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Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-01-25T17:03:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Denilson Matos.pdf: 754229 bytes, checksum: 8558b47d13c368319d34b07f0d57a4b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T17:03:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denilson Matos.pdf: 754229 bytes, checksum: 8558b47d13c368319d34b07f0d57a4b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-03 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The purpose of this research is to analyze the Passio Sanctorum Perpetuae et Felicitatis, highlighting how this martyrdom report presents its main characters, that is, as the martyrs are built narratively. The research works martyrdom in early Christianity as a discursive phenomenon, that is, as a practice that emerges from a discursive interaction between the main cultures in constant dialogue in the early centuries of the Christian era, Greco-Roman, Jewish and Christian. For this analysis, we will dialogue with the works of Judith Perkins and Candida Moss, Christine Trevett, William Tabbernee, Rex D. Butler, among others, as well as we will use the dialogic concept of Mikhail Bakhtin. The research also discusses the latest research about the martyrdom theme. By examining this ideology developed in early Christianity could identify the discursive construction of a character linked to the practice martyrdom, the martyr. We present the various characteristics attributed to the martyr in a corpus of early Christian texts known as Acts of the martyrs, highlighting the high status achieved by these men and women who faced death. The martyr, to face and experience death receives invaluable powers, which makes it a special person, an ideal Christian who is above the ecclesiastical hierarchy and even the heavenly hierarchy. The Passio Sanctorum perpetuae et Felicitatis is an example of early Christian literature that shares these ideas that pervade the early centuries of the Christian era. By analyzing the plot of the narrative composition of martyrdom report identified traces of the discourse on martyrdom and the martyr present in early Christianity. / O propósito desta pesquisa é analisar a Passio Sanctorum Perpetuae et Felicitatis, destacando como este relato de martírio apresenta suas personagens principais, isto é, como os mártires são construídos narrativamente. A pesquisa trabalha o martírio no cristianismo primitivo como um fenômeno discursivo, ou seja, como uma prática surge de uma interação discursiva entre as principais culturas em constante diálogo nos primeiros séculos da era cristã, a greco-romana, judaica e cristã. Para tal análise, dialogaremos com as obras de Judith Perkins e Candida Moss, Christine Trevett, Willian Tabbernee, Rex D. Butler, entre outros, bem como nos utilizaremos do conceito de dialogismo de Mikhail Bakhtin. A pesquisa discute, também, as mais recentes pesquisas acerca do tema do martírio. Ao examinar esta ideologia desenvolvida no cristianismo primitivo pôde-se identificar a construção discursiva de uma personagem atrelada à prática martírio, o mártir. Apresentamos as diversas características atribuídas ao mártir num corpo de textos do cristianismo primitivo conhecidos como Atas dos mártires, destacando o status elevado alcançados por esses homens e mulheres que enfrentaram a morte. O mártir, ao enfrentar e experimentar a morte recebe poderes inestimáveis, que o torna uma pessoa especial, um cristão ideal que se encontra acima da hierarquia eclesiástica e até mesmo da hierarquia celestial. A Passio Sanctorum Perpetuae et Felicitatis é um exemplo de literatura cristã primitiva que partilha dessas ideias que perpassam os primeiros séculos da era cristã. Ao analisar o enredo da composição narrativa deste relato de martírio identificamos traços do discurso sobre o martírio e sobre o mártir presentes no cristianismo primitivo.

