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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Uso do S-TOFHLA em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer leve e comprometimento cognitivo leve como medida da avaliação ao analfabetismo funcional / The S-TOFHLA in mild Alzheimer\'s disease and mild cognitive impairment patients as a measure of functional literacy

Maira Okada de Oliveira 29 November 2012 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O maior desafio no diagnóstico de perdas cognitivas na nossa população é sua heterogeneidade educacional, com um espectro que vai do analfabetismo, analfabetismo funcional até os escolarizados com diferentes graus de alfabetização mesmo com o mesmo grau de escolarização. OBJETIVOS: Comparar os resultados obtidos no S-TOFHLA entre indivíduos controles, pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) e pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA) e correlacioná-los aos anos de escolarização formal, aos testes de Avaliação Neuropsicológica e aos escores alcançados no teste Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven e nos subtestes Vocabulário e Cubos do WAIS-III como medida de nível intelectual estimado. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 148 sujeitos, sendo 61 controles saudáveis, 42 pacientes com CCL e 45 com DA. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação neuropsicológica, S-TOFHLA e avaliação funcional. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação observou-se que nos testes: Cubos, Raven e QI Estimado foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos controle e CCL; controle e DA, mas não entre os grupos CCL e DA. No S-TOFHLA, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante no item de Compreensão e Leitura e no escore total nos três grupos (controle, CCL e DA). No item Numérico, a diferença estatística ocorreu somente entre os grupos controle e DA. O S-TOFHLA correlacionou-se fortemente o QI estimado. CONCLUSÕES: O S-TOFHLA sofre influência da progressão da doença apresentando diferença entre os grupos estudados. As alterações em inteligência fluida ocorrem desde início da doença. O subteste Vocabulário permaneceu com resultados semelhantes durante os graus de comprometimento cognitivo, mostrando que memória semântica e inteligência cristalizada são preservadas. / INTRODUCTION: The greatest challenge in the diagnosis of cognitive loss in our population is its educational heterogeneity, with a spectrum ranging from illiteracy, functional illiteracy and various degrees of literacy even with the same level of schooling. OBJECTIVES: To compare the results obtained in the S-TOFHLA among control subjects, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and patients with Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) and correlate those scores with years of formal schooling, Neuropsychological Assessment, and the scores achieved on Raven\'s Colored Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary and Block Design subtests of the WAIS-III as a measure of estimated intellectual level. METHODS: The sample consisted of 148 subjects, of which 61 were healthy controls, 42 had MCI and 45 had AD. All participants underwent neuropsychological assessment, S-TOFHLA and functional evaluation. RESULTS: In the neuropsychological evaluation it was observed that in the tests Block Design, Raven and IQ Estimate statistical differences were found between MCI and control groups, control and AD, but not between the MCI and AD groups. In the S-TOFHLA, there was a statistically significant difference in reading comprehension and in the total score in all three groups (control, MCI and AD). In the Numeric item, the only statistical difference occurred between control and AD. The S-TOFHLA strongly correlated with the estimated IQ. CONCLUSIONS: The S-TOFHLA is influenced by disease progression showing significant difference between groups. The changes in fluid intelligence occur since the onset of disease. The Vocabulary subtest remained with similar results in different degrees of cognitive impairment, showing that semantic memory and crystallized intelligence are preserved.
122

O binding da memória visual de curto-prazo em pacientes com CCL e DA / Visual short-term memory binding in patients with MCI and AD

