Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2014-12-02T19:56:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Walas Permanhane Sturiao.texto completo.pdf: 2019887 bytes, checksum: 65798e84fd1cc3915ab0592556dcf522 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-12-05T19:09:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Walas Permanhane Sturiao.texto completo.pdf: 2019887 bytes, checksum: 65798e84fd1cc3915ab0592556dcf522 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-05T19:09:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Walas Permanhane Sturiao.texto completo.pdf: 2019887 bytes, checksum: 65798e84fd1cc3915ab0592556dcf522 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / No Brasil, as lavouras de mamoeiro das planícies dos tabuleiros costeiros são as que melhor desenvolvem e aplicam tecnologias para a produção de mamão no mundo. O objetivo foi aplicar a estatística clássica e a geoestatística no mapeamento e na correlação da variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos e físicos de solo e de plantas de mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) de uma lavoura comercial do norte capixaba cultivada em um Argissolo típico dos tabuleiros costeiros. O solo de textura arenosa de caráter coeso foi preparado convencionalmente e cultivado com mamoeiro variedade Golden THB. Após a sexagem, procederam-se as amostragens de solo, amostrado na projeção da copa (0-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m) para a determinação dos atributos químicos e físicos, e de atributos biométricos das plantas em uma área de 1,2 ha (114 x 110 m) totalizando 129 pontos amostrais georreferenciados. Ao nono mês após o transplantio, registrou-se a altura da colheita dos primeiros frutos, o número e a massa dos frutos colhidos para estimativa da produtividade, amostrando três plantas por ponto amostral durante três meses. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e à correlação de Pearson. A dependência espacial das variáveis foi analisada através da ferramenta geoestatística, com obtenção de semivariograma e os mapas de distribuição das variáveis. A maior parte dos atributos de solo e de plantas de mamoeiro apresenta dependência espacial e é mapeada adequadamente. Há correlação de dependência vertical para densidade do solo, argila, silte, resistência do solo à penetração na linha de plantio e na rua e volume total de poros. Dos atributos químicos não ocorre este comportamento apenas para K, Al e Sat K. As frações areia e argila foram os principais atributos a constituírem correlação com os demais. Há poucas correlações dos atributos do solo com os atributos biométricos e a produtividade do mamoeiro. Ocorre correlação positiva entre a produtividade inicial do mamoeiro com características biométricas ideias para as plantas de mamoeiro. A fertilidade e o preparo do solo são expressivos para o desenvolvimento do mamoeiro e para a variabilidade espacial dos atributos avaliados. / In Brazil, farm work of papaya cultivated in coastal tablelands are the ones that best develop and apply technology to the production of papaya in the world. The objective of this research was to apply classic statistics and geostatistics in mapping and correlation of spatial variability of chemical and physical attributes of soil and papaya plants (Carica papaya L.) of a commercial farm work of the northern part of Espírito Santo cultivated in an Argisol typical the coastal tablelands. The soil with a sandy texture and cohesive character was conventionally prepared and cultivated with papaya variety Golden THB. After the completion of sexing, the samples were proceeded of soil sampled in the projection of the canopy (0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40m) to determine chemical and physical attributes and biometric attributes of plants in an area of 1.2 ha (114 x 110 m) totalizing 129 georeferenced points of sample. On the ninth month after the transplanting, it was registered the height of the harvest from the first fruits, number and weight of all fruits harvested to estimate the productivity, sampling three plants for sample point during three months. The results obtained were submitted to a descriptive statistics analysis and correlation of Pearson. The spatial dependence of variables was analyzed through the geostatistics tool, obtaining semivariogram and maps of distribution of variables. For most of the attributes of soil and of papaya plants presented a spatial dependency and were adequately mapped. There was a correlation of vertical spatial dependence for soil density, clay, silt, penetration resistance of crop rows, and penetration resistance between crop rows, and total volume of pores. In the chemical attributes this behavior didn’t occur, only for K, Al and Sat K. The sand and clay fractions were the main attributes that constitute correlation with each other. There were few correlation of attributes of soil with the biometric attribute and production of papaya. There was a positive correlation between the initial productions of papaya with biometric characteristics ideal for papaya plants. The fertility and the preparation of soil were expressive for the development of papaya and for the spatial variability of the evaluated attributes.

Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2015-07-10T19:16:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Matéria orgânica do solo e emissão de C-CO2 em diferentes manejos e cultivos agrícolas.pdf: 2589677 bytes, checksum: 00bc99db1f92c4011de1e5a1feda2354 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2015-08-12T17:52:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Matéria orgânica do solo e emissão de C-CO2 em diferentes manejos e cultivos agrícolas.pdf: 2589677 bytes, checksum: 00bc99db1f92c4011de1e5a1feda2354 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-12T17:52:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Matéria orgânica do solo e emissão de C-CO2 em diferentes manejos e cultivos agrícolas.pdf: 2589677 bytes, checksum: 00bc99db1f92c4011de1e5a1feda2354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / CNPq, FAPES, CAPES / O manejo do solo deve ser realizado de tal forma que garanta a produção sustentável ao longo dos anos. Dentre as técnicas empregas, o manejo agroecológico e o plantio direto favorecem a manutenção da cobertura do solo e o aporte de matéria orgânica. Partindo da hipótese de que o maior aporte de resíduos culturais aumenta o conteúdo e estoque de matéria orgânica no solo, bem como reduz a emissão de C-CO2, o objetivo geral da pesquisa foi avaliar o impacto do manejo na matéria orgânica do solo e na emissão de C-CO2, nos períodos secos e chuvosos em diferentes cultivos agrícolas. O capítulo 1 foi desenvolvido na comunidade de Feliz Lembrança, Alegre–ES, onde foram avaliados sistemas de manejo em pastagem (PAST), café a pleno sol (PS) e café em sistema agroflorestal (SAF) e uma mata nativa (MN). O capítulo 2 foi desenvolvido no Incaper de Domingos Martins, onde se avaliou tratamentos de plantio direto de hortaliças sob palhada de gramínea (PD-G), leguminosa (PD-L), consórcio gramínea/leguminosa (PD-GL) e convencional utilizando enxada rotativa no pré-plantio (PC)em um delineamento de blocos casualizados. Amostras de solos em diferentes camadas foram coletadas para caracterização química e da matéria orgânica. Foram realizadas medições de emissão de C-CO2, temperatura do solo, umidade do solo e C biomassa microbiana do solo in situ. Foi utilizada análise de variância multivariada, vinculada a teste de aleatorização e aplicação de contrastes ortogonais no capítulo 1 e análise de variância aplicando teste F e teste de médias no capítulo 2. O SAF apresentou maior conteúdo de C orgânico total (19,8 g/kg) na camada de 0 a 5 cm e a PAST em subsuperfície. O menor estoque de C e N e os maiores valores de quociente metabólico foram encontrados no PS. O SAF reduziu a emissão de C-CO2 em 1,93 Mg ha-1 ano-1 em relação ao PS. O C orgânico total variou de 34,94 a 50,48 g/kg no PD-GL enquanto no sistema PC essa variação foi de 27,11 a 43,74 g/kg no perfil amostrado. A emissão média anual foi de 15,89 Mg C-CO2 ha-1 ano-1para a PD-G enquanto o PD-GL foi de 13,77; PD-L de 13,09 e PC de 11,20 Mg C-CO2 ha-1 ano-1. No PC, o balanço de C foi negativo (-2,15Mg ha-1), além de apresentar as menores médias anuais de umidade do solo e C biomassa microbiana e maior Qmet anual. Sistemas com contínuo e diversificado aporte de matéria orgânica promovem redução na emissão de C-CO2, bem como atuam no sequestro de C atmosférico. / The soil management practices should be applied in such a way as to ensure sustainable production and quality over the years. Agroecological management and no tillage emphasize the maintenance of soil cover and input of organic matter. Assuming that major input of organic matter increases content and stock of organic matter in the soil and reduces CO2-C emission, the general objectives of this study were to compare the impact of different management practices on soil organic matter and CO2-C emissions, in dry and rainy periods in different agricultural systems. The chapter 1 was carried out in family smallholders located at Feliz Lembrança community, where were evaluated agroforestry coffee system (ACS), full sun coffee system (FS), pasture (PAST) and native rainforest (NR). The chapter 2 was carried out at Incaper of Domingos Martins, treatments were no tillage on straw grass (NT-G), leguminous (NT-L), intercroppinggrass/leguminous (NT-GL) and conventional tillage(CT)using rotary hoeing in pre-planting in a randomized block design. Soil samples were taken in different layers for chemical and organic matter characterization.CO2-C emissions, soil temperature, soil moisture and soil microbial biomass C were measured in situ at four periods in the year. Multivariate analysis of variance and randomization test was used on chapter 1 and F test and Tukey test on chapter 2. ACS showed highest soil C content (19.8 g/kg) in the 0-5 cm soil layer and PAST above ground. Lowest C and N stock and highest metabolic quotient for CO2-C was recorded in FS. ACS decreased 1.93 Mg CO2-C ha-1 year-1 emission compared to PS system. Total organic C ranged from 34.94 to 50.48 g/kg in PD/GL and 27.11 to 43.74 g/kg in CT. Annual average CO2-C emissions (μmol CO2 m-2s-1) followed the order: NT-G (15.89) >NT-GL (13.77) >NT-L (13.09) > CT (11.20). Carbon balance was negative (-2.15 Mg ha-1) from CT and lowest annual average of soil moisture and microbial biomass C, as well as higher annual Qmet. Management systems with continuous and diversified input of organic matter, reduces losses of C by CO2-C emission, as well as act as atmospheric C sink.

Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2015-07-13T20:15:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Variabilidade espacial do estado nutricional do cafeeiro conilon utilizando índice DRIS.pdf: 1564693 bytes, checksum: e5ac4d3d61bb040e3ff97ca4f6ff872a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2015-08-12T16:19:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Variabilidade espacial do estado nutricional do cafeeiro conilon utilizando índice DRIS.pdf: 1564693 bytes, checksum: e5ac4d3d61bb040e3ff97ca4f6ff872a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-12T16:19:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Variabilidade espacial do estado nutricional do cafeeiro conilon utilizando índice DRIS.pdf: 1564693 bytes, checksum: e5ac4d3d61bb040e3ff97ca4f6ff872a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Capes / A combinação da agricultura de precisão e do Sistema Integrado de Recomendação Foliar (DRIS) possibilita monitorar espacialmente o balanço nutricional dos cafezais para fornecer recomendações de adubação mais equilibradas e mais ajustadas economicamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial do estado nutricional do cafeeiro conilon, utilizando o Índice de Balanço Nutricional (IBN) e sua relação com a produtividade. A produtividade das plantas em cada ponto amostral foi determinada e construiu-se o seu mapa considerando a variabilidade espacial; determinou-se o Índice de Equilíbrio Nutricional (IBN) das plantas em cada ponto amostral e construiu-se o seu mapa; e utilizou-se a análise de componentes principais (ACP) para estimar o IBN do cafeeiro por cokrigagem. Os dados do cafeeiro conilon foram coletados em fazenda experimental, no município de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim-ES. O IBN do cafeeiro e a sua produtividade foram analisados por meio de geoestatística, com base nos modelos e parâmetros dos semivariogramas, utilizando o método de interpolação krigagem ordinária para estimar valores para locais não amostrados. O índice de Balanço Nutricional da lavoura do cafeeiro conilon apresentou dependência espacial, porém não apresentou correlação linear e nem espacial com a produtividade. A lavoura em estudo se encontra em desequilíbrio nutricional, sendo que entre os macronutrientes, o Potássio foi o que apresentou maior desequilíbrio na área, entre os micronutrientes, o Zinco e o Ferro foram os que apresentaram menores concentrações nas folhas. A confecção dos mapas possibilitou a distinção de regiões com maior e menor desequilíbrio nutricional e produtividade, o que possibilita adotar o manejo de forma diferenciada e localizada. A análise multivariada baseada em componentes principais fornece componentes com alta correlação com as variáveis originais P, Ca, Zn , Cu, K e B. A cokrigagem utilizando as componentes principais permite estimar o IBN e a produtividade da área. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of nutritional status conilon coffee using the Balance Nutritional Index (BNI) and its relationship with productivity. The combination of precision agriculture and Recommendation Integrated System Foliar (DRIS) enables spatially monitor the nutritional balance of the coffee plantations to provide fertilizer recommendations set more balanced and more economically. The productivity of plants at each sample point was determined and built your map considering the spatial variability; determined the Balance Nutritional Index (BNI) plants at each sample point and built your map; and used the principal component analysis (PCA) to estimate the IBN coffee by co-kriging. The data were collected conilon coffee in experimental farm in the municipality of Itapemirim - ES . The BNI the coffee and productivity were analyzed using geostatistical techniques, based on the models and parameters of semivariograms using the ordinary cokriging interpolation method to estimate values for non-sampled locations. The Balance Nutritional index of the crop conilon coffee showed spatial dependence, but no linear nor spatial correlation with productivity. The crop under study is in nutritional imbalance, and among the macronutrients, Potassium showed the greatest imbalance in the area, among the micronutrients, Zinc and Iron were those with lower concentrations in the leaves. The making of maps allowed the distinction of regions with higher and lower nutritional imbalance and productivity, enabling management to adopt a differentiated and localized manner. The multivariate analysis based on principal components provides components with high correlation with the original variables P, Ca, Zn, Cu, K and B. The cokriging using principal components allows estimating the IBN and the productivity of the area.

Submitted by Morgana Andrade (morgana.andrade@ufes.br) on 2016-03-18T17:22:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação _lidiane.pdf: 714346 bytes, checksum: 6a87adcea4d9735de717a47c7ab65a18 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Morgana Andrade (morgana.andrade@ufes.br) on 2016-03-21T17:18:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação _lidiane.pdf: 714346 bytes, checksum: 6a87adcea4d9735de717a47c7ab65a18 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-21T17:18:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação _lidiane.pdf: 714346 bytes, checksum: 6a87adcea4d9735de717a47c7ab65a18 (MD5) / FAPES / O feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é um dos principais alimentos consumidos no Brasil, rico em vitaminas, carboidratos e minerais. É crescente o número de pesquisas que integram desde o melhoramento de plantas e o manejo da adubação para incrementar nutrientes nas partes comestíveis, desenvolvendo plantas com maiores teores de vitaminas e micronutrientes. A introdução de alimentos biofortificados como o feijão, complementa a nutrição humana que sofre com desnutrição. Sendo assim, é importante conhecer como as condições de cultivo influenciam na qualidade do grão e na importância para obtenção de um alimento com maior valor nutricional. Além de conhecer até que ponto a influência de planta daninha afeta a produção e a absorção de nutrientes pelo feijoeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as características agronômicas e nutricionais influenciadas pela interferência de planta daninha, efeito da adubação e do solo, nas cultivares de feijão. Foi avaliado o teor de clorofila, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, número de vagem por planta, índice de colheita por planta, massa seca da trapoeraba, relação grão e lócus, peso médio de sementes e análise de ferro e zinco nas folhas e nos grãos. Os resultados obtidos no estudo apontaram que a competição com trapoeraba afetou algumas características agronômicas, devido à competição por nutriente. O solo para cultivo também interferiu na produção, o solo eutrófico proporcionou melhores resultados das cultivares. A adubação não interferiu nos teores de ferro e zinco nos grãos do feijoeiro. As cultivares BRS Agreste, BRS Ametista e BRS Estilo apresentaram melhores resultados na maioria das características analisadas. Por fim, conclui-se que a produção do feijoeiro, necessita de um solo com uma boa nutrição, um bom teor de matéria orgânica, manejo da adubação e de plantas daninhas para aumentar a produção.

