This dissertation engages in a critical analysis of the poetry of Emily Dickinson which, to me, suggests that the poet suffered from a type of manic-depression known specifically in psychiatric parlance as bipolar disorder. I argue that although Dickinson experienced much pain and suffering she learnt, through time, to address, understand and contain adversity - that ultimately, she transformed these experiences into the raw materials for poetic creation. Dickinson's poetic achievements are often obscured by a misunderstanding of her mental and emotional constitution. This thesis provides an alternative to the views of those commentators who maintain that Emily Dickinson was insane, neurotic or delusional. I intend, ultimately, to offer the reader a fresh insight into Emily Dickinson's poetry by reading it from the assumption that she suffered from bipolar disorder. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

This study situates the literary works of Amy Lowell, Djuna Barnes, H.D., and Gertrude Stein in a genealogy of American modernist war writing by women that disrupts and revises patriarchal war narrative. These authors take ownership of war and war-related trauma as subjects for women writers. Combining the theories of Dominick LaCapra, Judith Butler, Elaine Scarry, and Elizabeth Grosz with close readings of primary texts, I offer feminist analyses that account for trauma and real-world materiality in literary representations of female embodiment in wartime. This framework enables an interdisciplinary discussion that focuses on representations of war and trauma in conjunction with identity politics.I examine Lowell's poetry collection Men, Women and Ghosts (1916), Barnes's novel Nightwood (1936), H.D.'s poem Trilogy (1944-1946), and Stein's novel Mrs. Reynolds (1952). The chapters highlight the progressively feminist and personal ownership of war and trauma embedded in the texts. Lowell and Barnes begin the work of deconstructing gendered binary constructions and inserting women into war narrative, and H.D. and Stein continue this trajectory through cultivation of more pronounced depictions of women and their bodies in war narrative.The strategies are distinct and specific to each author, but there are common characteristics in their literary responses to World War I and World War II. Each author protests war: war is destructive for Lowell, perverse for Barnes, traumatic for H.D., and disruptive for Stein. Additionally, each author renders female bodies as sites of contested identity and as markers of presence in war narrative. The female bodies portrayed are often traumatized and marked by the ravages of war: bodily injury and psychological and emotional distress. H.D. and Stein envision strategies for resolving (if only partially) trauma, but Lowell and Barnes do not.This project recovers alternative war narratives by important American modernist women writers, expands the definition and canon of war literature, contributes new scholarship on works by the selected authors, and constructs an original critical framework. The ramifications of this study are an increased awareness of who was writing about war and the shape that responses to it took in avant-garde literature of the early twentieth century. / Department of English

En la medida en que la representación conlleva semánticamente la idea de adoptar un rol para hacer presente y dar voz a un personaje, la teoría literaria ha utilizado con frecuencia el concepto para referirse a la forma en que un escritor recurre a unos determinados roles a fin de distanciarse de su propio ser. Como sabemos, el término persona, etimológicamente, se refiere a: "máscara de actor", "personaje teatral" y "personalidad, persona". Por lo tanto, si ser persona es también adoptar una máscara para hacer presente y darle voz a la propia personalidad, ¿no podríamos aplicar también ese concepto a la forma en que los poetas adoptan, en el poema, unos papeles particulares para obtener visibilidad y ser escuchados? A mi me interesaba detenerme en la forma en que una mujer determinada construye un yo poético: cómo teje su representación literaria estableciendo una dialéctica entre el propio ser y la imagen que proyecta. Alejandra Pizarnik aludió en "Solo un nombre", al problema aquí planteado: "alejandra alejandra / debajo estoy yo / alejandra". Pizarnik parece aceptar el desdoblamiento entre el ser y el personaje, al hablarnos de Alejandra, debajo de la cual está yo, también Alejandra. Así, el nombre es la máscara de identidad (personaje, verdad literaria) y yo es intimidad (verdad subjetiva). Pero, ¿de qué forma ese yo ha creado, construido, un personaje poético que lo represente (hable de sí y de su espacio vivencial) en el contexto del poema configurado como escenario?, y ¿cómo es ese personaje poético?El propósito principal de esta tesis ha sido la indagación biográfica y el examen de textos autobiográficos en estrecha relación con las obras poéticas de cuatro autoras hispanoamericanas: María Eugenia Vaz Ferreira, Delmira Agustini, Alfonsina Storni y Julia de Burgos. A lo largo de la investigación de dicho proceso dialéctico (entre el propio