Flávia Andréa Prado Patrocinio 15 May 2017 (has links)
O fenômeno de binding consiste na integração de diversas caraterísticas individuais (como formas e cores) para formação de uma representação única (exemplo: formas coloridas). Estudos demonstraram que o binding na memória visual de curto-prazo se mostrou sensível às alterações precoces da doença de Alzheimer (DA). Entretanto, ainda não foi comparado o desempenho de indivíduos com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL), que se constitui em uma situação de risco para demência, e DA. O Objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar o desempenho de 3 grupos (controles saudáveis, CCL e DA) em diferentes condições da tarefa de binding da memória visual de curto-prazo, além de compará-los visando verificar se a mesma é capaz de discriminar os indivíduos com CCL de idosos saudáveis e com DA. Avaliou-se 21 controles saudáveis, 26 CCL e 19 DA nessa tarefa e numa bateria de testes neuropsicológicos de memória, atenção, funções executivas, linguagem e praxia construtiva. A performance cognitiva dos três grupos foi comparada pela análise de covariância (ANCOVA). Todas as condições da tarefa de binding foram capazes de diferenciar significativamente o grupo controle do CCL, bem como do DA. Entretanto, apenas a evocação livre binding conseguiu discriminar também CCL de DA. Esses resultados corroboram a utilização da tarefa de binding na memória visual de curtoprazo como uma ferramenta de detecção precoce de DA. / Binding consists in the integration of individual characteristics (such as color and shapes) to create a single representation (exemple: colored forms). Studies demonstrated that binding in short-term visual memory is sensitive to early changes in Alzheimer\'s disease (AD). However, it has not yet been compared the performance of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which constitutes a risk situation for dementia, and AD. The objective of the study was to characterize the performance of three groups (healthy controls, MCI and AD) in different conditions of this short-term visual memory task, in addition to comparing them to verify if it is able to discriminate individuals with MCI from healthy elderly and AD. Were assessment 21 healthy controls, 26 MCI and 19 AD in this task and in a battery of neuropsychological tests of memory, attention, executive functions, language and constructive práxis.The cognitive performance of the three groups was compared by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). All conditions of the binding task were able to significantly differentiate the control group from CCL as well as from AD. However, only an free recall binding was able to discriminate also CCL from DA. These results corroborate the use of the shortterm visual memory binding task as an early detection tool for AD.
123

Memória prospectiva em pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve / Prospective memory performance of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Livia Spindola 09 June 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Memória prospectiva é a capacidade de formular intenções e realizá-las em um momento no futuro. Apesar da relevância da memória prospectiva para o funcionamento diário e do potencial das tarefas de memória prospectiva em detectar os primeiros sinais de declínio cognitivo, essas tarefas raramente são utilizadas na avaliação clínica de idosos. Objetos: Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: (1) Caracterizar o desempenho da memória prospectiva em pacientes com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (CCL) e compará-lo a controles saudáveis; (2) Investigar a relação entre medidas de memória prospectiva, testes neuropsicológicos e variáveis demográficas; (3) Avaliar a acurácia diagnóstica de medidas subjetivas e objetivas de memória prospectiva para a detecção de CCL. Métodos: O estudo inclui 30 pacientes com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve amnéstico (CCLa), 20 com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve não-amnéstico (CCLna) e 30 controles saudáveis. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação neuropsicológica e responderam ao Questionário de Memória Prospectiva e Retrospectiva (QMPR). Os participantes também foram convidados a realizar uma tarefa de memória prospectiva na vida diária. Resutados: Os grupos CCLa e CCLna apresentaram desempenho significativamente pior comparado ao grupo controle em medidas objetivas de memória prospectiva baseadas em tempo e evento. O grupo CCLa apresentou pior desempenho em tarefa de memória prospectiva realizada na vida diária comparado ao grupo CCLna. Foram encontras correlações significativas entre as medidas objetivas de memória prospectiva e testes neuropsicológicos de memória retrospectiva, atenção e funções executivas e idade. O grupo CCLa apresentou mais queixas de memória prospectiva e retrospectiva comparado aos idosos saudáveis. As medidas objetivas de memória prospectiva apresentaram boa acurácia para discriminar os grupos de pacientes dos controles, tanto no subtipo amnéstico quanto não amnéstico. As medidas subjetivas de memória prospectiva apresentaram boa acurácia para diferenciar os grupos, prém não se correlacionaram com as medidas objetivas de memória prospectiva. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados sugerem que indivíduos com CCL apresentam comprometimento de memória prospectiva quando comparados com adultos saudáveis. Estes resultados têm implicações importantes para a prática clínica e para o desenvolvimento de programas mais adequados de reabilitação cognitiva. / Introduction: Prospective memory is the ability to formulate intentions and realize them at a future time. Despite the relevance of prospective memory to everyday functioning and the potential for prospective memory task in to detect the earliest signs of cognitive decline, these tasks rarely are utilized as part of the clinical evaluations of older adults. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to: (1) Characterize the prospective memory performance of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and compare their performance with normal controls; (2) Investigate the relationship between prospective memory measures, neuropsychological tests and demographic variables; (3) Evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of subjective and objective prospective memory measures for detecting MCI. Methods: The study included 30 patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI), 20 with nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) and 30 healthy controls. All participants underwent neuropsychological assessment completed the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire. Participants were also asked to perform a prospective memory task in their everyday lives. Results: Individuals with aMCI and naMCI performed significantly worse than controls on time-based and event-based objective prospective memory measures. Participants with aMCI demonstrated poorer performance in prospective memory measure carried out in everyday life than naMCI. Significant correlations were found between objective prospective memory measures, neuropsychological tests of retrospective memory, attention and executive functioning and age. Participants with aMCI reported more prospective and retrospective memory complaints than the healthy adults. The objective prospective memory measure was able to discriminate with good accuracy the groups of patients from controls in both amnestic and nonaminestic subtypes. The subjective prospective memory measure showed good accuracy to differentiate the groups, but not correlated with objective measures of prospective memory. Conclusion: The results suggest that individuals with MCI display prospective memory impairment when compared to healthy adults. These results have important implications for clinical practice and to develop of more appropriate programs of cognitive rehabilitation.
124