Submitted by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2016-05-12T12:59:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) RIBAMAR DISSERTAÇÂO.pdf: 1386453 bytes, checksum: c8dcdc624c6a696600b46acdf6fccf0a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2016-05-12T12:59:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) RIBAMAR DISSERTAÇÂO.pdf: 1386453 bytes, checksum: c8dcdc624c6a696600b46acdf6fccf0a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T12:59:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) RIBAMAR DISSERTAÇÂO.pdf: 1386453 bytes, checksum: c8dcdc624c6a696600b46acdf6fccf0a (MD5) / CNPq / A cana-de-açúcar possui papel de destaque no Brasil pela importância econômica, podendo ser usada para produção de etanol, açúcar e na alimentação animal e humana. O déficit hídrico afeta vários aspectos do crescimento vegetal, sendo que os efeitos mais relevantes se referem à redução do tamanho das plantas, de sua área foliar e da produtividade da cultura. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da irrigação, com diferentes períodos de supressão, sobre a produtividade e variáveis agroindustriais de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi realizado em uma propriedade comercial de cana-de-açúcar no município de Pinheiros - ES, entre agosto 2013 e setembro 2014, variedade RB 86 – 7515, corte em 26 de agosto 2014, com espaçamento de 1,5 m entre linhas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos, sendo eles: testemunha (T1), irrigação plena (T6), supressão da irrigação com 110, 90, 60, 30 dias antes da colheita, respectivamente os tratamentos (T2), (T3), (T4), (T5). As características avaliadas foram: altura do colmo (m), diâmetro do colmo (mm), no de canas florescidas, Brix do caldo, Pol % da cana, Pol % do caldo, fibra, pureza, açúcar redutor total (ART), açúcar total recuperável (ATR), Álcool 100%, Álcool L ha-1 e produtividade. O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi aspersão convencional fixa. Cada parcela irrigada foi posicionada entre 04 aspersores com altura inicial de 2,5 m chegando a 4,5 m. A determinação da lâmina de irrigação foi baseada no modelo de balanço hídrico, onde se computou as entradas e saídas de água no sistema. Para as variáveis agronômicas, houve ganho significativo em relação à testemunha para os tratamentos T3 e T6 na variável altura do colmo e, T2 na variável número de canas florescidas e T6 na variável produtividade. Para as variáveis tecnológicas, houve diferença significativa em relação à testemunha para os tratamentos T2 para a variável Brix do caldo, T5, T4 e T6 para variável pureza, T3 e T2 para variável fibra, T5 e T4 para variável Pol % cana, T5, T4 e T6 para a variável AR % cal, T4 e T6 para a variável AR % cana, T5 e T4 para a variável ART % cana, T5 e T4 para a variável ATR, T5 e T4 para a variável Álcool 100% e T6 para a variável Álcool L ha-1 período, influenciaram nas características agronômicas e tecnológicas. . A precipitação pluvial e o florescimento, ocorridos noperíodo, influenciaram nas características agronômicas e tecnológicas. / Sugarcane plays an important economic role in Brazil, being used in the production of both ethanol and sugar. The water deficit affects the plant growth, promoting a reduction in its size, leaf area and crop. In this work, for a Brazilian sugar cane variety named RB86 - 7515, with row spacing of 1,5 m, the effects of irrigation suppression on agronomic and technological characteristics are studied. The experiments were conducted in a commercial farm located in Pinheiros, Espírito Santo between august 2013 and September 2014, Brazil. It was used a randomized block with four replications and six treatments, designated control (T1), full irrigation (T6), and irrigation suppression with 110 (T2), 90 (T3), 60 (T4), and 30 (T5) days. The main characteristics analyzed were: stalks height (m), stalks diameter (mm), flower stalks number, juice Brix, % Pol % of the cane, Pol % of the juice, fiber, purity, total reducing sugar (ART), total recovery sugar (ATR), productivity (TCH), theoretical alcohol (Alcohol) 100%) and Alcohol L ha-1 used and the area to be irrigated was located between four sprinklers with initial height from 2.5 m to 4.5 m. The water sheath was determined using a water balance model, where the inputs and outputs of water are considered, and a rain gauge was used for determining the rain water. With respect to the agronomic characteristics, the results show a significant difference in the stalks heights to the T3 and T6 samples, flower stalks number to the T2 sample and total yield to the T6 sample when compared to T1 samples. Concerning to technological characteristics, these differences were observed in the juice Brix of T4 sample, in the fiber of T3 and T2 samples, in the purity of T4 and T6 samples, in the Pol % cane of the T5 and T4 samples, in the fiber of the T3 and T2 sample, in the AR % juice of the T5, T4 and T6 samples, in the AR % cane of the T4 and T6 samples, in the ART % cane of the T5 and T4 samples, in the ATR kg mg-1 of the T5 and T4 samples, in the Alcohol 100% of the T5 and T4 samples and the Alcohol L ha-1 . An irrigation system with sprinklers was to T6 when compared with those of T1 samples. Additionally, the rainfall and flowering which happened in the testing period can be influenced both agronomic and technological characteristics.