The arbitration proceeding is characterized for being an efficient, impartial, and above all a transparent mechanism, wherefore various private and public entities have aimed to it in order to solve their patrimonial controversies. Nevertheless, there is a sector within the doctrine that maintains that, on the assumption that the matter to arbitrate comes from legal relationships marked by corruption, the arbitration court should declare the unarbitrability of the matter, since it would violate the public order.The present paper will broach the impact of the entitled «Clean Hands Doctrine» on certain Law branches, its origins on the worldwide legal systems, the relation of it with other legal entities on which it is based on, and we will discuss international legal precedents on the matter, as well as the possible application of this doctrine to arbitration proceedings on a local context and in public procurements matter. / El arbitraje se caracteriza por ser un mecanismo imparcial, eficaz y sobre todo, transparente, motivo por el cual entidades privadas y estatales se abocan al mismo con la finalidad de resolver sus controversias patrimoniales. No obstante, existe un sector de la doctrina que sostiene que, cuando la materia a arbitrar provenga de relaciones jurídicas revestidas de corrupción, el tribunal arbitral debería declarar la inarbitrabilidad de la materia, pues se estaría vulnerando el orden público.El presente trabajo abordará la incidencia de la denominada «Clean Hands Doctrine» en determinadas ramas del Derecho, sus orígenes en los sistemas jurídicos del mundo, su relación con otras figuras jurídicas en las cuales se sustenta, y comentaremos tanto la jurisprudencia internacional al respecto, como la posible aplicación de esta doctrina al arbitraje en el contexto nacional, en materia de contrataciones con el Estado.

Há grande probabilidade de termos comunidades de fé em nossos dias como aquela descrita em Atos dos Apóstolos, na qual não havia nenhum necessitado. O que nos falta? Examinando bem as lideranças daquela igreja, bem como a própria vida e exemplo de Jesus, a generosidade era algo marcante e decisivo para determinar as ações. Mas de onde vinha isso? O Antigo Testamento deixa muitíssimo claro que desde o princípio o Criador e Deus de Israel tinha em mente uma sociedade de justiça. Essas providências e provisões são apresentadas em inúmeras passagens do Pentateuco, elas são louvadas nos livros de sabedoria, e os profetas as proclamam destemidamente, tirando quaisquer dúvidas quanto à origem do movimento social que tomou conta da primeira comunidade de fé. Ao examinar os currículos de uma seleção de nossas escolas de teologia, porém, descobrimos que não existe esta compreensão da importância da generosidade na liderança de nossas comunidades de fé. O ensino teológico está alcançando um nível cada vez mais elaborado, científico o que é muito bom, mas a sensibilidade solidária precisa ser cultivada. Para isso, precisa ser exemplificada, vivida, passada adiante. E se não começou no próprio lar, precisa ter seu início na igreja. Zaqueu, após o momento de graça com o Mestre, sabia muito bem o que fazer com os seus bens materiais pois conhecia as Escrituras. Propomos um currículo que coloque a generosidade como a marca do egresso um desafio que exigirá unidade na instituição, um corpo docente coeso, capaz e flexível, e a dedicação dos alunos, em sala de aula, nos projetos, em seus relacionamentos, na família, na comunidade. Ficará óbvio também que o neoliberalismo, o individualismo e o consumismo acabarão sendo desmascarados neste processo de formação pastoral. / There is a high probability of having faith communities in our day as the one described in Acts of the Apostles, in which there was no need. What do we lack? Examining the leaders of the early church as well as the life and example of Jesus, generosity was something striking and decisive to determine their actions. But where did this come from? The Old Testament makes it abundantly clear that from the beginning the Creator and God of Israel had in mind a society of justice. These measures and provisions are found in innumerous passages of the Pentateuch, they are praised in the books of wisdom, and the prophets proclaim them fearlessly taking away any doubts as to the origin of the social movement that swept the first community of faith. By examining the curricula of a selection of our schools of theology, however, we dont find this understanding of the importance of generosity in the leadership of our communities of faith. Theological training in Brazil is reaching an increasingly more elaborate, scientific plateau - which is very good, but the need to cultivate solidary sensitivity is obvious. For that purpose it must be exemplified, lived out, passed on. And if the process did not start at home, it must have its beginning in the church. Zacchaeus, after the moment of grace with the Master, knew very well what to do with his possessions - because he knew the Scriptures. We propose a curriculum that places generosity as the brand of the graduates - a challenge that will require unity in the institution, a faculty that is cohesive, capable and flexible, and the dedication of the students in the classroom, in the projects, in their relationships, family, in the community. It will also become obvious that neoliberalism, individualism and consumerism will eventually be unmasked in the process of forming a new generation of pastors.