Desempenho cognitivo, estado nutricional e consumo alimentar em idosos com diferentes perfis cognitivo / Cognitive performance, nutritional status and food consumption in elderly people with different cognitive profiles

Silvia Regina Borgheresi Calil 20 April 2017 (has links)
O hábito alimentar tornou-se objeto de intensa pesquisa em relação ao envelhecimento cognitivo, com potencial para proteger e maximizar a função cognitiva. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a relação entre o grau de adesão à dieta do Mediterrâneo (MED) e ao padrão dietético MIND (Mediterranean-Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) com o desempenho cognitivo em idosos com diferentes perfis cognitivos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, feito com uma amostra composta por 96 idosos, com idade igual ou acima de 60 anos, de ambos os sexos, residentes na região leste de São Paulo. Os participantes foram classificados em três grupos conforme perfil cognitivo, sendo 36 considerados controles saudáveis, 30 com diagnóstico de comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) e 46 pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA). Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, a coleta da antropometria e a aplicação de questionário de frequência alimentar com 98 itens. Posteriormente houve o cálculo dos escores do grau de adesão à MED e à MIND. Os participantes eram em sua maioria mulheres, com baixa escolaridade e baixa renda. Os grupos diagnósticos mostraram-se semelhantes para a maior parte das características avaliadas, com a exceção da idade, renda e cor da pele. Houve maior número de indivíduos mais velhos e de cor branca entre os idosos com DA e maior renda no grupo CCL. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos clínicos quanto ao grau de adesão às dietas, entretanto, somente entre os controles saudáveis maior adesão à MED e MIND se associou positivamente, com maior escore no MEEM e no escore de memória de Aprendizado da BBRC. Os resultados sugerem que mesmo um grau modesto de adesão aos padrões dietéticos MED e MIND pode exercer impacto sobre o desempenho cognitivo de idosos sem alterações cognitivas. Considerando que o hábito alimentar das pessoas sobre forte influência de fatores socioculturais é importante que estudos sobre o padrão de consumo alimentar e cognição sejam conduzidos em diferentes países / Dietary habits have become the subject of intense research in relation to cognitive aging, with the potential to protect and maximize cognitive function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MED) and the Mediterranean-Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) with cognitive performance in elderly people with different cognitive profiles. This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample composed of 96 individuals, aged 60 years and over, of both sexes, residents in the eastern region of São Paulo. Participants were classified into three groups according to their cognitive profile, 36 were classified as healthy controls, 30 as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 46 with Alzheimer\'s disease (AD). The instruments used were the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery, Mini Mental State Examination, anthropometry assessment and the application of a food frequency questionnaire with 98 items. Subsequently, the scores to indicate the degree of adherence to MED and MIND were calculated. Participants were mostly women, with low schooling and low income. Diagnostic groups were similar for most of the evaluated characteristics, with the exception of age, income, and skin color. There were more older and white individuals among participants with AD and higher income in the MCI group. There were no significant differences among the groups as to level of adherence to the diets, however, only among healthy controls higher adherence to MED and MIND was positively associated with a higher score in the MMSE and in the BBRC Learning Score. The results suggest that even a modest degree of adherence to MED and MIND dietary patterns may have an impact on the cognitive performance of seniors without cognitive impairment. Considering that people\'s eating habits are strongly influenced by sociocultural factors, it is important that studies on the pattern of food consumption and cognition are conducted in different countries
125

