Resumo: O trabalho toma como fontes documentais os livros "Ensaio de uma teoria da Administração Escolar", de José Querino Ribeiro, e "Organização e Administração Escolar", de Manoel Bergström Lourenço Filho. Através dessas fontes, analisa-se a teoria de Administração Escolar produzida no Brasil, entre 1952 e 1963, objeto de estudo da pesquisa. A partir das datas de publicação dos livros referidos, o recorte histórico é delimitado entre 1930 e 1960. As três referências bibliográficas da área de Administração Escolar, comuns em ambos os livros, possibilitaram a investigação das raízes de modelos teóricos (racional/burocrático, de sistema social, político e anárquico) apresentados na obra "A Escola como Organização e a Participação na Organização Escolar", de Licínio C. Lima, utilizada como referência teórica. Os três trabalhos identificados, escritos em língua inglesa, foram: "Public School Administration", de Ellwood Cubberley; "School Administration. Its Development, Principles and Function in the United States", de Arthur B. Moehlman; e "The Nature of the Administrative Process. With Special Reference to Public School Administration", de Jesse B. Sears. A partir desse referencial teórico e metodológico, a pesquisa ensaiou uma abordagem sociológica na análise dos dados, apontando para a necessidade de um aprofundamento na área da Sociologia da Ciência. A tese defendida é a de que havia, nos anos de 1930, uma concepção de ciência que possibilitou a constituição inicial do campo de estudos da Administração Escolar. Nos anos de 1950, condições e processos de produção científicos diferenciados permitiram identificar as raízes dos modelos teóricos, constituindo-se como instrumentos analíticos. / Abstract: The doctoral dissertation has as sources the books "Ensaio de uma teoria da Administração Escolar", by José Querino Ribeiro and "Organização e Administração Escolar", by Manoel Bergström Lourenço Filho. Through those sources the school administration theory produced in Brazil between 1952 and 1963, the study object of the research, is analyzed. From the referred books publishing dates the research historical period of analysis is limited between 1930 and 1960. The three bibliographical references on school administration, common in both books, made it possible to investigate the roots of potential theoretical models (rational/bureaucratic, social system, political and anarchical) presented in the book "A Escola como Organização e a Participação na Organização Escolar", by Licínio C. Lima, used as theoretical reference on the subject. The three pieces of work identified, written in English, were: "Public School Administration", by Ellwood Cubberley; "School Administration. Its Development, Principles and Function in the United States", by Arthur B. Moehlman; and "The Nature of the Administrative Process. With Special Reference to Public School Administration", by Jesse B. Sears. The thesis defended is that there was, in the 1930's, a conception of science that permitted the initial constitution for School Administration studies. In the 1950's scientifically differentiated production conditions and processes made it possible to identify the roots of the theoretical models getting shaped as analytical instruments. / Orientador: Lourdes Marcelino Machado / Coorientador: Licínio C. Lima / Banca: Benno Sander / Banca: João Gualberto de Carvalho Meneses / Banca: Maria Sylvia Simões Bueno / Banca: Paschoal Quaglio / Doutor

Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Estudios Latinoamericanos / Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento. / La presente Tesis, para optar al grado de Doctor en Estudios Latinoamericanos, titulada: “Relatos visuales de alteridad en el área centro-sur andina. La fotografía etnográfica de Alfred Métraux entre los Chipaya (1930-1931)” tiene como objetivo constatar las capacidades discursivas de las etnografías visuales en tres niveles de sentido, que nos permitirán comprender ¿qué dicen? ¿cómo lo dicen? y ¿cómo adquieren valor estas imágenes?, en relación a los modos de producción y circulación de un artefacto polisémico. Constatación que se realizará a través de la identificación y análisis de un conjunto fotográfico compuesto por 245 imágenes tomadas por el etnólogo Alfred Métraux en la puna salada de los Carangas, en los Andes Meridionales; y que forman parte de la "Colección Nº 24 Alfred Métraux" existente en el archivo iconográfico del Museo del quai Branly (París). Para lo anterior, se elaboró una metodología nómada capaz de abordar a la fotografía etnográfica en su complejidad material -gran volumen de fotografías- y de contenido -carácter polisémico de la imagen-. Un método que hemos denominado -siguiendo a otros autores- "etnografía en/de archivos" por su flexibilidad para adaptarse al trabajo investigativo en archivos y sobre archivos. Los resultados, sustentados en una reflexión teórica sobre la representación, la fotografía y la otredad, junto a una breve biografía del autor, la compilación de los principales antecedentes representacionales para la zona, la revisión de las publicaciones del autor, el historial de la Colección y el estudio material de las fotografías en el Museo del quai Branly, entre otros antecedentes, nos permiten afirmar que la fotografía etnográfica de Alfred Métraux entre los Chipaya (1930- 1931) son "descripciones densas", relatos visuales de una alteridad que participó activamente en la producción de las imágenes; rompiendo el imaginario indígena para los Andes Meridional. Confirmando nuestra hipótesis sobre las capacidades discursivas de estos conjuntos visuales producidos por los modernos etnógrafos de principios del siglo XX, y que hoy permanecen olvidados en diversos archivos.