ser y su representación) intervinieron múltiples factores, la mayoría enraizados en un imaginario que precede a estas autoras, es decir, heredado, que ellas adoptan, pero también matizan, invierten, subvierten o del que ironizan abiertamente: mitos, arquetipos, imágenes, figuras femeninas creadas por el imaginario tradicional. Pero más que desentrañar los roles conocidos a los que ellas acuden para definir su identidad, mi propósito era examinar sus capacidades de aventurar roles hasta entonces inéditos, contribuyendo decisivamente a la gestación de un nuevo imaginario de lo femenino, uno en pugna con el imaginario convencional reservado a las mujeres. Estas autoras representan un fiel testimonio de una época especialmente restrictiva con las mujeres y estrechamente relacionada a aquella "maquinaría simbólica", como la llama Pierre Bourdieu, que ha predeterminado lo femenino, algo también violento a un nivel psicológico y emocional, ya que muchos de esos símbolos/arquetipos/mitos/modelos femeninos patriarcales no son precisamente positivos: la identidad femenina ha estado adherida a un sinnúmero de imágenes especulares estrechamente dependientes de ideologías en la mayoría de las veces misóginas. Por lo tanto, me comprometí a estudiar a estas cuatro poetas considerándolas sobre todo como sujetos culturales, sujetos que sufren un confinamiento dentro de esa "maquinaria simbólica", situación que las lleva a reinventarse como sujetos en su poesía. / How does a poet represent herself in the context of a poem at a certain moment of her life, and why? What metamorphosis does the lyrical self goes through as she makes her poetic journey? Certain authors use traditional archetypes that typically belong to the masculine imagination, especially those poets writing at the beginning of the 20th century. Some express their desires and needs by tinging those archetypes with a new gaze; others by rejecting those archetypes and constructing new ways to represent themselves, therefore subverting tradition. According to various theories, the number of selves a subject can adopt is directly proportional to the number of contexts -predictable and unpredictable- he or she moves in: every space and circumstance implies a new or different record of the self. Therefore, the possibilities can be extensive and diverse. The question is: where does identity reside if the possible ways to be are unlimited? Some authors propose that it lives in each one's memory. With this in mind, I have studied the poetic works of four Spanish American poets: María Eugenia Vaz Ferreira, Delmira Agustini, Alfonsina Storni and Julia de Burgos. I have used autobiographical writings to examine their vital and cultural contexts and how those have influenced their construction of selves in the context of the poem. In other words, I have concentrated on identifying the different ways these poets are in the poem (who they are and how they fantasize, hate, love, desire, fight), and why they have adopted or subverted a certain myth, a cultural or historical reference, etc., to express themselves. Specific bibliography has helped me to embark on an extensive journey through traditional feminine archetypes, especially those that have dominated Western imaginarium. This way, I have been able to study the way these authors have created new proposals of the Feminine and also how these relate to the traditional Masculine.

The aim of this thesis is to show that Emily Dickinson was not concerned with the publication of her poems and she herself decided to withdraw from the outside world, a decisive event which contributed to the original production of her almost eighteen hundred poems and over eleven hundred letters. Emily Dickinson withdrew into her untouched private world – which here is called “the bubble” – and developed the contemplation process based on the approach of apprehending perceptions which resulted in the instant captions that have enchanted readers. Since her withdrawal was as a result of her own free choice and own writing and living conventions, she was able to be the craftsperson that enjoyed living and writing. Her perception of nature by taking instant captions of the observable natural objects is perfected by the process of contemplation developed in some of her poems. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study comes from the analysis of the complete edition of poems edited by Thomas H. Johnson, the letters edited by Mabel Loomis Todd, and the concept of Nature by Hans Georg Schenk. For the analyses of different issues related to Dickinson’s verses, withdrawal, and apprehension of perceptions, the works of the biographer Richard Benson Sewall and critics such as Albert Gelpi, Barton Levi Armand, Karl Keller, Sharon Cameron, among others, were consulted. This study aims to demonstrate that Emily Dickinson was not concerned with publication and her withdrawal within her bubble was a positive event for her life and poetry. Such conclusion might contribute to enlighten the knowledge about the life and work of such an amazing personage of American Literature and American society as Emily Dickinson has been so far.

Esta dissertação objetiva mostrar conseqüências ocorridas na prática do projeto residencial provenientes do “rompimento da caixa”. O trabalho investiga um conjunto de residências unifamiliares concebidas durante o século XX, selecionadas por possuírem uma característica comum: serem decorrentes do rompimento da composição univolumétrica iniciado a partir da arquitetura de Frank Lloyd Wright, que “destrói a caixa” compartimentada convencional sem abandonar a ortogonalidade de linhas. A partir do “rompimento da caixa” no início do século XX, foi produzida uma nova classe de elementos mais genéricos e abstratos. Com a arquitetura Neoplástica de Van Doesburg e de Rietveld em meados dos anos de 1920, o plano surge como um elemento de arquitetura na composição das formas. Na primeira parte, através de revisão bibliográfica, o trabalho aborda uma rápida trajetória de aspectos da composição, desde o código clássico até a revisão dos elementos de arquitetura na vanguarda moderna, abordando também os primórdios do Neoplasticismo. A pesquisa considerou a hipótese de que as residências investigadas sigam a lógica construtiva oriunda dessa corrente. Na segunda parte, através da investigação de características espaciais, formais e compositivas, foram agrupados em capítulos os resultados obtidos da verificação de projetos de cinco arquitetos selecionados: Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, Richard Neutra, Eduardo Souto de Moura e João Álvaro Rocha. / This dissertation shows the “destruction of the box” consequences in residential project. The work investigates a set of “single-family residences” projected in XX century. These houses were elected for presenting a common characteristic: to be decurrently of the “destruction of the box”, initiated from the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, who "destroys the conventional box" without abandoning the orthogonality of lines. From the "destruction of the box", in the beginning of century, a new class of elements was produced, more generic and abstract. With the Van Doesburg´s and Rietveld´s Neoplastic architecture (1920), the wall appears as an element in the composition of the forms. Firstly, with a bibliographical revision, the work approaches a fast trajectory in the composition, since the classical architecture, until the revision of elements in the modern vanguard, and approaches the beginning of the Neoplasticism. A research considered the hypothesis, where the investigated residences follow the constructive logic of the Neoplasticism. From there, through the inquiry of spaces characteristics, formal and compositive, the results had been grouped in chapters, gotten through the verification of projects of five selected architects: Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, Richard Neutra, Eduardo Souto de Moura and João Álvaro Rocha.

The aim of this thesis is to show that Emily Dickinson was not concerned with the publication of her poems and she herself decided to withdraw from the outside world, a decisive event which contributed to the original production of her almost eighteen hundred poems and over eleven hundred letters. Emily Dickinson withdrew into her untouched private world – which here is called “the bubble” – and developed the contemplation process based on the approach of apprehending perceptions which resulted in the instant captions that have enchanted readers. Since her withdrawal was as a result of her own free choice and own writing and living conventions, she was able to be the craftsperson that enjoyed living and writing. Her perception of nature by taking instant captions of the observable natural objects is perfected by the process of contemplation developed in some of her poems. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study comes from the analysis of the complete edition of poems edited by Thomas H. Johnson, the letters edited by Mabel Loomis Todd, and the concept of Nature by Hans Georg Schenk. For the analyses of different issues related to Dickinson’s verses, withdrawal, and apprehension of perceptions, the works of the biographer Richard Benson Sewall and critics such as Albert Gelpi, Barton Levi Armand, Karl Keller, Sharon Cameron, among others, were consulted. This study aims to demonstrate that Emily Dickinson was not concerned with publication and her withdrawal within her bubble was a positive event for her life and poetry. Such conclusion might contribute to enlighten the knowledge about the life and work of such an amazing personage of American Literature and American society as Emily Dickinson has been so far.