Efeitos do consumo de castanha-do-brasil (Bertholetia excelsa H.B.K.) sobre o estresse oxidativo em pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve e a relação com variações em genes de selenoproteínas / Effects of the intake of Brazil nut (Bertholetia excels H.B.K) on the oxidative stress in patients with mild cognitive impairment and its relation with polymorphisms in selenoprotein genes.

Bárbara Rita Cardoso 10 June 2014 (has links)
Visto que o estresse oxidativo está intimamente relacionado com a progressão da demência, este se apresenta como um possível alvo terapêutico a fim de preservar as funções cognitivas. No mesmo sentido, estudos mostram o papel antioxidante do selênio, mineral que atua por meio das selenoproteínas, com destaque para a família de enzimas antioxidantes glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e a selenoproteína responsável pelo transporte de selênio, a selenoproteína P (SePP). Entretanto, diferentes genótipos dos genes que codificam essas selenoproteínas podem refletir em diferentes respostas diante de intervenções alimentares. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos da suplementação com castanha-do-brasil sobre o estresse oxidativo em pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) e verificar sua relação com os polimorfismos rs1050450 (Pro198Leu) no gene da GPx1, rs3877899 e rs7579 no gene da selenoproteína P. Participaram do estudo 31 indivíduos com CCL, voluntários, de ambos os sexos, frequentadores do Ambulatório de Memória do Idoso do Serviço de Geriatria da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, que foram distribuídos aleatoriamente entre os grupos Castanha e Controle. O grupo Castanha recebeu uma unidade de castanha-do-brasil por dia durante seis meses. Foram avaliados os seguintes marcadores: determinação de selênio no plasma e nos eritrócitos, atividade da GPx eritrocitária, avaliação dos níveis de oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) e de malondialdeído (MDA) plasmáticos, perfil lipídico sérico e expressão gênica de GPx1 e SePP. Além disso, os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação cognitiva e genotipados quanto aos polimorfismos rs1050450, rs3877899 e rs7579. Cada unidade de castanha-do-brasil forneceu 288,75µg de selênio. Dentre os 31 participantes selecionados, apenas 20 concluíram o estudo, e observou-se que, antes da intervenção, os grupos de estudo não apresentavam diferença quanto aos níveis de selênio no plasma e no eritrócito, bem como na atividade da GPx e nos níveis plasmáticos de ORAC e de MDA. Porém, após a suplementação, verificou-se aumento significativo no selênio plasmático (290,6±74,6) e eritrocitário (574,6±181,4) e na atividade da GPx (59,55±20,79) no grupo Castanha, diferente do grupo Controle (47,48±11,7 no plasma; 33,5±16,1 no eritrócito; 42,54±13,05 atividade da GPx). Em relação ao MDA, verificou-se que ambos os grupos apresentaram aumento após a intervenção, porém não significativo. No caso do ORAC, não se verificou alteração entre os grupos após os seis meses. O escore CERAD, que avalia desempenho cognitivo, não foi diferente entre os grupos após o tratamento, entretanto as mudanças observadas na fluência verbal e na praxia construtiva ao longo do acompanhamento foram mais favoráveis no grupo Castanha. A frequência dos genótipos de referência foram 40% para Pro198Leu, 55% para rs7579 e 60% para rs3877899. Não foram identificadas diferenças entre os níveis de selênio, de atividade da GPx, de MDA e de ORAC entre os genótipos, porém em análise multivariada verificou-se que o alelo variante do Pro198Leu se relacionou com aumento de 0,613 dp na concentração de selênio no plasma no baseline. A influência dos polimorfismos na resposta à intervenção com castanha-do-brasil foi avaliada nos 11 participantes do grupo Castanha, e observou-se que os genótipos não influenciaram na resposta quanto os níveis de selênio plasmático e eritrocitário, bem como de MDA. Entretanto, quanto à atividade da GPx, embora todos os genótipos tenham apresentado aumento após a intervenção, isso não foi significativo para o genótipo dominante do rs7579 e para o variante do rs3877899. A expressão de GPx1 e de SePP também foi diferente entre os genótipos: indivíduos com alelo variante do Pro198Leu apresentaram redução da expressão da GPx1, enquanto carreadores do genótipo homozigoto dominante tiveram aumento. Também percebeu-se que a expressão da SePP foi reduzida em todos os genótipos, entretanto essa mudança foi mais relevante para os genótipos variantes do Pro198Leu e rs7579 e para o genótipo GG do rs3877899. A partir desses resultados, concluiu-se que o consumo de apenas uma castanha-do-brasil diariamente, durante seis meses, é suficiente para recuperar o estado nutricional relativo ao selênio, e isso parece ter efeitos positivos sobre a cognição em idosos com CCL. Além disso, observou-se que o polimorfismo Pro198Leu no gene da GPx1 parece influenciar o estado nutricional quanto ao selênio, bem como a expressão de GPx, enquanto que os polimorfismos rs7579 e rs3877899 parecem não influenciar, de maneira significativa, o metabolismo de selênio frente ao consumo de castanha-do-brasil. / Since oxidative stress is closely related to progression of dementia, the antioxidant system may be a potential therapeutic target to preserve cognitive function. In this way, studies show the antioxidant role of selenium, which plays as selenoproteins especially glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family and selenoprotein P (SePP). However, different genotypes of selenoprotein genes may result in different response to dietary intake. Therefore, this work aimed to verify the effects of Brazil nuts intake on oxidative stress and the role of the polymorphisms rs1050450 (Pro198Leu) in GPx1 gene and rs7579 and rs3877899 in SePP gene in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Study subjects comprised 31 voluntary patients with MCI who attended the Memory and Aging Unit of the Geriatrics Division, University of São Paulo Medical School (Brazil). They were randomly assigned to ingestion of Brazil nuts or to the control group. Brazil nuts group received one nut daily during six months. The following parameters were analysed: selenium concentration in plasma and erythrocyte, GPx activity in erythrocyte, plasmatic levels of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and of malondialdedyde (MDA), serum lipid profile. Besides, we evaluated cognitive performance and the patients were genotyped to rs1050450, rs3877899 e rs7579 polymorphisms. Each Brazil nut provided 288.75µg of selenium. Among 31 enrolled participants, only 20 finished the study. No differences regarding selenium levels, GPx activity, ORAC and MDA levels were observed at baseline between groups. However, after treatment, we observed significant increase in selenium in plasma (290.6±74.6) and in erythrocyte (574.6±181.4) and in GPx activity (59.55±20.79) in treated group, unlike control group (47.48±11.70 selenium in plasma; 33.5±16.1 selenium in erythrocyte; 42.54±13.05 GPx activity). Although not significant, MDA level increased after 6 months in both groups and ORAC levels were not different across time. CERAD total score was not different across time between groups, however changes in verbal fluency and constructional praxis subtests across time were significantly more favorable on the supplemented group when compared with control group. The frequency of dominant genotypes for Pro198Leu, rs7579 and rs3877899 were 40%, 55% and 60%, respectively. We did not observe differences regarding to selenium ORAC and MDA levels and GPx activity among genotypes, however after linear regression analysis the presence of variant allele of Pro198Leu was associated with an increase of 0.613 SD in selenium plasma level at baseline. The effect of polymorphisms in response to Brazil nut intake was analysed in Brazil nut group, and we observed that sele nium and MDA levels were not affected by polymorphisms. However although GPx activity increased in all genotype groups, this was not significant in dominant genotype of rs7579 and variant genotypes of rs3877899. GPx1 and SePP expression was also different among groups across time: variant allele of Pro198Leu presented decreased expression of GPx1 while dominant homozygous presented increase of expression. We also observed that SePP expression was reduced in all genotypes, but his was more important in variant genotypes of Pro198Leu and rs7579 and in GG genotype of rs3877899. From these results, we can conclude that consumption of only one Brazil nut is enough to restore selenium status, and this may be positive effects on cognition performance. Furthermore we observed that Pro198Leu polymorphism may influence selenium nutritional status and GPx activity whereas rs7579 and rs3877899 polymorphisms did not have an effect on selenium metabolism after Brazil nut intake.
126

