SINYA company is a 3C distribution operator having distributed PCs and relevant hardware for more than 20 years since 1989. The company set up its first branch in JianGuo Computer Warehouse in 1995 with a shop only 15 square meters. The operating revenue had grown from NTD 300,000 to NTD20 million per month after 4 years painstaking development then. Since that so many customers joked about waiting for a long queue for buying a computer due to the rapid growing, the company decided to open another shop with higher capacity around 80 square meters, making the revenue more than 25 million monthly. Thus, the company could create more than NTD 400 million revenues annually with the two shops only in sum less than 100 square meters. SINYA company currently runs 30 branch stores making 1.6 billion operating revenues a year. Every Supplier, such as Intel, Microsoft, ASUS and even Sony, regards SINYA company as the third largest local chain store distributor in Taiwan. Branding Strategy is necessary for an enterprise to operate its sustainable business absolutely. However, as we know, the business opportunity is quite limited in a local market. The way to provide an enterprise an enough room to grow continuously means that an enterprise needs to target at the international market if an enterprise does want to run a business sustainably. Thus, in order to get more chances to step into the international markets from a local market like Taiwan, the SINYA company must create the business model and profit model to meet the demand of the international market, or even surpass any other outstanding competitors in the international chain store distribution markets. Referring to the international market, the SINYA company takes the markets both in China and South East Asia as the first 2 alternatives, especially in China, a place speaking the same language as we do with a big market, which is undoubtedly worth being researched aggressively for us. Of course, the development of 3C channels in China has advanced a lot these years under the assistance partly from Taiwanese businessmen and some efforts made by mainlanders. Some channels even have strong competiveness in the internationalized market. Nevertheless, as we know, competition is inevitable when running a business. Therefore, I believe that trying best to strengthen the company¡¦s multi-facet operational ability and to lead the enterprise with customer oriented and innovative thoughts is the necessary strategy for an enterprise to run their business sustainably so as to gain a good result. China is a large market with potential, more available virtual channels and the opportunity to develop its legal environment gradually, i.e. a good chance for the development of an enterprise. However, hardly could a new entrant break through the barrier to take part in the China¡¦s market in a short time, even a healthy enterprise as SINYA company which has the advantages of good operation efficiency, pricing policy, professional service personnel, innovative and adaptive abilities. There can be some factors as below: 1. Unhealthy taxation institution. 2. Unsound legal protection for the business environment provided by the government sectors. In addition, there are also some unsolved weaknesses from the SINYA company itself: 1. The Brand is not known enough. 2. Financial Capacity needs to be strengthened. 3. The strategy of vertical integration to strengthen the advantage of the products diversification should be implemented continuously. Found in this research, there are also some short and middle term opportunities exited for the SINYA company in the China market.So, the SINYA company can take into account some factors as below: 1. Duplicate other successful experiences to authorize its brand. 2. The Gap between Urban and Rural provides the virtual platform an unlimited potential. The market of some level 3 to 6 cities can be developed.

Ever since the appearance of internet bubbling in 2000, the development of e-commerce entered a substantial commercialization age. No matter in provision of information service or e-shopping of products, they all take profit-making as the sole objective. In Taiwan the supply chain of 3C products is complete, and the industry itself is a highly competitive industry. Therefore, the e-commercial e-shopping market has been developing prosperously again in recent years, and the market overlapping is even getting greater. When a 3C chain retailer is going to establish an e-shopping website, what are the things it has to pay attention to? Do its customers overlap with the original group of customers? How is the product marketing way of its e-shopping website different from that of its physical stores? These are something that the 3C chain retailer should clarify beforehand. Using qualitative analytic interview method, the study takes an enterprise of 3C retail business as a case platform, and refers to the viewpoints and comments of the experts in other related fellow industries and supply chain firms in order to know the keys and factors for the success in adding e-commercial e-shopping platform to the enterprise, and furthermore, understand the actual effects and changes brought to the enterprise after e-shopping is added to the enterprise. The study finds that after the 3C chain retailer has established its e-commercial e-shopping platform, there is no conflict between the two groups of customers with different shopping behaviors. Besides, the fame of brand in the physical stores and the virtual shopping website can be mutually increased. Actually, the keys and factors for the success in adding e-commercial e-shopping to an enterprise include the mutual cooperation between the decision maker and the person implementing the decision. In fact, the marketing of e-shopping platform and the management mechanism of backstage customer service are of the same importance. The healthy financial structure of the enterprise has stabilizing function in operation of shopping website in the early stage. The brands of chain channels enjoy certain advantages, which can be used to promote e-shopping and achieve good sale; and in turn, the brands can achieve higher popularity. Above all, the most important key to the success is that consumers not only find that the prices of products are cheap, but also value the excellent service offered. The marketing practice of 3C chain e-business is not different from that of general enterprises. It still has to regress to the practice of the core 4P of marketing and STP (segmentation, targeting, positioning) target customers. According to the needs of consumers on different platforms, convenience in operation interface should be provided. The main characteristic of 3C products is the fast change in product specifications, inventory, price and delivery timing. Therefore, integration of the e-systems of an enterprise is extremely important to the establishment of its e-shopping platform. Of them, the core systems are B2B system, ¡§product information exchange of supply chain¡¨ and B2C system, ¡§consumers interface platform.¡¨ Therefore, fast adjustment to the change of market price and improvement of service quality are the main keys to enhancement of the competitiveness of an enterprise¡¦s e-shopping website. With the advantages of chain store brand combined with the growth of virtual e-shopping platform, the enterprise can subsequently use the platform to expand the marketing of other products and cross over different domains. To the 3C retailer, it can at the same time run the business of its stores and its e-shopping website. Furthermore, it can expand its product line, make the full use of the double-platform mechanism, and increase the operation performance of the enterprise.

