Ce travail de thèse est consacré à l’étude du couplage d’échange dans des nano-structures de type ferromagnétique-multiferroïque, avec un intérêt particulier dans la compréhension du renversement en température et angulaire de l’aimantation.Au niveau théorique, un modèle numérique de renversement en température de l’aimantation dans des nanoparticules de type cœur-coquille sera présenté. Le code source du programme, implémenté au cours de cette thèse, a été rendu disponible pour la communauté scientifique sous licence libre. Il permet notamment d’introduire une dispersion en taille des particules, et démontrera le rôle clé de la distribution en taille et de la température dans la réponse magnétique des nanoparticules.Au niveau expérimental, une bicouche composée d’un ferromagnétique Ni81Fe19, et d’un multiferroïque magnétoélectrique à température ambianteBiFeO3, est étudiée. Ces couches sont déposées par pulvérisation cathodique radiofréquence, selon différentes épaisseurs de BiFeO3. Leur structure ainsi que leur morphologie sont caractérisées par diffraction des rayons X, microscopie à force atomique et microscopie électronique à transmission, révélant en particulier la polycristallinité de BiFeO3. Le renversement de l’aimantation est analysé par magnétométrie vectorielle à échantillon vibrant, fournissant des mesures angulaires à température ambiante et à 77 K, à l’aide d’un cryostat à immersion développé au cours de cette thèse ; ainsi que par magnétométrie SQUID, avec l’application de deux protocoles spécifiques de refroidissement en température (entre 10 K et 380 K). Les résultats montrent un comportement similaire à ceux obtenus sur des bicouches épitaxiées. Une propriété intrinsèque du BiFeO3 sera proposée comme étant un mécanisme possible conduisant au comportement en température obtenu, à savoir le cantage des spins de BiFeO3 conduisant à une contribution biquadratique du couplage d’échange. Finalement, un phénomène nouveau dans les matériaux couplés par échange sera mis en évidence à température ambiante, c’est-à-dire un traînage angulaire des axes d’anisotropie. / This dissertation presents a study of the exchange coupling in ferromagnetic-multiferroic nanostructures, with specific interest in understanding the thermal and angular reversal of the magnetization.A theorical numerical model of the thermal magnetization reversal in core-shell nanoparticles is presented. The program source code, implemented during this thesis, is freely avaibale to the scientific community under an open-source license. This model, developed during this thesis, allows diameter size dispersion, and demonstrates the key role of the size distribution and temperature in the magnetic response of nanoparticles.The experimentally studied bilayer is composed of a ferromagnetic material, Ni81Fe19, and a room temperature magnetoelectric multiferroic, BiFeO3. Different thicknesses in BiFeO3 were deposited. The structure and morphology of the bilayers were studied using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, revealing in particular the BiFeO3 polycristallinity. The magnetization reversal was probed by vectorial vibrating magnetometry, at room temperature and 77 K, using a self-developped immersive cryostat. The SQUID magnetometry allowed the measurement of two specific cooling protocols between 10 K and 380 K. The results of these two different protocols are similar to the ones obtained for measurements previously reported on expitaxial BiFeO3. An intrinsic property of BiFeO3 is proposed as being the driving mechanism for the thermal dependent magnetization reversal: the canting of the BiFeO3 spins leading to a biquadratic contribution to the exchange coupling. Finally, a new phenomenon in exchange coupled materials is shown at room temperature, which corresponds to an angular training of the anisotropy axes.

Coping with relapse in the drug addiction treatment is a frequent problem. To accept and admit a possibility of a relapse in an individual, which has already a took part, and duly finished his residential treatment, is important for his future life in abstinence. Relapses must be seen as a natural part of the therapeutic process and its needed to prepare clients and their families to them, during the treatment. Relapses might lead client to a deeper self-knowledge and also to gain the ability to recognize and manage risk situations. Research work was aimed on clients, who underwent at least one or more attempts to addiction treatment, which, although they completed it in due time, they are unable to remain in longer abstinence of drugs, and are reaching back to fall into previous level of drug dosage. Aim of this work was to map into more detaile the factors stading in the backround of relapse in an individual client after each treatment, to examine the circumstances, motivation for abstinence, decisions, and mental states, which clients were aware before starting the relapse, by using semi - structured interviews and anamnestic data. The basic findings of this research include the changing causes which trigger relapses in the majority of clients who had repeated treatments. There was a lack of...