Imagem por tensor de difusão da substância branca aparentemente normal no comprometimento cognitivo leve e na doença de Alzheimer / Diffusion tensor imaging of normal-appearing white matter in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer disease

Martins, Sergilaine Pereira, 1965- 25 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Elizabeth Maria Aparecida Barasnevicius Quagliato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T22:29:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_SergilainePereira_D.pdf: 2688714 bytes, checksum: 50e69a64ddbe919094b642d6fcc2f77a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A ressonância magnética por tensor de difusão (DTI) proporciona aumento da sensibilidade para estudar a alterações na microestrutura da substância branca aparentemente normal (SBAN) in vivo e é especialmente indicada para estudar doenças que apresentam lesão axonal e desmielinização. No presente estudo, sugerimos a hipótese de que a neurodegeneração produz alterações microestruturais na SBAN de indivíduos com DA e CCL, especialmente em regiões específicas do cérebro. Foram estudados 71 participantes (21 com DA leve, 25 com CCL e 25 controles normais-CN) que foram recrutados de serviço médico neurológico em Campinas. Os indivíduos foram avaliados por um protocolo de avaliação clínica padronizada que incluiu: escala de depressão geriátrica (GDS), questionário de atividades funcionais (FAQ - Pfeffer), mini exame do estado mental (MEEM), teste de aprendizado auditivo-verbal de REY (RAVLT), testes de memória prospectiva (MP) (consulta e pertence) (subtestes do Teste de Memória Comportamental Rivermead), teste de fluência verbal (FV) (animais e FAS), teste desenho do relógio (TDR) e teste de nomeação de Boston (TNB). As imagens de RNM foram adquiridas usando um scanner MRT 1.5. A anisotropia fracionada (FA) e as difusividades axial (DAx) e radial (DRa) foram analisadas em regiões de interesse (ROI) alocados nos lobos frontal, parietal, temporal e occipital. FA, DAx e DRa foram calculadas para cada ROI. Em seguida, calculamos as médias de todas as seções para FA, DAx, e DRa para cada região da SBAN bilateralmente. Resultados: Nossos resultados mostraram que: (1) Comparado com CN, o grupo CCL demonstrou diminuição da FA no lobo frontal (parte do fórceps menor e do fascículo uncinado e coroa radiada), região importante para a memória episódica. (2) Na avaliação por análise de regressão múltipla, FA e DAx frontal, DAx temporal e parietal e FA occipital formaram um padrão de parâmetros associados ao maior risco para CCL e DA. (3) O estudo da acurácia revelou que a DTI da região frontal é a que apresenta maior sensibilidade e especificidade para identificar CCL. Em relação à DA, as variáveis FA frontal e temporal e DAx parietal apresentaram maior especificidade para identificar DA. (4) Não encontramos correlação robusta entre variáveis neuropsicológicas e de neuroimagem / Abstract: MRI technique, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), provides increased sensitivity to alterations in the microstructure of white matter in vivo and is especially indicative for diseases causing axonal damage and demyelination. In the present study, we hypothesized that neurodegeneration produces microstructural changes in the cerebral white matter of subjects with AD and MCI, especially in specific regions in the brain. We studied 71 participants (21 mild AD, 25 MCI, and 25 normal controls-NC) that were recruited from neurological medical service in Campinas. Subjects were evaluated by using a standardized clinical evaluation protocol, which included: Geriatric depression Scal (GDS), the functional activities questionnaire (FAQ-Pfeffer), mini-mental status examination (MMSE), Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), prospective memory (Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test), verbal fluency test (animal and FAS), clock drawing test and Boston naming test. MR images were acquired using a 1.5 T MR scanner. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial and radial diffusivities (DA and DR) were analyzed in regions of interest (ROIs) in frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. FA, DA, and DR were calculated for each ROI. Then the measures of FA, DA, and DR were averaged across all the sections of each white matter region bilaterally. Our results showed that: (1) Compared to NC, MCI group showed decreased FA in the frontal lobe (the minor forceps and the uncinate fasciculus, and corona radiata), important region to episodic memory. (2) The evaluation by multiple regression analysis, frontal FA and DA, temporal and parietal DA and occipital FA formed a pattern of parameters associated with increased risk for MCI and AD. (3) The accuracy revealed that the frontal area has the greatest sensitivity and specificity to identify MCI. Regarding the AD, the frontal FA and temporal and parietal DA have the greatest specificity for identifying AD. (4) We did not find correlation between neuropsychological and neuroimaging variables / Doutorado / Neurologia / Doutora em Ciências Médicas
127

Profil mírné kognitivní poruchy u pacientů po ischemické cévní mozkové příhodě. / Mild cognitive impairment after stroke

Jaremová, Vladěna January 2016 (has links)
The goal of this thesis was to describe cognitive profile of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients witch ischemic stroke (IST). The theoretical introduction focuses on IST, the concept of MCI, and neuropsychological test of cognitive deficits related to IST. The empirical part of the thesis describes the research results. 64 patients with various types of brain lesions after first-ever stroke were examined within 3-6 months after hospital admission. The cognitive performance was assessed across five cognitive domains: memory, attention, executive functions, visuospacial abilities, and language. All cognitive domains were impaired to the similar extend; the impairment quite severe, and ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 SD below the mean of the control group. The results showed that right hemisphere lesions were associated with visuospacial impairment whereas left hemisphere lesions were associated with language impairment. Also, it was examined which combination of tests differentiates best between patients from the experimental groups and the control group, and among individual experimental groups. It is necessary to develop and use sensitive and valid tests that can detect mild cognitive deficits in patients after ischemic stroke, which could be useful for rehabilitation planning. Keywords: mild...
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Změny paměti epizodického typu v průběhu stárnutí / Episodic-like memory changes during aging

Čechová, Kateřina January 2016 (has links)
The Diploma thesis is concerned with the human episodic-like memory and its changes during the course of healthy ageing. Episodic memory represents a memory of specific events and their spatiotemporal relations, involving conscious retrieval and mental time travel. As a testable analogy in animals, a concept of episodic-like memory has been suggested and defined as a memory of spatiotemporal location of a certain event in the past ("what-where-when"). Firstly, we focused on a methodological comparison of standard psychological tests of episodic memory and a novel non-verbal computer-based Episodic-Like Memory Test (EMT) with several variants of varying difficulty, capable of discerning the memory for pictures, their sequence and position (Vlček et al., 2009). The second goal of our study was to demonstrate the applicability of the concept of episodic-like memory ("what- where-when") as a model in the testing of human episodic memory. Compared with other tests of episodic memory, EMT test does not depend on the verbalization of content. Contrasting the results obtained from EMT and other standard tests was, therefore, of interest. The results from the EMT test were compared across three age cohorts (N = 58; young, middle-aged, aged) of healthy volunteers. In the spatial domain of episodic-like...
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Enhancing detection of those at-risk for dementia: a revised classification procedure for mild cognitive impairment

Vanderhill, Susan Diane 29 May 2009 (has links)
Evidence for the utility of the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) classification as a predictor of impending dementia in older adults is somewhat limited. Although individuals with MCI show elevated rates of conversion to dementia at the group level, heterogeneity of outcomes is common at the individual level. Using data from a prospective five-year longitudinal investigation of cognitive change in a sample of 262 healthy older adults aged 64 to 92 years, this study was designed to address key limitations in current MCI classification procedures which tend to rely on single occasion assessment (Traditional MCI) by evaluating an alternate operational definition of MCI requiring evidence of persistent cognitive impairment over multiple testing sessions (Persistent MCI), and four subsequent variations of this operational definition. It was hypothesized that: (1) prevalence of Traditional MCI would exceed prevalence of Persistent MCI across all variations in the operational definition, (2a) both the Traditional MCI and Persistent MCI groups would show lower levels of performance and greater decline in both cognitive and functional status over five years relative to Controls, (2b) the magnitude of these differences between those classified as Persistent MCI and Controls would exceed the magnitude of differences between those classified as Traditional MCI and Controls, and (3) the pattern of findings outlined in hypothesis 2 would persist under the four variations of the Traditional MCI and Persistent MCI inclusion criteria. Results were consistent with Hypothesis 1, and partially consistent with Hypotheses 2 and 3. In general, the Persistent MCI groups showed a lower mean baseline level of performance and a steeper trajectory of cognitive decline compared to the Control group and the Traditional MCI groups, although the sample-wide change in cognitive and functional status was small. There was some evidence that the variation of Persistent MCI classification which specified persistent memory impairment as an inclusion criteria achieved optimal prediction of cognitive and functional decline. Results are discussed with reference to retest effects, cognitive reserve, and clinical utility of the Persistent MCI concept for enhancing prediction of dementia in older adults.
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The Effects of Cognitive Training among Individuals with Neurodegenerative Diseases

Valdes, Elise Gabriela 07 June 2016 (has links)
With the growing older adult population, neurodegenerative diseases common in old age such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Parkinson’s disease (PD) are becoming increasingly germane areas of research. Pharmacological treatments have thus far been unsuccessful in treating cognitive decline associated with these neurodegenerative disorders. Alternative interventions, such as cognitive training programs, have shown promise. The current dissertation contains three papers examining cognitive interventions in neurodegenerative diseases. The first paper examined the longitudinal effects of cognitive speed of processing training (SPT) among those with PD. Results showed that training gains seen at initial post-test were maintained three months later. The second paper examined the effects of SPT among those with psychometrically-defined MCI and found small to medium effect sizes for improvements in everyday functional performance among those trained. The third paper examined the effects of auditory cognitive training among cognitively healthy older adults and those with psychometrically-defined MCI and found that effects may differ between those with and with MCI. Overall, these papers show that training effects can be maintained longitudinally and may potentially transfer to everyday functioning in those with neurodegenerative diseases. However, not all cognitive training programs show benefits in all areas, and individuals with differing cognitive statuses may benefit differentially from cognitive training. Future research should further explore the longitudinal effects of these training programs as well as the possibility of transfer to untrained abilities.

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