Computer products ¡ACommunication products¡Aand Consumer Electronics products are the three main categories of 3C industry . With the trends of technology innovation, consumer¡¦s preference changes, and price¡¦s fluctuation, 3C products now tend to get slimmer, smaller, more easily portable, delicate, and fashionable. Moreover, advanced functions and environmental protection are also the important topics that 3C industry is facing. Accordingly, The housing parts of 3C products need to match up every inch with the above. This study focuses on the key success factors of technology innovation process of 3C housing case industry. In order to verify and refine the fist outcomes of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis, this study did the second AHP analysis and adopts the second outcomes as the conclusion. They are as follows: 1. These are the priorities of the four factors on the second layer: ¡§Technology Innovation Strategy¡¨ goes first, ¡§Organizational System and Culture¡¨ second, ¡§Source of Technology Innovation¡¨ third, and ¡§Investment of Technology Innovation¡¨ last. 2. The top 5 priorities of the sixteen criteria on the third layer are the below: ¡§Active Interaction with Customer¡¦s Needs¡¨ goes first, ¡§R&D Expenditures¡¦ Proportion of Sales¡¨ second, ¡§Patent Technology of Self ¡VResearch and Innovation¡¨ third, ¡§Organizational Culture of Good Communication and Flexible System¡¨ fourth, and ¡§Periodical Participation in International Technological Merchandise Fair¡¨ fifth.

Extruded products with precision shape have been used widely to 3C products, electronic equipment, communicatory installation, precision instrument, automobile industry. The tolerance for this kind of asymmetric products with small size is strictly required. During extrusion, the plastic flow of the billet inside the die cavity is complicated. The temperature distribution of the billet, the elastic deformation of the die, and the design of the flow guide affect the final dimension of the product. This paper uses the finite element code ¡§DEFORM 3D¡¨ to simulate the plastic flow of the billet inside the die cavity and the stress, strain, temperature distributions of the die during extrusion of a 3C product, Clip and Housing. From the simulation results, a die design guideline is proposed and the temperature, stress, strain distributions are discussed systematically. Furthermore, extrusion experiments are conducted. From the comparisons of the temperature at the die exit, the product sizes and the extrusion force, the validity of the die design rule is verified.

Large 3C distributers showed in Taiwan in 1992s. Since more and more large 3C distributers set stores across Taiwan, their economies of scale lead the whole 3C-channel market become ¡§the big is always the big and the small.¡¨ Many companies that do not have competencies have gone out the market. However, in this market, many outstanding small-middle 3C distributors are not affected, and have good performance. This fact reflects that these small-middle 3C distributors have some core competencies that can not be replaced by large 3C distributers. The business models and strategies of these small-middle 3C distributers are the main issues of this study. Considering the consistency and extensiveness of subjects in the 3C industry, this study selected three large 3C distributers as research subjects. Firstly, second-hand data was collected, and interviews with managers of the three distributers were also conducted. Then, five outstanding small and middle distributers were interviewed to compare their business modes and strategies with the three large 3C distributers. Based on these data, it is helpful to understand core competencies and advantages of small and middle distributers. The results show that although large 3C distributers have their main advantages, they do not do well in the development of niche markets, efficient responsiveness of environment changes, and kindly attitude to consumers. If small and middle enterprises can clearly understand their weakness, avid to directly fight with large 3C distributers, expand their potential advantages, and keep close with customers, they also could have living space and will be difficult be replaced.