Background: Abstinent woman, former alcohol user, who is in marriage with active alcohol user. Concept co-dependency (Kudrle, 2003, Whitfield, 1991). Determination, agreement and the will of the married couple for participation in this case study concerning alcohol use and its effects on their coexistence. Objectives and research questions: The main objective of this thesis was to investigate the coexistence of an alcohol-dependent husband with abstinent wife. The main research question was: How is the coexistence of dependent partner with abstinent wife? Additional research questions were: 1) Does, the coexistence look as harmonic in the eyes of the couple and does it fulfil the image of the ideal partnership? 2) What is the role of the respondents in the partnership - is there a sign of co-dependency? 3) Which are the relaps prevention techniques the wife use for maintaining the abstinence? 4) What circumstance or situations may motivate the husband to quit alcohol use? Methodology: The gathering of data for this case study was done by qualitative approach. The main collection methods were the semi-structures in-depth interviews (Miovský, 2006). As the additional methods the study of the medical records of respondents, Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) (WHO, 1996), Alcohol Use Disorders...

By controlling the inheritance of sex, the sex determination mechanism constrains sex allocation strategies and sex ratio adaptation; however, sex ratio selection also influences the evolution of sex determination mechanisms. Much of the sex determination literature focuses on how sex determination mechanisms transition between genetic and environmental factors (i.e. GSD vs. ESD), and if genetic sex factors are involved, how many (e.g. chromosomal vs polygenic systems). The study of sex allocation largely focuses on deviations in sex ratio from a theoretically 1:1 evolutionarily stable strategy, such as when sex ratios reflect ‘cost’ differences between the sexes. Tigriopus californicus is a tidepool copepod with polygenic sex determination, and shows wide variability in sex ratios in the field and lab that cannot be explained by genetic and stochastic processes alone, which suggests that an environmental variable might influence sex ratio. Females and their offspring were fed diets of different nutritional quality in a crossed design, and the sex ratio of each clutch was recorded for up to 8 clutches from a given female: this design allowed the influence of female diet vs. that of her offspring to be distinguished. The clutch sex ratio changed over the laying order according to the offspring’s diet, which is evidence for environmental sex determination in this species. Sex ratio also showed the influence of maternal diet, consistent with sex allocation theory. While dietary carotenoids showed no association with sex ratio or clutch size, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (particularly EPA and DHA) were implicated as the agent of sex ratio effect, providing a direction for future studies. The situation of T. californicus at the intersection of major themes in sex evolution makes this system an ideal model for selection studies. / Graduate / 2018-09-13

Individual differences in fecundity often serve as proxies for differences in overall fitness, especially when it is difficult to track the fate of an individual's offspring to reproductive maturity. Using fecundity may be biased, however, if density-dependent interactions between siblings affect survival and reproduction of offspring from high- and low-fecundity parents differently. To test for such density-dependent effects in plants, we sowed seeds of the wildflower Ipomopsis aggregata (scarlet gilia) to mimic partially overlapping seed shadows of pairs of plants, one of which produced twice as many seeds. We tested for differences in offspring success using a genetic marker to track offspring to flowering multiple years later. Without density dependence, the high-fecundity parent should produce twice as many surviving offspring. We also developed a model that considered the geometry of seed shadows and assumed limited survivors so that the number of juvenile recruits is proportional to the area. Rather than a ratio of 2:1 offspring success from high- versus low-fecundity parents, our model predicted a ratio of 1.42:1, which would translate into weaker selection. Empirical ratios of juvenile offspring and of flowers produced conformed well to the model's prediction. Extending the model shows how spatial relationships of parents and seed dispersal patterns modify inferences about relative fitness based solely on fecundity.

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Demuestra mediante el estudio, evolución y análisis de un caso clínico la teoría propuesta por Jorge Castelló Blanco (2005) acerca del constructo de dependencia emocional. El tipo de investigación fue un estudio de caso de tipo único. Así, se evaluó a una mujer de 36 años diagnosticada por un profesional de la salud mental con depresión mayor. Las técnicas de recolección de información e instrumntos utilizados fueron ; observación de conducta , entrevista y anamesis de la evaluada, Inventario de Cociente Emocional Baron ICE, Inventario de personalidad Neo Pi-R, Inventario Clínico Multiaxial Millon II, Inventario de Dependencia Emocional-IDE, Entrevista Clínica para la Dependencia Emocional y se incluyó tambien una entrevista a una persona allegada a la evaluada . Los resultados obtenidos en este caso permitieron ejmplificar la Teoría de Castelló (2005) y sus distintos aspectos acerca de la dependencia emocional. Igualmente, se descartó el diagnóstico de depresión mayor para ser reemplazado por el de dependencia emocional. / The aim of this research was to exemplify, by the study, development and analysis of a clinical case, the theory proposed by Jorge Castelló Blasco (2005) about the construct of emotional dependence. The type of research was a single type case. Therefore, a 36- year-old woman, who was diagnosed with major depression by a health professional, was evaluated. The techniques for collecting information and instruments used were: Subject´s behavior observation, interview and anamnesis, BarOn Quotient Emotional Inventory, Revised Neo Pi-R Inventory, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II, Emotional Dependency Inventory – IDE, Emotional Dependence Clinical Interview and an interview to a close person. The results obtained allows us to exemplify Castello´s theory (2005) and its aspects about the emotional dependency. In adittion, the diagnosis of major depression was replaced by the emotional dependence diagnosis. / Tesis