Submitted by Morgana Andrade (morgana.andrade@ufes.br) on 2016-07-01T18:34:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cp112972.pdf: 10445840 bytes, checksum: 307877dbe74b4e31daf7a13d3ea1eca6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2016-07-11T18:13:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cp112972.pdf: 10445840 bytes, checksum: 307877dbe74b4e31daf7a13d3ea1eca6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T18:13:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cp112972.pdf: 10445840 bytes, checksum: 307877dbe74b4e31daf7a13d3ea1eca6 (MD5) / O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar e propor metodologia para identificar e mensurar parâmetros baseados em aspectos mistos, fisiológicos, morfológicos e bioquímicos de fácil reconhecimento e potencial aplicabilidade em viveiros, para avaliação do grau de rusticidade de mudas de dois clones de eucalipto, ambos híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis X Eucalyptus urophylla, para plantio em duas sazonalidades no Estado do Espírito Santo. O estudo foi conduzido na empresa Aracruz Celulose S.A., no município de Aracruz, na região litorânea do Estado do Espírito Santo e realizado de forma integrada em três etapas: viveiro, laboratório e campo. No viveiro foi realizada a caracterização para as classes de plantas quanto à tonalidade das copas das mudas, índice de clorofila foliar, índice de fluorescência foliar, trocas gasosas, potencial hídrico e força de resistência à tração do caule. No laboratório foram determinados os teores de lignina e celulose caulinar, a quantidade de carboidratos, os teores de proteínas e a morfoanatomia. Esses parâmetros foram testados após o plantio das mudas no campo através da sobrevivência e crescimento em altura da parte aérea e diâmetro da base do caule. Variáveis climáticas também foram avaliadas durante todo o período experimental, a fim determinar a condição no ambiente de estudo. Os resultados de crescimento e sobrevivência no campo não demonstraram correlações das expressões dos parâmetros estudados com os padrões de melhor desempenho e adaptação das mudas no campo, para os dois clones testados nas duas sazonalidades de plantio. / This study had as objective to test and propose methods of identifying and measuring of parameters based on mixed aspects, physiological, morphological and biochemical with easy recognition and potential applications in nurseries, to assess the degree of rusticity of cuttings of two eucalyptus clones, both hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla X Eucalyptus grandis for planting in two seasonality in the Espírito Santo state. The study was conducted at Aracruz Celulose SA, Aracruz, in the coastal region of Espírito Santo and in an integrated out in three stages: nursery, laboratory and field. In the nursery was performed the characterize of the classes of plants on tonality of the canopy of trees, leaf chlorophyll index, leaf fluorescence index, gas exchange, water potential and resistance force to the stem traction. In the laboratory were determined the content of lignin and cellulose of the stems, amount of carbohydrates, protein content and morpho-anatomy. These parameters were tested after planting the cuttings in the field through the survival and height growth of the shoot and diameter of the base of the stem. Weather variables were also assessed throughout the trial period in order to determine the condition the study environment. Growth performance and survival in the field do not show correlations of the expressions of the parameters studied with the best standards of performance and adaptation of the cuttings in the field for the two clones tested in two seasonality of planting.

Submitted by Morgana Andrade (morgana.andrade@ufes.br) on 2016-06-30T15:04:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Ariany das Gracas Teixeira.pdf: 931202 bytes, checksum: 9c4f10836190f845a454ac9873614ba5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2016-07-11T18:48:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Ariany das Gracas Teixeira.pdf: 931202 bytes, checksum: 9c4f10836190f845a454ac9873614ba5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T18:48:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Ariany das Gracas Teixeira.pdf: 931202 bytes, checksum: 9c4f10836190f845a454ac9873614ba5 (MD5) / CAPES / O estado do Espírito Santo se destaca por ser o terceiro maior produtor de Coffea arabica L., sendo seu cultivo predominantemente realizado em grande parte por agricultores familiares. Em algumas situações a baixa produtividade está relacionada ao déficit hídrico. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado a importância da irrigação para o incremento da produtividade, bem como para a melhoria da qualidade do café. Objetivou-se com esse estudo, avaliar o comportamento de quatro cultivares de cafeeiro arábica sob os sistemas de irrigação por aspersão e microjet. Foram conduzidos no Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER) dois experimentos para cada uma das quatro cultivares, um no sistema de irrigação convencional e o outro sistema de irrigação localizada microjet, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 2 x 4, sendo as parcelas representadas pela irrigação em dois níveis (irrigado e não irrigado) e as subparcelas, pelas cultivares Catuaí Amarelo IAC 86, Rubi MG 1192, Paraíso MG 419-1 e Obatã IAC 1669 20, em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, sendo cinco plantas por parcela. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o cafeeiro apresentou produtividade acentuada para os sistemas de cultivo. Os resultados foram comparados em nível de 5% de probabilidade, pelo teste “t” de Student para as variáveis vegetativas, produtivas e parâmetros de qualidade. Para as características vegetativas como altura da planta, número de ramos produtivos e número de rosetas por ramos não foram verificadas diferenças significativas para os sistemas de irrigação (localizada microjet e aspersão). Dessa forma, os resultados podem ter sido influenciados pelos altos índices pluviométricos ocorridos na região, induzindo semelhança entre os cultivos nos sistemas. / The Espírito Santo state stands out for being the third largest producer of Coffea arabica L., and its cultivation predominantly done largely by farmers. In some situations the low productivity is related to water deficit. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of irrigation to increase productivity and to improve the quality of coffee. Several studies have been demonstrating the importance of irrigation to increase productivity and to improve the quality of coffee. The objective with this study was to evaluate the behavior of four cultivars of Arabica coffee systems under sprinkler and microjet irrigation. Were conducted at Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural Two experiments for each of the four cultivars, one of the conventional irrigation system and another microjet irrigation system located in split plot layout 2 x 4, being in the plots in two irrigation levels (irrigated and non-irrigated) and cultivars (Catuaí Amarelo IAC 86,Rubi MG 1192, Paraíso MG 419-1 and Obatã IAC 1669 20) as subplot a randomized block design with four replications, five plants per plot. According to the results, the coffee showed an increased productivity for cropping systems, though not differing from the non-irrigated and irrigated system. The results were compared to the 5% level of probability, the "t" of student for the vegetative, productive and quality parameters variables. For vegetative traits as plant height, number of branches and number of rosettes by branches no significant differences for the irrigation system were verified microjet located, but also to the sprinkler irrigation system. Thus allow the results justify due to heavy rainfall in the area similarity between systems.

Le cancer de la prostate est le deuxième plus fréquent cancer chez les hommes. La France occupe le troisième rang du taux d’incidence. La curiethérapie bas-débit dose (LDR) est une option de traitement largement utilisée. Au cours de la curiethérapie LDR, des graines radioactives sont implantées en permanence dans la prostate afin de délivrer une dose thérapeutique de façon locale dans la zone cancéreuse tout en épargnant les organes voisins à risque (OAR). Malgré son taux de réussite élevé (75% à 91%), les effets secondaires restent élevés. La dose délivrée à la tumeur dépend des positions d’implantation des graines, ce qui implique que la planification est essentielle. Les systèmes cliniques de planification fournissent automatiquement les positions d’implantation. Cependant, cette prédiction est basée sur un modèle dosimétrique simplifié où le corps humain est considéré comme un volume d’eau. Un autre facteur des erreurs est l’apparition d’un oedème de la prostate impliquant un changement volumétrique. L’oedème peut entraîner une sous-estimation du D90 par exemple il est de 13.6% pour un changement volumétrique de 20%. De plus, l’oedème varie (10% à 96%) entre les patients. Aujourd’hui le mécanisme exact de l’apparition de cet oedème reste inconnu. Nous proposons un système de traitement inverse pour la curiethérapie prostate qui tient compte d’une personnalisation précise de la dosimétrie et de l’oedème. Ces travaux peuvent également être utilisés dans d’autres contextes cliniques, tel que la curiethérapie haut-débit, mais également être adapté pour traiter d’autres organes. Dans le futur, nos travaux porteront sur la personnalisation du modèle biomécanique de la prostate proposé à chaque patient en utilisant des mesures d’élasticité via l’élastographie. En raison des limitations inhérentes à la FEM, l’incorporation du modèle biomécanique de l’oedème dans le système de planification du traitement est coûteuse en temps de calcul. Une méthode alternative, serait de proposer un modèle sans maillage afin d’améliorer la simulation de l’oedème. / Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Two-thirds of the cases are diagnosed in developed countries and France is ranked third in incidence rate. Low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy is a widely used treatment option. During LDR brachytherapy, radioactive seeds are implanted permanently in the prostate to deliver a therapeutic dose locally in the cancerous region while sparing the organs at risk (OARs). Despite its high success rate (75% to 91%), the side-effects (sexual and urinary problems) remain high. The dose delivered to the tumor depends on the implantation positions of the seeds, which implies that treatment planning is essential. Clinical inverse planning systems automatically provide optimal implantation positions. However, this prediction is based on a simplified dosimetric model where the human body is considered an infinite volume of water. Another important factor that induces treatment errors is the occurrence of prostate edema during brachytherapy that involves volumetric changes of the organ. Edema can lead to a significant underestimation of the D90, for example, by 13.6% for a volumetric change of 20%. Moreover, the edema magnitude varies considerably (10% to 96%) between patients. Today the exact mechanism of edema formation remains unknown. We propose in this thesis a system of inverse treatment for prostate brachytherapy which considers a precise personalization of the dosimetry but also of the prostate edema. This work can also be used in other clinical contexts, such as high-dose-rate brachytherapy, but also be adapted to treat other organs. In the future, our work will focus on the study of the ability to adapt the proposed prostate biomechanical model to each patient using elastic measurements via prostate elastography. Due to the inherent limitations of FEM, the incorporation of the biomechanical model of edema into the treatment planning system is costly in computation time. An alternative method would be to propose a new meshless model to improve the simulation of edema during intraoperative planning.