ix, 267 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / In English literary studies, classical epic poetry is typically regarded as a masculinist genre that imparts and reinforces the values of dominant culture. The Iliad , Odyssey , and Aeneid , after all, were written by men, feature male heroes, and recount the violent events that gave rise to the misogynistic societies of ancient Greece and Rome. Yet, in the twentieth century, women poets have found inspiration for their feminist projects in these ostensibly masculinist poems. The four poets in this study, for example, have drawn from the work of Homer and Virgil to criticize the ways that conventional conceptions of gender identity have impaired both men and women. One might expect, and indeed, most critics argue, that women like H.D., Gwendolyn Brooks, Louise Glück, and Anne Carson invoke their classical predecessors only to reject them and the repressive values that they represent. Close readings of these poets' work, however, demonstrate that, far from dismissing the ancient poems, Helen in Egypt , Annie Allen , Meadowlands , and Autobiography of Red are deeply invested in them, finding in them models for their own social critiques. The work of these four poets emphasizes that the classical epics are not one-dimensional celebrations of violence and traditional masculinity. Indeed, the work of Homer and Virgil expresses anxiety about the misogynistic values of the heroic code to which its warriors adhere, and it urges that war and violence are antithetical to civilized society. In examining the ways that modern women poets have drawn from these facets of the ancient works to condemn the sexism, racism, and heterocentrism of contemporary culture, my dissertation seeks to challenge the characterization of classical epic that prevails in English literary studies and to assert the necessity of understanding the complexity of the ancient texts that inspire modern poets. Taking an intertextual approach, I hope to show that close readings of the classical epics facilitate our understanding of how and why modern women have engaged the work of their ancient predecessors and that this knowledge, in turn, emphasizes that the epic genre is more complex than we have recognized and that its tradition still flourishes. / Committee in charge: Karen Ford, Chairperson, English; Paul Peppis, Member, English; Steven Shankman, Member, English; P. Lowell Bowditch, Outside Member, Classics

O grande tempo revela o potencial inesgotável da voz conceitual, ensaística, ficcional, a vitalidade inerente, que reitera e transcende o próprio contexto de produção, que reitera e transcende o próprio berço investigavo, sobre o qual concentra o teórico suas divagações filosófico-conceituais. Assim, neste estudo, regressa ao campo estético-literário, o visionário alcance dos pressupostos teóricos de Mikhail Bakhtin, uma vez inovadores no romance, agora, também, excêntricos no campo da poesia. Imbuídos dessa perspectiva, de tendência evolutiva e renovadora, através de uma releitura dos princípios bakhtinianos, da dialogia, da polifonia e dos gêneros discursivos, postos em diálogo com a renovação formal, deflagrada pelo Modernismo Brasileiro, observaremos, sobretudo, a percepção de características comuns que promovam, enfim, o feliz encontro entre a prosa e a poesia, na promoção das vozes do verso. Em seguida, ao centro da escuta, por intermédio de poetas e da própria poesia, o chamado da voz que se desprende da criação, para melhor poder avaliar os meandros da composição, ou, ainda, que, de dentro, reflete o próprio método, ou, ainda, que, totalmente de fora do ambiente criativo, na condição de crítico experimentado do texto literário, reflita acerca do trabalho da arte, do fazer poético, inspiração de todo-o-dia, impasse subjetivo, entre recusa e aceitação, o ‘eu-outro’ da escritura. Só, então, partiremos, aquecidos, para a escuta polifônica, em poesias representativas: vozes da rua, entre cantigas e risos, as nebulosas recordações d’ Evocação do Recife e Cunhantã, de Manuel Bandeira; vozes beirando ao asfalto, na relutância insistente, núcleo tenso e dramático d’O operário no mar, distensão vociferante de Caso do vestido, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade; vozes da roça, na fluidez da pedra, d´Morte e vida severina, de João Cabral de Melo Neto. Por fim, via abertura estética do Modernismo Brasileiro, sinalizaremos, com Mikhail Bakhtin, a legitimidade de um novo gênero literário, então nomeado ‘poesia polifônica’, núcleo tenso e dramático, a ressonância lírica da multidão que fala, clama e protesta, a voz poética, na vida, submersa! - Toc-toc, ao chamado do ‘outro’, o ‘eu’ do discurso, mais especificamente, Bakhtin, via Bandeira-Drummond-Cabral. / The great time reveals the inexhaustible potential of the conceptual, essayistic, and fictional voice, the inherent vitality, which reiterates and transcends the very context of production, which reifies