Diploma thesis describes situation of Russian federation as an energy power. It is concerned with relationships of EU and Russia, especially with the distribution of russian energy resources to Europe. It describes projected gas pipelines, which do not cross the territory of Ukraine. Thesis analyses European union dependence on energy supplies (especially gas supplies) from Russia and is concerned with the question of Energy security. In the thesis there are introduced both relationships of Russia and EU (one subchapter is devoted also to relationships of Russia and Czech republic) and relationships of Russia and China -- rising and rapidly growing economy which needs a lot of energy resources to its growth, therefore China increases its energy demand and turns its interest to Russia. The main contribution of the thesis is conducted analysis of the situation of Russia as energy power and analysis of russian relationships with Europe (and china) and mentioned solutions of EU-Russia dependence on gas supplies.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Vad är det som mest påverkar de känslomässiga upplevelserna hos personer med substansbrukssyndrom och psykisk ohälsa? Finns det positiva aspekter i substansanvändning och hur en psykisk ohälsa kan förändra personens existens? Vad känner de människorna som lider så mycket att de ofta inte själva kan beskriva eller sätta ord på sina känslor? Ett upplevt lidande följer en människa livet ut. Människan är i grunden sårbar och beroende av andra. En dyrköpt men värdefull erfarenhet följer i försoningens spår efter genomgånget lidande. Syfte: Att sammanställa känslomässiga upplevelser hos personer med substansbrukssyndrom och psykisk ohälsa. Metod: Studien är utförd som en litteraturöversikt av kvalitativ forskning. De vetenskapliga studierna beskrev upplevelser hos vuxna män och kvinnor i åldern från 18 år. Substansbruk omfattade narkotika och alkohol. Resultat: Resultat baseras på 18 vetenskapliga studier om upplevelser av att leva med substansbrukssyndrom och psykisk ohälsa. Det presenteras två huvudkategorier och 14 subkategorier. Den lidande kvinnan: Våld under barndomen och i vuxen ålder; Partnerskap och lidande; Att vara mamma med substansbrukssyndrom; Hemlöshet och lidande; Kvinnans hopp om en bättre framtid; Rehabilitering och stöd; Alkohol i kvinnornas värld; Vårdpersonalens syn på kvinnans komplexa behov. Manlig uppfattning och upplevelser av substansbrukssyndrom: En svår barndom och utveckling av substansberoende; Försök att sluta med substansberoende; Ett självdestruktivt liv; Ingen plats i samhället; Lidande under sjukhusvistelse; Alkohol i männens värld. Slutsats: Det uppsamlade materialet var fyllt av mestadels svåra upplevelser och borde beaktas av vårdpersonal vid omvårdnaden av personer som har både substansbrukssyndrom och psykisk ohälsa. / Summary Background: What is it that has the greatest influence on the emotional experiences of people with substance abuse syndrome and mental illness? Are there positive aspects of substance use and how mental illness can change the person's existence? What do the people feel that go through so much suffering that they often cannot describe or express their feelings themselves? A person who experiences suffering follows the person all through life. Man is basically vulnerable and dependant. A hard fought but valuable experience follows in the path of reconciliation after going through suffering Purpose: To compile emotional experiences in people with substance abuse syndrome and mental illness. Method: The study is done as a literature review of qualitative research. The scientific studies described experiences of adult men and women aged 18 years and over. The uses of substances include drugs and alcohol. Result: The result is based on 18 scientific studies about experiences from living with substance abuse syndrome and mental illness. Two main categories and 14 subcategories are presented. The suffering woman: Violence during childhood and adulthood; Partnership and suffering; Being a mother with substance abuse syndrome; Homelessness and suffering; Women's hope for a better future; Rehabilitation and support; Alcohol in the world of women.; Healthcare staff's view of the complex needs of women. Male perception and experiences of substance abuse syndrome: A difficult childhood and the emergence of substance addiction; Attempts to end substance dependence; A self-destructive life; No place in society; Suffering during hospitalization; Alcohol in the world of men. Conclusion: The collected material was filled with mostly difficult experiences and should be taken into consideration by healthcare professionals in the care of people who have both substance abuse syndrome and mental illness.

We estimate the speed of income convergence for a sample of 196 European NUTS 2 regions over the period 1985-1999. So far there is no direct estimator available for dynamic panels with strong spatial dependencies. We propose a two-step procedure, which involves first spatial filtering of the variables to remove the spatial correlation, and application of standard GMM estimators for dynamic panels in a second step. Our results show that ignorance of the spatial correlation leads to potentially misleading results. Applying a system GMM estimator on the filtered variables, we obtain a speed of convergence of 6.9 per cent and a capital elasticity of 0.43. / Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut