The disengagement of young people from community participation is a debate that pervades the literature and is a concern for UK policing whose strategic aim is to secure the efficient and effective engagement of young people in an operational landscape that is shaped by austerity. Digital and Social Media is seen as offering immense potential to deliver enhanced participation at a fraction of the cost of traditional engagement, but there is a distinct lack of empirical research associated with the police use of digital and social media to engage young people. The aim of this research is to allow young people to shape the way Nottinghamshire Police engage with them via digital and social media. To this end, a 40-point engagement framework based on the principles of ‘Quid Pro Quo’ reciprocal engagement is offered as the product of this youthful insight. The theoretical positioning of the research is within the Interpretivist paradigm and social control theory and procedural justice theory justify why engaging young people is so important to the survival of the British style of policing. A qualitative methodology frames the research design, which includes the use of the semi-structured interview and four focus groups involving young people. The thesis suggests that young people are not disinterested, lackadaisical or apathetic when it comes to police engagement, they are simply disconnected from the police engagement framework, which appears to have failed historically to understand how and why young people wish to participate in policing. Whilst participants felt that Nottinghamshire Police’s digital offer is suitable for young people, it is concluded that digital and social media is not the ‘Holy Grail’ or indeed the panacea for police engagement and therefore young people may not yet be ready to accept such technology and swap physical visibility and accessibility for their virtual counterparts.

The aim of the article is to discuss the main problems in land-development activity. The study focuses on land acquisition problem. In the article we describe possible implications of difference between real estate market and investment value, and enumerate major sources of investment risk. (author´s abstract) / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

To date nothing is known about the attitudes of South Asian men in the UK toward women and domestic violence. Issues related to South Asian men and communities have remained largely under the surface due to religious and cultural sensitivity. The aim of the research is to examine the attitudes of South Asian men in London and the South East of England toward women and their understanding and justification of domestic violence. More specifically, the research explores a range of cultural and religious actions and behaviours in relation to women and domestic violence that have specific reference and are pertinent to South Asian communities. This includes a focus on: educational and employment attainment; domestic labour/household duties; type of and freedom to choose clothes worn; living away from home; relationships before marriage; marriage; divorce; and domestic violence. The research applies an intersectional gender perspective as the key analytical concept to undertake the first dedicated multi-methodological study to explore South Asian men’s attitudes across a range of cultural and religious issues. It provides a baseline for understanding South Asian men’s perspectives, enabling policy and practice to tailor interventions to better assist South Asian women and engage in prevention. The first stage of the research consisted of piloting and constructing a new survey instrument; the South Asian Attitudes Toward Women and Domestic Violence Scale (SAATWDVS). South Asian men were approached in a range of locations to obtain diversity across socio-demographics such as age, ethnicity, religious affiliation, and country of birth or migration, and asked to complete the SAATWDVS survey instrument. The sample is 190 South Asian men. The second stage comprised nine in-depth face-to-face interviews with South Asian men to explore the issues in more depth. Concepts such as masculinity, tradition, culture, religion, and honour were explored. The findings show that whilst the majority of men held liberal attitudes, they were still setting the parameters of appropriate female behaviour. There appeared to be a difference, albeit small, between the public and private sphere. Where behaviour was deemed to be unacceptable this was often framed within concerns for the protection and well-being of women. Gender and gender relations are not static but evolving and becoming more progressive within the UK’s South Asian community. Men’s attitudes are understood as located in a complex interplay of factors: gender socialisation; religion; ethnic origin and country of birth; traditions; cultures; family/upbringing; the role of female family members; education; and interactions with female peers.

For a long time, the construction industry has lagged behind in the field of digitalization. It is about time for the industry to find new tools to be able to deliver a higher standard of quality assurance. This report is concerned with the application BIM 360 Field, which is a cloud based IT-tool and can be used by anyone on the construction site. The application has multiple areas of usage, including deviation handling, self-monitoring, QR-code, inspection and completion plans.The purpose of the study is to examine how effective BIM 360 Field is compared to the industry’s traditional way of handling deviations. This degree project is written in cooperation with Skanska Sverige AB and the project “J-huset” in Uppsala. The purpose is further to examine if BIM 360 Field can be applied and used for the inspection of “J-huset”.The study has been carried out through interviews with the production management on various projects. Interviews, as well as an introduction to the application, have been carried out with proficient staff from Skanska. A field study has been undertaken on the “J-huset” in Uppsala for the purpose of gaining a personal opinion as well as knowledge of the application.The result gained from the study is that BIM 360 Field has great potential for saving time during the construction process. From the interviews with production management, who used BIM 360 Field during production, some issues have been identified with the application.The conclusion in this study is that the BIM 360 Field is applicable to the “J-Huset” in Uppsala. The program is user friendly and has great potential to streamline work on quality assurance in production. In order to achieve a successful result, it is recommended to use the program at an early stage and throughout the production