and transcends the researcher's own cradle, on which the philosopher-centered theorist concentrates. Thus, in this study, he returns to the aestheticliterary field, the visionary reach of the theoretical presuppositions of Mikhail Bakhtin, once innovative in the novel, now, also, eccentric in poetry. Imbued with this perspective, with an evolutionary and renewing tendency, through a re-reading of Bakhtin's principles, dialogue, polyphony and discursive genres, put in dialogue with the formal renewal, triggered by Brazilian Modernism, we will observe above all the perception of common characteristics to promote, finally, the happy encounter between prose and poetry, in promoting the voices of verse. Then, to the center of listening, through poets and poetry itself, the call of the voice that comes from creation, in order to be able to better evaluate the intricacies of composition, or even, from within, reflects the method itself, who, totally outside the creative environment, as experienced critic of the literary text, reflects on the work of art, of poetic making, of all-day inspiration, of subjective impasse, between refusal and acceptance, the 'other-self 'of writing. Only then will we leave, heated, for polyphonic listening, in representative poetry: street voices, between songs and laughter, the nebulous memories of Manuel Bandeira, of Evocação do Recife and Cunhantã; voices bordering on the asphalt, in the insistent reluctance, tense and dramatic nucleus of the worker at sea, vociferous distension of the Caso do Vestido, by Carlos Drummond de Andrade; voices of the countryside, in the fluidity of the stone, of Morte e Vida Severina, by João Cabral de Melo Neto. Finally, through the aesthetic opening of Brazilian Modernism, we will signal, with Mikhail Bakhtin, the legitimacy of a new literary genre, then called 'polyphonic poetry', a tense and dramatic nucleus, the lyrical resonance of the multitude that speaks, cries out and protests, poetic, in life, submerged! - Toc-toc, to the call of the 'other', the 'I' of the speech, more specifically, Bakhtin, via Bandeira-Drummond- Cabral.

Esta dissertação objetiva mostrar conseqüências ocorridas na prática do projeto residencial provenientes do “rompimento da caixa”. O trabalho investiga um conjunto de residências unifamiliares concebidas durante o século XX, selecionadas por possuírem uma característica comum: serem decorrentes do rompimento da composição univolumétrica iniciado a partir da arquitetura de Frank Lloyd Wright, que “destrói a caixa” compartimentada convencional sem abandonar a ortogonalidade de linhas. A partir do “rompimento da caixa” no início do século XX, foi produzida uma nova classe de elementos mais genéricos e abstratos. Com a arquitetura Neoplástica de Van Doesburg e de Rietveld em meados dos anos de 1920, o plano surge como um elemento de arquitetura na composição das formas. Na primeira parte, através de revisão bibliográfica, o trabalho aborda uma rápida trajetória de aspectos da composição, desde o código clássico até a revisão dos elementos de arquitetura na vanguarda moderna, abordando também os primórdios do Neoplasticismo. A pesquisa considerou a hipótese de que as residências investigadas sigam a lógica construtiva oriunda dessa corrente. Na segunda parte, através da investigação de características espaciais, formais e compositivas, foram agrupados em capítulos os resultados obtidos da verificação de projetos de cinco arquitetos selecionados: Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, Richard Neutra, Eduardo Souto de Moura e João Álvaro Rocha. / This dissertation shows the “destruction of the box” consequences in residential project. The work investigates a set of “single-family residences” projected in XX century. These houses were elected for presenting a common characteristic: to be decurrently of the “destruction of the box”, initiated from the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, who "destroys the conventional box" without abandoning the orthogonality of lines. From the "destruction of the box", in the beginning of century, a new class of elements was produced, more generic and abstract. With the Van Doesburg´s and Rietveld´s Neoplastic architecture (1920), the wall appears as an element in the composition of the forms. Firstly, with a bibliographical revision, the work approaches a fast trajectory in the composition, since the classical architecture, until the revision of elements in the modern vanguard, and approaches the beginning of the Neoplasticism. A research considered the hypothesis, where the investigated residences follow the constructive logic of the Neoplasticism. From there, through the inquiry of spaces characteristics, formal and compositive, the results had been grouped in chapters, gotten through the verification of projects of five selected architects: Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, Richard Neutra, Eduardo Souto de Moura and João Álvaro Rocha.