Esta pesquisa busca identificar se a doutrina dos apóstolos mencionada em At 2.47 reflete os ensinamentos obtidos pelos apóstolos a partir do Movimento de Jesus, à luz do contexto canônico e extracanônico dos períodos do Antigo Testamento, Intertestamentário e do Novo Testamento, e se esses ensinos refletiram o processo formativo dos ensinos legados por Jesus no decorrer do período de três anos e meio de vida terrena do Mestre, resultando no Cristianismo. A primeira parte revela como Deus se comunica com seu povo. Para isso, entra em cena a figura do profeta, que vai discursar em favor de uma reaproximação do povo com o Deus da aliança. A promessa dada é no sentido de restaurar a comunhão desde que sejam abandonadas as práticas cultuais das nações vizinhas a Israel. A trilogia castigo-arrependimento-perdão é anunciada como condição de restauração da nação assolada por invasores. A segunda parte mostra como, ao serem removidos da terra, os israelitas passaram a ansiar pela restauração do reino de Israel e como o retorno do exílio é marcado pela esperança de um recomeço, no qual as promessas anunciadas pelos profetas se cumpririam e como o Senhor dos Exércitos novamente pelejaria por seu povo, tendo à frente um Libertador nos moldes de Moisés. Mostra como o Messias é aguardado com ansiedade e como o jugo romano acirra os ânimos nacionalistas. É o contexto em que surge na Palestina a figura de Jesus, em meio a um caldo cultural e a diversos segmentos religiosos que tinham uma interpretação própria das Escrituras judaicas. O Movimento de Jesus nasce na Galileia e, após a morte de seu líder, seus seguidores recebem a incumbência de prosseguir a mobilização em prol da implantação do Reino de Deus, e não se dirige mais apenas aos nacionais de Israel, mas a todos os povos e a todas as nações. A terceira e última parte revela como os seguidores de Jesus levaram adiante suas propostas: como se estabeleceram, como se organizaram e como disseminaram o legado de Jesus. Revela também os personagens que se destacaram após a ascensão de Jesus, e o papel de cada um na propagação do evangelho e na consolidação do Cristianismo, estrutura que se seguiu ao Movimento de Jesus. / This research seeks to identify if the doctrine of the apostles mentioned in Acts 2:47 reflects the teachings received by the apostles from the Jesus Movement, in the light of the canonical and extra canonical context of the Old Testament, Intertestamental and New Testament periods, and if these teachings reflected the formative process of the teachings left by Jesus during the three and a half year period of terrestrial life of the Master, resulting in Christianity. The first part reveals how God communicates with his people. For this, the figure of the prophet comes into play, which will discourse in favor of a re-approximation of the people with the God of the covenant. The promise given is in the sense of restoring the communion if the worship practices of Israels neighboring nations are abandoned. The trilogy punishment-repentance-forgiveness is announced as a condition for the restauration of the nation assailed by invaders. The second part shows how, upon their being uprooted from the land, the Israelites come to yearn for the restauration of the kingdom of Israel and how the return from the exile is marked by the hope for a new beginning, in which the promises announced by the prophets would be fulfilled and how the Lord of Hosts would once again fight for his people, having at the fore a Liberator in the patterns of Moses. It shows how the Messiah is anxiously awaited and how the Roman yoke exacerbates the nationalist tempers. It is in this context that the figure of Jesus emerges in Palestine in the midst of a cultural mix and various religious segments which had their own interpretation of the Jewish Scriptures. The Jesus Movement is birthed in Galilee and after the death of its leader, its followers receive the task of continuing the mobilization in favor of the implantation of the Kingdom of God, and it is no longer directed only toward the nationals of Israel but to all peoples and all nations. The third and last part reveals how the followers of Jesus carried on his proposals: how they established themselves, how they organized themselves and how they propagated the legacy of Jesus. It also reveals the characters which stood out after the ascension of Jesus and the role of each one in the propagation of the Gospel and in the consolidation of Christianity, the structure that followed the Jesus Movement.