L'ADN génomique des bactéries existe dans un complexe dynamique riche en protéines, le "nucléoïde'', très bien organisé à différentes échelles de longueur. Cette thèse décrit notre modélisation et analyse des données en mettant l'accent sur l'organisation du nucléoïde de \textit{E. coli}, et sur comment cette organisation affecte l'expression des gènes. La première partie du travail est une revue des progrès récents expérimentaux et théoriques quantifiant l'organisation physique (la géométrie et le compactage) du chromosome bactérien. En particulier, nous soulignons le rôle que la physique de la matière molle et la physique statistique jouent dans la description de ce système. Une deuxième partie de l'ouvrage traite d'un modèle de la physique des polymères inspiré par deux caractéristiques du nucléoïde: auto-adhérence osmotique et effet des protéines de pontage. Les résultats sont une caractérisation qualitative du diagramme de phase, qui montre que les nucléoïdes forment des domaines distincts sans interactions intra-spécifiques. La thèse couvre également plusieurs approches d'analyse de données pour tester les connexions entre l'organisation du nucléoïde avec l'expression des gènes (RNA-Seq) et des protéines (ChIP-Seq). Cette dernière partie contient une description de l'outil web NuST, qui permet d'effectuer de simples analyses statistiques sur de multiples échelles. En outre, nous présentons une étude de corrélation d'un grand nombre de mesures d'expression génomique dans différentes conditions de croissance, et nous le comparons avec les cartes d'interaction (Hi-C) spatiale entre le chromosome. / The genomic DNA of bacteria exists in a complex and dynamic protein-rich state, which is highly organized at various lengthscales. This thesis describes a work of physical modeling and data analysis focused on the E. coli genome organization, in the form of the "nucleoid'', and on how nucleoid organization affects gene expression.The first part of the work is a review of the recent experimental andt heoretical advances quantifying the physical organization (compactionand geometry) of the bacterial chromosome with its complement of proteins (the nucleoid). In particular, we highlight the role that statistical and soft condensed matter physics play in describing this system of fundamental biological importance.A second part of the work discusses a simple polymer physics model inspired by two main features of the nucleoid: osmotic self-adhesion and protein bridging. Results are summarized by a qualitative characterization of the phase diagram of this model which shows the general feature that distinct domains may form without the need forintra-specific interactions.The thesis also covers several data analysis approaches to test possible connections between the physical organization of the nucleoid with gene expression (RNA-Seq) and protein binding (ChIP-Seq) datasets. This latter part contains a description of the NuST webtool, which consists of a database which collect datasets from past experiments and an implementation of simple multi scale statistical analysis tools. Additionally, we introduce a correlation study of a large number (about 300) of genome-wide expression data-sets, also compared to the outcome to the published genome interaction map (Hi-C)data.

La chromatine sert de support à de multiples processus biologiques, cependant son organisation spatiale diffère fortement selon l'échelle considérée. L'expression des gènes est ainsi coordonnée par des éléments régulateurs dispersés dans le génome mais capables d'interagir entre eux. Chez les métazoaires, des expériences de capture de conformation de chromosome (3C) combinées au séquençage haut-débit (Hi-C) ont permis la découverte de domaines d'association topologique (TAD), à l'échelle de la mégabase. Puisque la résolution du Hi-C reste limitée, nous avons utilisé la 3C-qPCR pour explorer, dans des cellules souches embryonnaires murines, la dynamique chromatinienne à l'intérieur de ces domaines ainsi qu'à leurs bordures. Nous identifions ainsi une modulation des fréquences de contacts, sur quelques centaines de kilobases. Cette modulation est plus ou moins importante en fonction du contenu en gènes des domaines, mais elle semble néanmoins universelle. Des modèles dérivés de la physique des polymères permettent de décrire cette modulation sous la forme d'une hélice statistique, que la chromatine adopterait en moyenne et en l'absence d'interactions spécifiques, à l'intérieur des TAD. Cette hélice reflète certaines contraintes que la chromatine subit à l'échelle supranucléosomale. Elle est très affectée par les bordures, qui bloquent la modulation, mais elle l'est beaucoup moins par le contenu en histone de liaison H1. Par ailleurs, grâce à des résultats de Hi-C à haute résolution, nous montrons que la modulation observée chez les souris n'est pas retrouvée chez la drosophile, où les caractéristiques des TAD semblent avant tout liées au paysage épigénétique local. Pour ces deux organismes, la dynamique chromatinienne à l'intérieur des domaines est donc sous le contrôle de phénomènes différents / The chromatin hosts various biological processes. However, its organization differs considerably depending on the scale. For example, gene expression is coordinated by regulatory elements that are dispersed in the genome but that are able to interact within the tridimensional space of the nucleus. In the Metazoa, chromosome conformation capture (3C) assays combined with high-throughput sequencing (Hi-C) uncovered the existence of topologically associating domains (TADs), at the mégabase scale. Due to the limited resolution of Hi-C, we used the 3C-qPCR method to explore, in murine embryonic stem cells, the chromatin dynamics inside TADs as well as at their borders. We found that contact frequencies undergo a periodic modulation over large genomic distances (few hundred kilobases). This modulation is weaker in gene-deserts than in gene-containing domains but it seems nevertheless to be universal. Using models derived from polymer physics, we show that this modulation can be understood as a fundamental helix shape that chromatin tends to adopt statistically, when no strong locus-specific interaction takes place, within the TADs. This statistical helix reflects some constraints that the chromatin undergoes at the supranucleosomal scale. It is affected by TADs borders, which disrupt the modulation, but linker histone H1 depletion only leads to subtle changes in the helix characteristics. Furthermore, using high-resolution Hi-C data, we found that chromatin dynamics is unconstrained in Drosophila where it seems mainly linked to the local epigenetics landscape. Therefore, distinct genome organization principles govern chromatin dynamics within mouse and Drosophila topologically associating domains.