O grande tempo revela o potencial inesgotável da voz conceitual, ensaística, ficcional, a vitalidade inerente, que reitera e transcende o próprio contexto de produção, que reitera e transcende o próprio berço investigavo, sobre o qual concentra o teórico suas divagações filosófico-conceituais. Assim, neste estudo, regressa ao campo estético-literário, o visionário alcance dos pressupostos teóricos de Mikhail Bakhtin, uma vez inovadores no romance, agora, também, excêntricos no campo da poesia. Imbuídos dessa perspectiva, de tendência evolutiva e renovadora, através de uma releitura dos princípios bakhtinianos, da dialogia, da polifonia e dos gêneros discursivos, postos em diálogo com a renovação formal, deflagrada pelo Modernismo Brasileiro, observaremos, sobretudo, a percepção de características comuns que promovam, enfim, o feliz encontro entre a prosa e a poesia, na promoção das vozes do verso. Em seguida, ao centro da escuta, por intermédio de poetas e da própria poesia, o chamado da voz que se desprende da criação, para melhor poder avaliar os meandros da composição, ou, ainda, que, de dentro, reflete o próprio método, ou, ainda, que, totalmente de fora do ambiente criativo, na condição de crítico experimentado do texto literário, reflita acerca do trabalho da arte, do fazer poético, inspiração de todo-o-dia, impasse subjetivo, entre recusa e aceitação, o ‘eu-outro’ da escritura. Só, então, partiremos, aquecidos, para a escuta polifônica, em poesias representativas: vozes da rua, entre cantigas e risos, as nebulosas recordações d’ Evocação do Recife e Cunhantã, de Manuel Bandeira; vozes beirando ao asfalto, na relutância insistente, núcleo tenso e dramático d’O operário no mar, distensão vociferante de Caso do vestido, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade; vozes da roça, na fluidez da pedra, d´Morte e vida severina, de João Cabral de Melo Neto. Por fim, via abertura estética do Modernismo Brasileiro, sinalizaremos, com Mikhail Bakhtin, a legitimidade de um novo gênero literário, então nomeado ‘poesia polifônica’, núcleo tenso e dramático, a ressonância lírica da multidão que fala, clama e protesta, a voz poética, na vida, submersa! - Toc-toc, ao chamado do ‘outro’, o ‘eu’ do discurso, mais especificamente, Bakhtin, via Bandeira-Drummond-Cabral. / The great time reveals the inexhaustible potential of the conceptual, essayistic, and fictional voice, the inherent vitality, which reiterates and transcends the very context of production, which reifies and transcends the researcher's own cradle, on which the philosopher-centered theorist concentrates. Thus, in this study, he returns to the aestheticliterary field, the visionary reach of the theoretical presuppositions of Mikhail Bakhtin, once innovative in the novel, now, also, eccentric in poetry. Imbued with this perspective, with an evolutionary and renewing tendency, through a re-reading of Bakhtin's principles, dialogue, polyphony and discursive genres, put in dialogue with the formal renewal, triggered by Brazilian Modernism, we will observe above all the perception of common characteristics to promote, finally, the happy encounter between prose and poetry, in promoting the voices of verse. Then, to the center of listening, through poets and poetry itself, the call of the voice that comes from creation, in order to be able to better evaluate the intricacies of composition, or even, from within, reflects the method itself, who, totally outside the creative environment, as experienced critic of the literary text, reflects on the work of art, of poetic making, of all-day inspiration, of subjective impasse, between refusal and acceptance, the 'other-self 'of writing. Only then will we leave, heated, for polyphonic listening, in representative poetry: street voices, between songs and laughter, the nebulous memories of Manuel Bandeira, of Evocação do Recife and Cunhantã; voices bordering on the asphalt, in the insistent reluctance, tense and dramatic nucleus of the worker at sea, vociferous distension of the Caso do Vestido, by Carlos Drummond de Andrade; voices of the countryside, in the fluidity of the stone, of Morte e Vida Severina, by João Cabral de Melo Neto. Finally, through the aesthetic opening of Brazilian Modernism, we will signal, with Mikhail Bakhtin, the legitimacy of a new literary genre, then called 'polyphonic poetry', a tense and dramatic nucleus, the lyrical resonance of the multitude that speaks, cries out and protests, poetic, in life, submerged! - Toc-toc, to the call of the 'other', the 'I' of the speech, more specifically, Bakhtin, via Bandeira-Drummond- Cabral.