Le cancer de la prostate est le cancer le plus fréquemment diagnostiqué en France chaque année. Il est responsable d’environ 10 % des morts liées au cancer. Les principaux traitements sont la chirurgie et la radiothérapie. Cette dernière concerne environ 60 % à 70 % des patients pris en charge en oncologie. La radiothérapie consiste à délivrer la dose la plus élevée possible à une cible tumorale, via des rayonnements ionisants, tout en limitant au maximum la dose délivrée aux tissus sains et organes à risque (OAR) environnants. Cette pratique requiert un contrôle sans faille de la dose délivrée au patient car une déviation de la prescription médicale peut réduire l’efficacité du traitement des volumes tumoraux. Elle peut également avoir des conséquences graves sur le patient dues à l’irradiation excessive des tissus sains. Un moyen pour évaluer de façon précise la dose délivrée est de simuler l’interaction rayonnement matière à l’intérieur du patient par simulation Monte-Carlo (SMC). Ceci exige une capacité de calcul importante notamment pour simuler les milliards de particules nécessaires à l’évaluation de la dosimétrie. Le temps nécessaire pour obtenir un résultat satisfaisant peut varier de quelques heures à plusieurs jours. Dans ce contexte, le moteur de simulation Monte-Carlo GGEMS (GPU GEant4-based Monte-Carlo Simulation), basé sur l’utilisation de cartes graphiques (GPUs), a pu être développé. Les effets physiques modélisés se basent sur le code Monte-Carlo générique Geant4 réputé et validé. Ce logiciel tient compte de différents types de simulations comme la radiothérapie externe ou les techniques de curiethérapie bas débit et haut débit de dose. Ces exemples ont nécessité la modélisation précise et l’utilisation de plusieurs types de géométries comme des volumes voxélisés, analytiques ou maillés. Concernant la radiothérapie, il n'existait pas de code Monte-Carlo utilisant les architectures GPUs prenant en considération l'ensemble de l'appareil de traitement. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé un modèle de source paramétrée reproduisant scrupuleusement le faisceau d'émission et permettant une utilisation sur GPU. Nous avons modélisé analytiquement les géométries des mâchoires. Le collimateur multi-lames est quant à lui formé par un ensemble de triangles (maillage). La navigation des électrons dans un volume voxélisé a également été développée. Nous avons utilisé comme exemple l'accélérateur Novalis TrueBeam® Stx. Nous pouvons ainsi effectuer des simulations Monte-Carlo reproduisant fidèlement cet accélérateur linéaire. L’ensemble de l’appareil a été validé à l’aide de comparaisons avec des mesures expérimentales ou avec des simulations Monte-Carlo de référence. Finalement, nous avons développé une plateforme de simulation Monte-Carlo utilisant les architectures GPUs pour des applications de curiethérapie et de radiothérapie externe. Cette plateforme comprend la navigation des photons et des électrons. Elle gère également les volumes voxélisés, analytiques (cylindre, pavé) et maillés. Les sources d'émission des particules sont modélisées pour reproduire fidèlement leur modèle de référence. Les facteurs d'accélération par rapport à Geant4 sont compris entre 40 et 568 selon l'application. Des applications de GGEMS dans des conditions cliniques, notamment en curiethérapie, sont la prochaine étape du développement. / Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in France each year. It is responsible for about 10% of deaths related to cancer. The main treatments are surgery and radiation therapy. The latter concerns about 60 % to 70 % of patients treated in oncology. The aim of radiation therapy is to deliver the highest possible dose to the tumor target, via ionizing radiation, while minimizing the dose delivered to surrounding healthy tissues and organs at risk (OAR). This practice requires a flawless dose control for patient safety as far as a deviation from the medical prescription could reduce treatment efficiency This could also lead to an excessive irradiation of healthy tissues and cause serious damage to the patient. A way to evaluate the dose delivered to the patient is to track particles in the matter using Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). This requires a large computation time specially to simulate billion of particles and to evaluate the associated dosimetry. The time required to obtain a satisfactory result may vary from hours to days. In this context, the Monte Carlo simulation engine GGEMS (GPU Geant4-based Monte Carlo Simulation), based on the use of graphics cards (GPUs), has been developed. Physics effects are based on the generic and validated Monte Carlo code Geant4. This software is able to handle various types of simulations such as external beam radiation therapy and low dose rate or high dose rate brachytherapy. These examples need an accurate modelling and the use of several types of geometries such as for voxelised, analytical or meshed volumes. We analytically modeled jaw geometries. The multi-leaf collimator was formed by a set of triangles (mesh). Electron navigation in a voxelised volume was also developed. We used the example of the Novalis TrueBeam® Stx accelerator. We can then perform Monte Carlo simulations reproducing the linear accelerator. The entire device was validated using comparisons with experimental measurements or with Monte Carlo simulations from Geant4 Finally, we have developed a Monte Carlo simulation platform using GPU architectures for applications of brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy. This platform includes photons and electrons navigation. It also manages voxelised, analytical (cylinder, cube) and mesh volumes. The particle emission sources are modelled to accurately reproduce their reference model. The acceleration factors from Geant4 are between 40 and 568 depending on the application. GGEMS Applications under clinical conditions, including brachytherapy, are the next development step.

A new school has to be adapted not just to our time but as well to the future. However, since individuals and decades differ from each other there is not one single solution that works for everyone and forever. By constructing rooms which space are rational and generous, their content can be reshaped and changed over time. While doing this, one has to be careful of creating square rooms that repeat their selves. If so, the building loses it’s identity and becomes an unwarranted learning environment for the children who uses the space. Children have to be able to play, move around and try new things within the rooms of a school.   By using a rational floor plan and twist it 63 degrees I have created new spaces in between and corners. This is positive since both adults and children needs to feel that they can identify their work space, it can not be to scattered or too floating. In the same time, it should be placed inside an open environment for overview. The corners that are created outside of the baserooms are therefore optimal for good study atmosphere and sense of protection. A sense of protection is also created through the long galleries that run through the ground floor. These have double ceiling height and are open towards the upper floor, which creates good visibility through the whole building. The galleries has got their name since they provides insights into the special rooms that are gathered on the ground floor. At the upper floor there are only baserooms where the students are gathered and spend most of their time. From there they have good overview of the downstairs through the atrium.   The building is divided into three parts. The one far to the west is for middle and high school. The part in between works as the common gathering point and entrance (however, there are separate entrances as well). The part that is far to the east is for primary school. The ground floor area is 4100 sq.m. and the total is a bit over 7400 sq.m. The general arrangement with the baserooms on the upper floor and the special rooms at the ground floor allows students to naturally interact with each other as they move between the floors and share the spaces on the lower floor. However, there are rooms that are more targeted to different grades and they are gathered directly under the specific grades baseroom.   Concepts that have been the basis for the design:   Built in flexibility For the school to have a long life expectancy it has to be able to adapt over time. This is made through generous rooms and light walls that, if needed, can be rebuilt and reprogrammed.   Identity A school has to be able to provide many different types of study environments, so that every individual can find their own preferred space. Since learning is not taking place in a specific time or place, but both in formal learning environments as well as in informal, a school has to provide spaces that allow children to play, move around and try new things in rooms.   Sense of protection Students must feel an affinity with a certain places in school to feel safe. Hence, the baserooms are organized in clusters. Good overview run through the whole building, thanks to the open galleries that provide the insight and control over what happens in the different rooms. / En ny skola bör inte bara anpassa sig till sin tid utan även till framtiden. Men då både individer och årtionden skiljer sig åt finns det inte en enda lösning som fungerar för alla och för alltid. Genom att bygga rationella rum med generösa ytor kan dessa formas och ändra innehåll med tiden. Samtidigt måste man vara försiktig med att skapa fyrkantiga rum som är för rationella. Då tappar byggnaden sin identitet och blir en omotiverande studiemiljö för de barn som rör sig där. Man måste kunna leka, röra på sig och testa nya saker i en skolans rum.   Genom att ta en rationell plan och vrida den 63 grader har jag skapat nya mellanrum och hörn. Detta är positivt då både vuxna och barn måste känna att de kan identifiera sin arbetsplats, den får inte vara för utspridd eller för lös. Samtidigt bör den gärna ligga i en öppen miljö för översikt. De hörnytor som skapas utanför basrummen är således optimala för studiero samt trygghet. Trygghet skapas också genom de långa gallerierna som löper i entréplan. Dessa har dubbel takhöjd och är öppna mot de övre planen vilket skapar siktlinjer genom hela byggnaden. Gallerierna har fått sitt namn då de erbjuder inblickar i de specialsalar som är samlade på bottenplan. På övre plan finns endast basrummen där alla eleverna konstant rör sig och är samlade. Därifrån har de tydlig överblick över nedervåningen genom atriumet.   Byggnadens form är uppdelad i tre delar. Den längst västerut är för mellan och högstadie. Mittendelen är gemensam samlingspunkt och entré (men separata entréer finns) och den delen som är längst österut är för lågstadiet. Den totala bottenarean är drygt 4100 kvm och den samlade arean är drygt 7400 kvm. Den generella programstrukturen med basrum på övre plan och speicalsalar på nedre plan gör att eleverna naturligt interagerar med varandra när de rör sig mellan planen och delar på utrymmena på nedre plan. Dock så finns det rum som är mer riktade mot olika årskurser och de är samlade direkt under dessa årskursers basrum.   Begrepp som har legat till grund för utformningen:   Inbyggd flexibilitet För att ge skolan en lång livslängd måste den kunna anpassas under tid. Detta sker genom generösa rum, lätta väggar som vid behov kan byggas om och omprogrammerade ytor.   Identitet En skola måste kunna erbjuda många olika typer av studiemöjligheter för att kunna vara individanpassad. Men då lärandet inte äger rum i en speciell tid eller plats utan både i formella lärandemiljöer såväl som i informella måste det ges utrymme för att man ska kunna få leka, röra sig och testa nya saker i rum.   Trygghet Elever måste känna en samhörighet med en viss specifik plast i skolan för att känna sig trygg. Därav är basrummen organiserade i kluster. God översikt råder också genom hela byggnaden tack vare de öppna gallerierna som ger insikt och kontroll över vad som sker i de olika rummen.