PML et les corps nucléaires (CN) sont impliqués dans la défense antivirale. En effet, notre équipe a montré que la surexpression de PMLIII confère la résistance au virus de la stomatite vésiculaire, au virus de l'influenza, au virus foamy mais pas au virus de l’encéphalomyocardite (EMCV). J’ai montré dans mon travail de thèse que l’EMCV contrecarre le pouvoir antiviral de PMLIII en induisant sa dégradation par un processus dépendant du protéasome et de SUMO. Cependant, les cellules de souris invalidées pour PML sont plus sensibles à l’infection par l’EMCV que les cellules issues de souris parentales. Pour déterminer l’isoforme de PML responsable de cet effet antiviral, j’ai analysé l’effet des sept isoformes de PML (PMLI-VII) et j’ai montré que seule l’expression en stable de PMLIV confère la résistance à l’EMCV en séquestrant la polymérase virale 3Dpol au sein des CN PML. De plus la déplétion de PMLIV augmente la production de l’EMCV dans les cellules traitées par l’interféron. Ces données indiquent le mécanisme par lequel PML confère la résistance à l’EMCV et révèlent que PML est l’une des protéines médiatrices des effets anti-EMCV de l’interféron. / PML and nuclear bodies (NBs) are implicated in antiviral defense. Indeed, our team showed that overexpression of PMLIII confers resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus, influenza virus, foamy virus but not to encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). I have shown during my thesis that EMCV counteracts the antiviral effect of PMLIII by inducing its degradation in SUMO and proteasome-dependent way. However, cells derived from PML knockout mice are more susceptible to EMCV infection than wild-type cells. To determine the isoforme of PML implicated in this antiviral effect, I analysed the effect of the seven PML isoforms (PMLI-PMLVII) and I showed that only stable expression of PMLIV confers resistance to EMCV by sequestring the viral polymérase 3Dpol in PML Nbs. In addition, depletion of PMLIV boosted EMCV production in interferon-treated cells. These finding sindicate the mechanism by which PML confers resistance to EMCV and reveal a new pathway mediating the antiviral activity of interferon against EMCV.

