera den kompetensen som ett företag saknar. Hur dessa reklam- och PR-byråer väljer att marknadsföra produkten eller tjänsten varierar mycket från gång till gång men slutmålet är alltid detsamma, att exponera en produkt eller tjänst.   Syfte: Undersöka arbetsprocessen hos ett företag och dess anlitade reklam- och PR-byrå samt belysa relationen mellan de tre parterna. Metod: En deskriptiv fallstudie bestående av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer. Teori: Fem teorier som är länkade till ämnet, arbetsprocessen och relationen mellan ett företag och dess reklam- och PR-byrå har noga valts ut för att ge stöd åt uppsatsens syfte. Empiri: De fyra semistrukturerade intervjuerna består utav personer med olika befattningspositioner inom en reklambyrå, en PR-byrå samt ett företag som samarbetar med dessa två byråer. Respondenterna erhåller stor kompetens inom ämnet och bidrar med relevant information för att besvara uppsatsens syfte. Slutsats: Varje arbetsprocess mellan ett företag och en reklam- och PR-byrå är unik. Detta beror på att varje uppdragsgivare har sina specifika krav och mål som byråerna måste anpassa sig efter. Även relationen och kontakten mellan en byrå och kund varierar vilket i sin tur formar arbetsprocessen. Författarna konstaterar dock att grunden till de flesta arbetsprocesser och relationer mellan ett företag och dess anlitade reklam- och PR-byrå är sig lik. / Background: In today's society consumers are constantly exposed to a variety of different types of advertising. In order to capture customers' interest and attention, it is important to differentiate and distinguish yourself on the market by choosing the right channels of communication. If a company is going to launch a new product or service all the skills needed to promote are usually not available in the same firm. That is the reason why companies choose to outsource this work to an external organisation to help the company with the marketing process. Because of this, a lot of advertising and PR agencies have emerged to complement the expertise that a company lacks. Purpose: Describe the working process of a company and its hired advertising and PR agency and also explain the relationship between the three parties. Method: A descriptive case study consisting four semi-structured interviews. Theory: Five theories that are linked to the subject, the work process and the relationship between a company and its advertising and PR agency have been carefully selected to support the purpose of the essay. Empirical studies: The four semi-structured interviews consist of people with different job positions in an advertising agency, a PR agency and a company that collaborates with these two agencies. The respondents obtain substantial expertise of the topic and contribute relevant information to answer the purpose of the essay. Conclusion: Each work process between a company and an advertising and PR agency is unique, since each client has specific requirements and objectives that agencies must adapt to. The relationship between an agency and a client varies which in turn shapes the work. The authors have concluded, however, that the basis for the work processes and relationship between a company and its hired advertising and PR agency is similar.

Häufig fristen sie ein mehr oder minder unbeachtetes Dasein in unscheinbaren Pappkisten irgendwo im Archiv. Briefe und andere handschriftliche Dokumente sind aufgrund ihrer allgemeinen Natur nur mit großem Aufwand zu katalogisieren. Dabei besteht über deren Nutzen und Wert allgemeiner Konsens. Die Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig hat in einem mehrere Jahre umfassenden Projekt Systematik in ihre Sammlung bringen können.