Both development and post-structuralist anthropologists have critiqued development. Development anthropologists are concerned that development does not take adequate account of the social and cultural factors of developing nations, while post structuralists question the ontology of development and assert that domination over developing nations is inherent in the concept of development. To examine the social effects of development projects I conducted ethnographic research for a nine-week period on social relations at Sagana Fish Farm, located two kilometers from Sagana Township in the Kirinyaga District of the Central Province of Kenya. (The population of Sagana Township is approximately 5,885 people.) I obtained thirty-one semi-structured interviews, also relying on participant observation and informal interviews with civil servants (permanent employees) and casual laborers (temporary employees). I analyzed information obtained during interviews and participant observation within the context of power and resistance theory. Civil servants tended to value the presence of development projects because projects made structural enhancements and renovations to the fish farm. Development projects presented civil servants the possibility for skills development and additional income to fish farm employees and created temporary employment for individuals from neighboring communities. Civil servants stated that an inexpensive source of protein was available in the form of fish, chicken, and milk as a result of the work of development organizations. However, they also expressed concerns regarding the sustainability of development projects due to tension between expatriate development project workers and fish farm employees, inadequate information sharing and technology transfer, and financial and human resource mismanagement in the Kenya civil service. Casual laborers discussed the possibility of skills development through their work with development projects at the fish farm and expressed concern about their employment conditions. They were concerned about low wages in contrast with the intensity of their labor; insecure terms of employment; an absence of protective equipment at their work site; health and medical issues; and the availability of treated drinking water. Other concerns were associated with dignity, tribalism, and a fear of power of expatriate development workers and Kenyan civil service officers. Based on the above findings I made the following recommendations were made: implement cultural sensitivity training for expatriate development workers; develop project plans that foster a sense of investment in project operations; provide discounted fish to casual laborers; improve the work conditions of casual laborers; establish a health clinic; and provide informal loans to facilitate technology transfer. / Graduation date: 1999

The emplacement of Soviet missiles in Cuba in October of 1962 and the American response to this action thrust the world into its first major nuclear crisis. Because this American-Soviet confrontation seemed to propel the antagonists to the brink of nuclear holocaust, at least in appearance if not also in fact, a vast amount of history has been written on this brief but crucial episode in the Cold War. The purpose of this study is to examine the development of the various historiographical perspectives of the Cuban missile crisis.The traditionalists view President John F. Kennedy as responding by necessity to a Soviet threat to alter the balance of power via the Russian missiles in Cuba. The American response in the form of a quarantine was superb as President Kennedy successfully terminated the crisis by compelling Nikita S. Khrushchev-to withdraw the Soviet missiles from Cuba. The traditionalists praise the President for his exceptional skills in crisis management and for his superb leadership which ultimately resulted in a victory for America as a period of detente ensued between the United States and the Soviet Union.The right wing revisionists accuse President Kennedy encounters with the Soviet Union. They also accuse the President of seeking conciliation with the Russians during the crisis rather than seeking a military victory in the confrontation. According to the right wing perspective, the President suffered a defeat .in the aftermath of the crisis, for his policy of accommodation allowed Castro to continue his dictatorship over Cuba and permitted communism to become entrenched firmly in the Western Hemisphere.The left wing revisionists accuse President Kennedy of rejecting a diplomatic approach to the crisis and initiating the confrontation. For the sake of personal prestige and political expediency, the President arbitrarily transformed an international political problem into an international military crisis. According to the left wing perspective, the aftermath of the crisis instilled in Americans an arrogance of power and resulted in the advancement of the nuclear arms race.The Sovietologists' perspective differs from the other interpretations in that it neither praises nor condemns President Kennedy. The Sovietologists are concerned primarily with the Soviet motives for emplacing missiles in Cuba and for eventually withdrawing them. The Sovietologists ascribe multiple motives to the Russians for their decisions both to of contributing to the instigation his ineptness and lack of decisive of the crisis situation by leadership in previousemplace and to withdraw the missiles in Cuba.The concluding interpretation accuses both Khrushchey and Kennedy of initially acting irresponsibly, the former creating a situation subject to crisis and the latter by creating a needless confrontation. Once the crisis was initiated, the two leaders generally behaved responsibly and cautiously as they attempted to control the crisis. Yet, despite the efforts of Khrushchev and Kennedy, the nuclear confrontation was terminated successfully without armed conflict or catastrophic consequences as much by fortune as by human design.