Submitted by Sandro Camargo (sandro.camargo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2015-05-07T22:43:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 126110038.pdf: 2182930 bytes, checksum: 1d0e56324e775d985abbaf5cea8f4038 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T22:43:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 126110038.pdf: 2182930 bytes, checksum: 1d0e56324e775d985abbaf5cea8f4038 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / As abelhas apresentam uma combinação de características individuais e ainda de cooperação animal não encontrada no restante do reino animal. São insetos sociais e participam da polinização de diversas plantas que fornecem alimento para o homem. No Brasil com a africanização das abelhas, essas tornaram-se altamente produtoras e enxameadoras, o que vem tornando o país uma potência na produção de mel e outros produtos originados da atividade apícola. Muitas doenças podem afetar as abelhas, dentre elas muitas causadas por vírus. Controlar as infecções virais é essencial para a manutenção ecológica das abelhas e da produção apícola. Ao mesmo tempo, existe a possibilidade de relacionar vírus que infectam humanos com os vírus que infectam as abelhas, visto que os tratamentos utilizados para os seres humanos poderiam ser utilizados em colméias e, ao mesmo tempo, utilizar as abelhas como modelo de estudo para o desenvolvimento de novos antivirais. Na busca por um ponto em comum analisamos filogeneticamente a protease 3C, que ocorre nos vírus da super-família Picorna-like, onde encontram-se os vírus que parasitam as abelhas. Essa protease tem a capacidade de clivar a poliproteína viral nas proteínas maduras do vírus e ainda causar a degradação proteolítica das proteínas do hospedeiro. Até hoje não foi encontrada uma forma de utilizar a protease 3C em estudos filogenéticos pois existe muita divergência das suas sequências entre os vírus. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi identificar uma forma de analisar filogeneticamente a protease 3C. As sequências da protease 3C e da RdRp de 55 vírus foram coletadas do NCBI ( National Center of Biotechnology Information) e submetidas ao MEME ( Multiple Em for Motif Elicitation), onde foram obtidos quatro sítios conservados. Após foi realizada a análise filogenética dos sítios conservados por Máxima Verossimilhança e análise da distância entre os sítios por parcimônia e ainda foi construída uma árvore com base na RdRp. As árvores dos sítios 1 e 2 apresentaram uma melhor robustez estatística e agrupamento dos vírus. Essas regiões conservadas da protease 3C-Pro podem ser o início para estabelecermos uma relação entre as proteases dos picornavírus e vírus picorna-like na busca da compreensão do seu mecanismo de infecção viral e também uma alternativa de estudo para outras sequências com alta variabilidade. O uso dos domínios 1 e 2 proporcionou a árvore com maior robustez apresentada até o dia de hoje para esta proteína viral. / The bees have a combination of individual features and animal cooperation is not yet found in the rest of the animal kingdom . They are social insects and participate in the pollination of many plants that provide food for man . In Brazil with the africanization of bees , these have become highly producing and swarm , which is making the country a power in the production of honey and other products derived from beekeeping . Many diseases can affect bees , among them many caused by viruses . Control viral infections is essential for ecological maintenance of bees and beekeeping . At the same time , it is possible to relate viruses that infect humans and viruses that infect the bees , whereas the treatments for humans could be used in beehives and at the same time using the bees as a model for development of new antiviral agents. In the search for a common point analyzed phylogenetically 3C protease , which occurs in the superfamily Picorna -like, which are viruses that parasitize bees virus. This protease is capable of cleaving the polyprotein, the mature viral proteins and viruses also cause the proteolytic degradation of host proteins . Until today there a way to use the 3C protease was found in phylogenetic studies because there is much divergence of their sequences between virus.The objective of this research was to identify a way to analyze phylogenetically 3C protease . The 3C protease and RdRp sequences of 55 viruses were collected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information , submitted to MEME , where four conserved sites were obtained . Upon phylogenetic analysis of the conserved sites and by maximum likelihood analysis of the distance between sites by parsimony was performed and was still a tree constructed based on the RdRp . Trees of sites 1 and 2 had a better statistical robustness and clustering of virus. These conserved regions of the 3C protease - Pro may be the start to establish a relationship between the proteases of the picornavirus and Picorna-like viruses in the quest to understand the mechanism of viral infection and also an alternative study for other sequences with high variability . The use of domains 1 and 2 provided the tree with greater robustness displayed until today for this viral protein.

資訊家電流通業是整個產業價值鏈的最下游，它界於製造商或配銷商與消費者之間，執行價值活動最末端的銷售和服務兩大功能。 隨著社會進步，消費者在需求上有明顯的變化，主要在多樣選擇、一次購足、品牌保障、價格合宜、服務完善、親切便利等等。為了滿足消費者需求，資訊家電流通業朝著複合化、大型化、品牌化、專業化、低價化的趨勢在移動。 本研究經過對策略理論與資訊家電流通業相關研究的文獻探討，並在完成以上四個階段的分析與策略規劃後，提出的主要研究結論是： 1.國內資訊家電流通業的關鍵成功因素是規模經濟、範疇經濟、庫存管理、店面租金管理、清晰的定位與品牌聯想，資訊技術的有效應用以及人員質與量的管理。 2.要用全員經營、全員分享的方法，來解決資訊家電流通業最不具規模經濟的人員問題，以分享的機制來激勵員工減少用人並降低代理成本。 3.家電製造商以電子商務的方式，進行向前整合，資訊家電流通業者宜儘早因應，以在新的產業價值鏈中，站上一個有利的位置。