Policing in Europe has become more complex, due to the nature of organised crime being more and more trans-national and a growing Europeanization in policing as a result of the creation of European agencies like Europol and Eurojust taking over activities which before the Lisbon Treaty remained within the sole responsibility of single Member State. Informal law enforcement cooperation between Member States is being transferred into formalised cooperation by European agencies with a specific mandate and specific powers. This development also requires a mechanism to streamline national and European law enforcement priorities. In 2005 the United Kingdom proposed the European Criminal Intelligence Model (ECIM) as the tool to achieve this task. In general terms the ECIM is based on the principles stemming from the concept of intelligence-led-policing as proposed by Ratcliffe (2005). However, until today the implementation of the ECIM is not finalised. This dissertation will address the conditions for such a model to be successful, especially with regard to the operationalisation of strategic findings at EU level within a national or trans-national setting. In this regard, the question of the meaning of ‘intelligence’ for the ECIM is examined, especially taking into account that the concept of ‘intelligence’ in law enforcement still is a rather new discipline. In addition, this thesis will discuss the societal framework in which the ECIM is to be deployed with a focus on the respective consequences if our society has changed from modern to a postmodern society. In relation to the ECIM a reflection on this aspect is of crucial importance as a shift in the societal paradigm would also question the value of a ‘grand narrative’ like the ECIM, a single, monolithic tool that would be able to address the problems in tackling trans-national organised crime as if made from one piece in a European context which is defined by diversity.

Aligning leadership behaviour to organisational values is critically important in ensuring the sustainable success of organisations. In today's fast changing world, executives are under an enormous amount of pressure to manage fierce competition and less predictability in an environment where excellence is significantly more difficult to achieve. Organisational values are the one constant in businesses today. In spite of the challenges that leaders face on a daily basis, they can increase their chance of success by ensuring that the organisational values are entrenched within the organisation. This research is focused on determining whether group coaching can have a positive impact on aligning leadership behaviour to organisational values, whether coaching can increase self-awareness and whether self-awareness correlates to an increase in the alignment of leadership behaviour to organisational values. The degree that leadership behaviour is aligned to organisational values will be assessed through 360-degree feedback assessments. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

I denna rapport utforskas möjligheterna med BIM-modeller som finns på dagens byggarbetsplatser.  Trots att BIM erbjuder effektivare lösningar inom områden som bland annat visualisering, samordning och kvalitetsarbete, är det få projekt som aktivt använder sig av BIM på byggarbetsplatsen. Den här rapporten syftar till att belysa potentialen med BIM under produktionsfasen samt analysera svårigheter som finns, då produktionspersonal vill använda sig av BIM-modellen. Det långsiktiga målet med rapporten är att främja framtida användning av BIM i produktionsfasen. I arbetet produktionsanpassas delar av BIM-modellen för Skanskas och Vasakronans samverkansprojekt Klara C till att den kan användas ifrån en handhållen enhet. Genom att visa praktiska tillämpningar, med verktyg och BIM-modeller som finns tillgängliga idag, synliggörs möjligheter med BIM i byggproduktionen. För att ha möjlighet att påverka kvalitet och format på den BIM-modell, vilken ändå uppförs vid projekteringen, är det av stor vikt att tidigt beakta vilka effekter ett aktivt användande av BIM har i produktionsfasen. Slutsatsen sammanfattas i ett antal frågeställningar som planerande personal bör ha i åtanke, detta för att främja en utvecklande och värdeskapande användning av BIM även ute på byggarbetsplatsen. Vilken nytta tillför modellen i det specifika projektet? Ex. Samordning, tidsplanering eller visualisering. Hur ska modellen användas av produktionspersonalen? Ex. Vilken enhet (Surfplatta/PC) Vilka krav ställs då på BIM-modellen? Ex. Detaljeringsnivå, parametrar. Vad krävs av arbets- och informationsflöden? Ex. Format på leverans av modell/modeller. Är tillämpningen anpassad till användaren? Ex. Behövs det ytterligare stöd i form av kortare utbildningar eller kurser? / This thesis explores the potential of the BIM-models available at today's construction sites. There are few projects that actively use BIM on the construction sites, despite the fact that BIM offers efficient solutions in areas such as visualization, coordination and quality control. This report aims to highlight the potential of BIM during the production phase and to analyze the difficulties that exist when production staff wants to use the BIM model. The long term goal of this report is to promote use of BIM in the production phase. In this report, parts of the BIM-model of Skanska and Vasakronan collaborative project Klara C, is adapted so that it can be used from a handheld device. Positive effects from active use of BIM-models are shown with the tools and BIM-models that are available today. In order to influence the quality and setup of the BIM-model, which is produced during the design stage, it is of great importance that all potential applications of the model is taken in to account. The conclusion is summarized in a number of questions that planning staff should keep in mind in order to promote value-adding use of BIM. What benefits does the model bring the specific project? E.g. Coordination, time planning or visualization. How will the model be used by the staff? E.g. What kind of unit? (E.g. Tablet or PC) What is required from the model? E.g. Level of detailing, parameters. What work- and information flows are required? E.g. How is the model/models updated and delivered. Is the application user friendly? E.g. Is additional, supporting education required?

In the construction industry, safety is a central and important part of all types of businessconducted. Work preparation's main function is to contribute to a safe work environment and isused as communication between different parties. Digitization is taking place at all levels in theconstruction industry to streamline different processes and under constant development. This study was carried out on what work preparations are, how they are defined and how theyare used today in Skanska’s planning and production phase, road, and civil engineering. Thestudy also examines how the properties of work preparation are affected by being digitized. The methods used in the work are a literature study, document study, interviews, and anempirical part. The results show that there are some knowledge gaps and a lack of experience in digital workpreparations and clear templates are not followed today. The results also show that theproperties; of time required, material handling, work disposition plan, and knowledge reward ofwork preparations are affected by being digitized. The study concludes that a work preparation is a description of how a work step should beperformed. The study also shows that a work preparation can be broad and detailed but at thesame time narrow and comprehensive. The last thing the study shows is that the time required isinitially to learn the program and the material handling requires more knowledge. The workdisposition plan leads to a safer performance and the knowledge rewards mean several positiveoutcomes / Inom byggbranschen är säkerheten en central och viktig del i all typ avverksamhet som bedrivs. Verktyget arbetsberedningars främstafunktion att bidra till ett säkert och effektivt arbetsutförande. Samtidigtsker en digitalisering på alla plan inom byggbranschen för atteffektivisera processer. I detta arbete genomförs en studie om vad arbetsberedningar innebäroch hur de används idag i planerings- och produktionsskedet hosSkanska, väg och anläggning. I studien undersöks det också hurarbetsberedningars egenskaper, tidsåtgång, materialhantering,arbetsplatsdisposition och kunskapsåterbäring påverkas av attdigitaliseras. Skanska är intresserade av arbetet genom att de villanvända arbetsberedningar i den digitala plattformen BIM 360.Metoderna som använts i arbetet är dels en litteraturstudie,dokumentstudie, empiri och intervjuer. Metoderna syftar att samla inbakgrundinformation och litteratur om ämnet, samt data och svar frånintervjuer till att besvara frågeställningarna i arbetet. Resultatet visar att det finns vissa kunskapsluckor, erfarenhetsbristinom arbetsberedning digitalt och det finns tydliga mallar som inte följsidag. I resultat presenteras även att egenskaperna av arbetsberedningarpåverkas av att digitaliseras. Slutsatser som studien visar att användningen av arbetsberedningarskiljer sig åt bland medarbetarna. En annan slutsats är attkunskapsåterbäring innebär vinster av att ha samlad information somär tillgänglig digitalt med hjälp av olika mobila lösningar. Enrekommendation är därför att det ska skapas en ty

Effektivität und Effizienz sind die basalen Anforderungen die an moderne Gesundheitssysteme gestellt werden. Eine optimale Versorgung unter wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten ist das Ziel jeglicher Bemühungen. Innerhalb der durch Sektoren geprägten Versorgungsstrukturen herzoperierter Patienten werden Schnittstellenprobleme immer offenkundiger, sodass die Notwendigkeit von sektorenübergreifenden Versorgungsketten immer mehr in das Bewusstsein rückt. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die Betrachtung eines Kollektivs gesetzlich versicherter Patienten, die in einer immanent gewachsenen integrierten Versorgungsstruktur behandelt wurden, angesiedelt. Dieses Kollektiv wird mit einem Kollektiv von Patienten verglichen, welches in den herkömmlichen, durch Sektoren geprägten Versorgungsstrukturen behandelt worden ist. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass solch eine integrierte Behandlungskette medizinisch, ökonomisch und zeitlich hinsichtlich der Reintegration in das Erwerbsleben dem herkömmlichen Versorgungsmodell überlegen ist, liegt sehr nahe. Diese Arbeit zeigt im Besonderen die zeitlichen Aspekte und Korrelationen der betroffenen Bereiche von der Akutintervention bis hin zur Wiederaufnahme der Berufstätigkeit auf, um daraus Rückschlüsse auf die eingangs erwähnten basalen Anforderungen Effektivität und Effizienz zu ziehen.

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