Between Involvement and Detachment takes grasp with the Johnson administration's (1963-1969) perceptions of and responses to the Western European realignments. Arguing that the Johnson administration set out to maintain the American unilateralist position in the transatlantic relation, not just as a function of America's position as a superpower, but also as a function of certain historically based Euro-skepticism, the thesis suggests that America's Western European policy can be seen on a continuum of involvement and detachment. Based on archival research, the thesis concludes, that these policies, essentially, were detached as America rejected the European reason of state. The Western European realignments were recorded in the Johnson administration with de Gaulle's critique of US hegemony in Western Europe in the early 1960s. The thesis argues that the administration to a large extent had a traditional reading of de Gaulle's policies, and feared that if Gaullist thinking spread among the European allies, it would merit to a return to traditional European power politics. The analysis shows that, by 1964 the administration believed, according to this study, that NATO's principle of integration stood between the current 'balanced' Western Europe and the Europe of the pre-War period. In addition the administration held the opinion that the German problem and the Western European détente tampered with the US unilateralism in its relations with the Soviet Union, and its position as the leader of the Western world. De Gaulle's withdrawal from NATO's integrated command in 1966, and the subsequent British and Belgian calls for a reform of the alliance and a détente with East, contributed to the administration's fear of alliance disintegration and return to European power politics. The thesis argues that the Department of State attempted a 'political bargain', with which the allies would be given political consultation and a détente in return for re-commitment to integration, whereas the Acheson Committee proposed a détente and deterrence formula in NATO to the overcome this perceived alliance disintegration. Thus the US proposed the Harmel formula before Harmel. In general, the developments in Western Europe put the Johnson administration in a state of alarm, and the European allies therefore had a larger impact on America's policies, except in the essentially detached nuclear policy, which the administration maintained. Despite changed circumstances, the Nixon administration's relation with and perceptions of the European allies largely resemble the traditionalist view of the Johnson administration.

Ce mémoire a pour sujet la démarche artistique de François Girard, plus précisément son plus récent long-métrage, Silk, sorti en 2007. Cette coproduction internationale a été le lieu de multiples et fructueuses rencontres interculturelles et le film traduit une importante réflexion sur l'altérité, l'interculturalité et, ultimement, l'intermédialité. Nous nous intéressons donc à la manière dont le réalisateur intègre dans son art et dans son film l'apport culturel de l'Autre afin de réfléchir sur les rapports entre Orient et Occident. Pour réaliser ce film, il s'est notamment inspiré de la peinture sinojaponaise et de la poétique du haïku: la forme même du film fait écho à l'histoire transculturelle d'Hervé Joncour. En plus d'être caractérisé par la mise en contact de plusieurs cultures, le projet de Girard, en tant qu'adaptation cinématographique, s'appuie sur un autre rapport d'altérité, c'est-à-dire la différence entre deux démarches artistiques et deux médias distincts. En effet, le réalisateur s'est réapproprié le roman d'Alessandro Barrico intitulé Seta, en tâchant de réconcilier sa liberté créatrice et sa volonté d'être « fidèle» au texte écrit. Dans le but de montrer combien il est réducteur de juger de la qualité d'une telle adaptation uniquement en fonction d'un critère de fidélité, nous nous attardons au travail de (ré)écriture de Girard. Il est un artiste qui prône, à travers son oeuvre, non seulement la fusion entre les arts, mais aussi le dialogue entre les cultures. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : François Girard, Silk, altérité, adaptation cinématographique, réécriture, transferts culturels, (néo) japonisme

Ce mémoire vise à étudier l'expression de la révolte dans les écrits intimes et dans The Bell Jar, le roman autobiographique de Sylvia Plath. Son Journal (2000), tenu de 1950 à 1957 et paru en édition non abrégée, regroupe les pensées et impressions les plus personnelles de l'auteure, à la fois sur sa vie quotidienne et sur la société dans laquelle elle vit. Plath s'y élève contre le mariage, le pouvoir de l'homme sur la femme, les attentes nourries à l'égard de cette dernière, mais avoue aussi ses craintes par rapport à la maternité et la vie domestique, et s'interroge sur la possibilité de créer, pour la femme, dans une société patriarcale. Son roman autobiographique, The Bell Jar, paru en 1963 sous le pseudonyme de Victoria Lucas, fait le récit de la tentative de suicide de Plath. Il s'inscrit dans la suite du Journal et présente un personnage principal qui se révolte contre l'ordre établi et exprime des opinions connexes à celles de l'auteure. L'étude des années cinquante américaines, époque où se déroulent les événements du roman, ainsi que la place de la femme et de la création dans cette décennie ouvrira le mémoire. Ensuite, c'est à l'étude du Journal de Plath qu'on se consacrera, en analysant le ton et les propos de ses écrits intimes et la place qu'y tiennent les ambitions littéraires de l'auteure. Pour finir, la forme composite du roman The Bell Jar (qui est un amalgame du roman autobiographique, du Bildungsroman et du roman confessionnel) sera étudiée, ainsi que son contenu. Il sera prouvé que le personnage d'Esther Greenwood se rebelle dans un univers mis en scène par l'auteure dans le but de stimuler et d'exacerber sa révolte. Il sera donc montré que le Journal a servi à étayer le point de vue offert dans le roman, mais aussi que les deux formes littéraires utilisées par l'auteure, le journal intime et le roman, ont des rôles complémentaires - le premier permettant à l'auteure d'affirmer ce qu'elle désire sans peur de représailles, et le second présentant la même chose par le biais d'un personnage autre que l'auteure, mais porteur des mêmes opinions. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Sylvia Plath, The Bell Jar, journal intime, autobiographie, révolte, écriture au féminin.

Tracey Emin est une figure singulière du monde de l'art londonien de par sa présence marquée autant dans le monde de l'art contemporain que dans les médias de masse. Les discours de l'artiste tendent à opérer un brouillage entre son œuvre et sa vie personnelle en se fondant sur une authenticité mis en avant par Emin elle-même. Elle se constitue ainsi une identité d'artiste femme en récupérant des stéréotypes attribués aux artistes. Toutefois, il ne peut être question de la véracité de l'authenticité d'Emin, puisque celle-ci est invérifiable. C'est pourquoi ce mémoire s'attarde plutôt sur le succès des actes et des discours d'Emin dans l'instauration de son statut d'artiste. Pour ce faire, le concept de performativité tel que développé par Judith Butler et les écrits de Foucault sur la parrhesia servent d'outils d'analyse afin de déterminer comment Emin parvient à se créer cette identité d'artiste femme tout en se faisant accepter comme telle par la plupart des spectateurs. Ce mémoire se penche sur les transformations dans les moyens employés par Emin afin de faire fonctionner son identité d'artiste. Ainsi, à travers l'analyse de l'œuvre The Exorcism of the Last Painting I Ever Made de 1996, il est question de la manière dont Emin doit se mettre en scène comme artiste à travers ses œuvres afin de se distinguer dans le monde de l'art étant donné son anonymat relatif à l'époque. La série de scandales qui éclate à la fin des années 1990 sert ensuite à démontrer comment, à travers une accession soudaine à la célébrité, Emin doit adapter ses discours à sa visibilité soudaine. Emin parvient finalement à maintenir sa visibilité au cours des années 2000 et l'examen de sa chronique hebdomadaire « My Life in a Column », publiée dans le journal The Independent, démontre comment Emin consolide son identité d'artiste en prenant le lecteur à témoin de ses aléas quotidiens. Le succès des diverses stratégies exploitées par Emin permet d'affirmer que sa pratique comporte une dimension politique insoupçonnée, puisqu'elle parvient à faire admettre des comportements habituellement jugés inadmissibles par le public. Ainsi, la performativité chez Emin opère une déstabilisation des normes qui forment son identité à la fois comme femme et comme artiste. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Tracey Emin, discours sur l'art, femme artiste, stéréotypes attachés à l'artiste, performativité.

Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 2007

ABSTRACT C. S. LEWIS’ CONCEPT OF SEHNSUCHT: PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS, AESTHETIC ANALYSIS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR EVANGELISM AND APOLOGETICS Matthew David Crawford, Ph.D. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2015 Chair: Dr. Mark T. Coppenger C. S. Lewis’ concept of Sehnsucht as inconsolable longing for beauty holds much promise for Christian aesthetics, evangelism, and apologetics. In his autobiography, Surprised by Joy, and many of his other works, Lewis shows how desire for beauty can draw individuals toward God. This dissertation fully develops Lewis’ concept of Sehnsucht within the framework of his life story as well as his writings. The dissertation then explores the corroboration of Lewis’ concept within both Christian and secular philosophical contexts. Once this foundation has been laid, the potential of Sehnsucht for opening hearts to the gospel of Christ and overcoming objections to faith in Him is outlined. Finally, the dissertation aesthetically analyzes specific films and pieces of music in search of common elements that may evoke Sehnsucht, as well as elements that may prevent it from being experienced.