Individuella skillnader i val av copingstrategier är en viktig del av stresshantering och i förlängningen sannolikheten att drabbas av stressrelaterad ohälsa. Syftet med studien var att predicera copingstrategier utifrån personlighet och vuxen anknytning och att undersöka korrelationer mellan personlighet och vuxen anknytning. 174 vuxna deltagare (män = 40) i åldrarna mellan 19 och 83 år svarade på enkäten som bestod av Big Five Inventory (BFI), Erfarenheter av Nära Relationer (ENR) och Brief COPE. BFI mäter personlighetsdragen enligt femfaktormodellen, ENR mäter anknytningsstil enligt de två dimensionerna undvikande respektive ångestladdad anknytning. Brief COPE mäter coping enligt 14 delskalor som kan delas in i problemfokuserad, känslofokuserad och dysfunktionell (undvikande) coping. Resultat avseende korrelationer visade att det fanns en negativ korrelation mellan undvikande anknytning och vänlighet, extraversion samt samvetsgrannhet. Undvikande anknytning och neuroticism korrelerade positivt. Ångestladdad anknytning var svagt negativt korrelerad med samvetsgrannhet samt positivt korrelerad med neuroticism. Ingen av anknytningsstilarna var signifikant korrelerade med öppenhet. Multipla regressionsanalyser visade att extraversion, öppenhet, samvetsgrannhet och undvikande anknytning predicerade problemfokuserad coping. Känslofokuserad coping predicerades av neuroticism och extraversion. Extraversion och undvikande anknytning predicerade socialt stöd. Självanklagelse predicerades av neuroticism. Neuroticism och ångestladdad anknytning predicerade dysfunktionell coping. Personlighet och anknytning kunde tillsammans predicera problemfokuserad och dysfunktionell coping samt socialt stöd. Anknytning bidrog med unik varians för coping utöver personlighetsdimensionerna. Dock bidrog anknytning med relativt lite förklarad varians även om resultatet var signifikant. / Individual differences in choosing coping strategies are an important part of stress management, thereby affecting the risk of health problems related to stress in the long run. The purpose of this study was the prediction of coping strategies from personality and adult attachment and the examination of correlations between coping and adult attachment. 174 adult participants (men = 40) in the ages between 19 and 83 answered a survey comprised of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Experiences of Close Relationships (ECR) and Brief COPE. BFI measures personality according to the five-factor model. ECR measures attachment according to the two dimensions of avoidant and anxious attachment. Brief COPE measures coping according to 14 subscales which may be divided into problem-focused, emotion-focused, and dysfunctional (avoidance) coping. Results regarding correlations show that there is a negative correlation between avoidant attachment and agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness. There was a positive correlation between avoidant attachment and neuroticism. No significant correlation between attachment and openness was found. Multiple regression analyses show that extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and avoidant attachment predicted problem-focused coping. Neuroticism and extraversion predicted emotion-focused coping. Social support was predicted by extraversion and avoidant attachment. Neuroticism predicted self-blame. Dysfunctional coping was predicted by neuroticism and anxious attachment. Together, personality and attachment predicted problem-focused and dysfunctional coping, as well as social support. Attachment added unique variance compared to personality alone. However, even though significant, the unique variance contributed by attachment was relatively small.

As no known research has been done on Satir brief therapy in a maternity setting, an exploratory design using the case study method was used to assess whether women in a maternity hospital experience this form of therapy as beneficial. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a sample of five patients for this study. Therapeutic sessions were held with these women during their stay in hospital, and follow up sessions with four of the five women were held once they had been discharged home to evaluate their experience of the therapy. The fifth woman could not be reached after her discharge from hospital. The results indicate that the use of Satir brief therapy supports the research question and that it can therefore be used to address the psychological and social issues which can affect the mother baby dyad, thus promoting healthy mother - baby bonding. / Social Work / M.A.(Social Science)

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. Effective tobacco cessation aids are widely available, yet underutilized. Tobacco cessation brief interventions (BIs) increase quit rates. However, BI training has focused on conventional medical providers, overlooking other health practitioners with regular contact with tobacco users. The 2007 National Health Interview Survey found that approximately 20% of those who use provider-based complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are tobacco users. Thus, CAM practitioners potentially represent a large, untapped community resource for promoting tobacco cessation and use of effective cessation aids. Existing BI training is not well suited for CAM practitioners' background and practice patterns, because it assumes a conventional biomedical foundation of knowledge and philosophical approaches to health, healing and the patient-practitioner relationship. There is a pressing need to develop and test the effectiveness of BI training that is both grounded in Public Health Service (PHS) Guidelines for tobacco dependence treatment and that is relevant and appropriate for CAM practitioners. METHODS/DESIGN: The CAM Reach (CAMR) intervention is a tobacco cessation BI training and office system intervention tailored specifically for chiropractors, acupuncturists and massage therapists. The CAMR study utilizes a single group one-way crossover design to examine the CAMR intervention's impact on CAM practitioners' tobacco-related practice behaviors. Primary outcomes included CAM practitioners' self-reported conduct of tobacco use screening and BIs. Secondary outcomes include tobacco using patients' readiness to quit, quit attempts, use of guideline-based treatments, and quit rates and also non-tobacco-using patients' actions to help someone else quit. DISCUSSION: CAM practitioners provide care to significant numbers of tobacco users. Their practice patterns and philosophical approaches to health and healing are well suited for providing BIs. The CAMR study is examining the impact of the CAMR intervention on practitioners' tobacco-related practice behaviors, CAM patient behaviors, and documenting factors important to the conduct of practice-based research in real-world CAM practices.

Executive functioning is an umbrella term used to describe abilities that include self-monitoring, goal-setting, planning, organization, attention, and working memory. Broadband behavior rating scales are commonly used by school psychologists and the instruments often now include an executive functioning scale. It is unknown, however, how these scales, based on a few items, compare to more extensive rating scales that solely measure executive functioning. The current study examined the overall consistency between the executive functioning scale on one broadband instrument to another instrument that assesses multiple areas of executive functioning by having teachers complete both instruments at the same point in time. The comparisons revealed statistically significant correlations, but significantly different mean scores between the executive functioning CAB-T score and the overall BRIEF score. Furthermore, classification consistency (i.e., scores from the two scales are both in the average range or clinically significant range) only occurred approximately two-thirds of the time. Thus, concerns were raised about the use of the scale from the broadband instrument as a general measure of executive functioning.

Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABTSRACT: The aim of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) in a South African Youth Centre for young offenders, to which the court had sentenced them for two years. The study focused on the competencies and strengths of youth offenders, as well as on their capacity to find solutions to their problems, whilst being realistic and trying to accomplish positive change within the limits of the youth centre facility. An experimental and control group design was used in order to assess the impact of the therapeutic intervention. The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated within three main domains of human experience: (1) subjective discomfort, (2) interpersonal relationships, and (3) social role performance. Two measures were used, namely the OQ-45.2 (outcome questionnaire) and unstandardised scaling questions relating to participants' personalised goals. Results show that no statistically significant improvement had occurred on the three measured dimensions. However, data obtained from the scaling questions reflected a more complete picture of the three areas of functioning identified and explored in this study. Improvement towards the achievement of young offenders' personalised goals seemed to be rapid at first, followed by a slightly slower rate of improvement and subsequent stabilisation. Scaling questions proved to be a useful technique for making complex aspects of these young offenders' lives more concrete and accessible to both the therapist and themselves. SFBT proved to be an effective method of intervention within group format in a facility for young offenders. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die navorsingsprojek was om die effektiwiteit van Oplossingsgerigte Terapie binne 'n Suid-Afrikaanse jeugsentrum vir jong oortreders, waartoe hulle vir twee jaar deur die hof gevonnis is, te evalueer. Hierdie studie se fokus was op die bevoegdhede en sterk punte van jeugdige oortreders, sowel as op hul vermoe om oplossings vir hul probleme te vind. Hierdie oogmerk was terselftertyd realisties in die poging om positiewe verandering binne die beperkinge van 'n jeugsentrum teweeg te bring. 'n Eksperimentele en kontrolegroepontwerp is gebruik om die impak van die terapeutiese intervensie te evalueer. Die effektiwiteit van die ingreep is ten opsigte van drie hoof areas wat verwant is aan menslike ervarings geevalueer: (1) subjektiewe ongemak, (2) interpersoonlike verhoudings, en (3) sosiale rolvervulling. Twee meetinstrumente is gebruik, naamlik die UV-45.2 (uitkomste vraelys) en ongestandaardiseerde skaleringsvrae wat verwant was aan deelnemers se persoonlike doelstellings. Resultate het getoon dat geen beduidende statistiese verbetering in die drie dimensies plaasgevind het nie. Data wat egter deur die stel van skaleringsvrae ingewin is, het 'n meer volledige beeld van die drie areas van funksionering wat in die studie geYdentifiseer en verken is, gereflekteer. Dit blyk dat die verbetering in die jong oortreders se persoonlike doelstellings aanvanklik vinnig geskied het, en gevolg is deur 'n effense stadiger tempo van verbetering en stabilisering. Volgens die navorsingstudie blyk dit dat skaleringsvrae 'n baie suksesvolle tegniek kan wees om komplekse aspekte van hierdie jong oortreders se lewens vir beide die terapeut en hulself meer konkreet en meer bereikbaar te maak. Dit blyk ook dat Oplossingsgerigte Terapie 'n effektiewe intervensiemetode binne groepformaat in 'n inrigting vir jong oortreders is.