The thesis deals with the epistemic modality, its types and modes of expression in specialized Spanish and Czech texts. The aim of this thesis is to perform a comparative analysis which is based on a statistical analysis of linguistic texts. The introduction primarily concentrates on the different typologies of Czech and foreign authors, the classification of modal attitudes, and the lexical and grammatical means of expressing modality. The result of this thesis is the comparison of the frequency that can be observed between the aforementioned languages.

ABSTRACT (deutsch) Das Lukasevangelium ist ein literarisches Werk in Form einer Erzählung. Die Pharisäer spielen darin eine zentrale Rolle als wichtigste Gruppe der Gegenspieler Jesu. Die Methode der narrativen Exegese ist daher geeignet, die Darstellung der Pharisäer zu analysieren und eine literarische Charakterisierung vorzunehmen. Eine Untersuchung aller Texte des Lukasevangeliums, in denen Pharisäer erwähnt werden, ergibt ein komplexes und facettenreiches Pharisäerporträt. Die Pharisäer werden primär negativ dargestellt, als religiöse Führer, die die göttliche Sendung Jesu, seine Vollmacht und seinen Auftrag, nicht erkennen und ablehnen. Die Pharisäer haben eine Kontrastfunktion innerhalb der Gesamterzählung des Lukasevangeliums. Sie dienen als Negativfolie, auf der die Bedeutung der Hauptfigur Jesus umso heller aufleuchtet. Ein Merkmal des Lukasevangeliums ist jedoch, dass dieses primär negative Bild durch die erzählerische Darstellung mehrfach abgeschwächt wird. Der Erzähler zeichnet kein einseitiges Pharisäerbild (flat character), sondern differenziert deutlich (mehr als die anderen Synoptiker). Er verzichtet bei der Präsentation ihres Verhaltens und ihrer Worte weitgehend auf explizit feindliche Aspekte. Er deutet eine relative Nähe zwischen Jesus und den Pharisäern an. Eine abschließende negative Wertung oder Verurteilung der Pharisäer unterbleibt. Auffällig ist die komplette Auslassung der Rolle der Pharisäer beim Prozess gegen Jesus. Die Reaktion Jesu auf die Pharisäer ist geprägt von Milde und Hoffnung, trotz vereinzelter scharfer Auseinandersetzungen. Jesus ist bei allen Begegnungen mit den Pharisäern bemüht, ihnen zur Erkenntnis seiner Person als göttlichem Gesandten zu verhelfen und sie zur Umkehr zu bewegen. ABSTRACT (english) The Gospel of Luke is a literary work in narrative form in which the Pharisees play a central role as the most important group in opposition to Jesus. Thus narrative exegesis is an appropriate method to analyse the presentation of the Pharisees and to undertake a literary characterisation of their role. An examination of all the texts in Luke's Gospel which mention the Pharisees yields a complex, multi-facetted portrait of the Pharisees. The Pharisees, characterised primarily negatively as religious leaders, neither recognise nor acknowledge the divine mission of Jesus, nor his authority nor mandate. Rather the Pharisees function in juxtaposition to Christ and his ministry within the overall narrative of Luke's Gospel. They serve as a negative backdrop against which the central figure of Jesus appears all the more significant, indeed even radiant. However, it is one trait of Luke's Gospel that this primarily negative picture is repeatedly softened by the narrative presentation. The narrator does not paint a one-sided picture of the Pharisees (flat character) but differentiates clearly in his presentation (more than the other Synoptic Gospels do). In his presentation of the Pharisees' behaviour and words the author to a large extent forgoes mentioning explicitly hostile aspects, but rather intimates the relative proximity between Jesus and the Pharisees. There is no final negative evaluation or judgement passed on the Pharisees. It is noteworthy that there is a complete omission of the role of the Pharisees in the legal proceedings and court trials against Jesus. Jesus' reaction to the Pharisees is nevertheless one of gentleness and hope, despite a few acrimonious conflicts recounted in the narrative. In all of his encounters with Pharisees Jesus endeavours to help them recognise himself as divine envoy and to move them to repentance. / New Testament / M.Th.

This study analyses the social function of glossolalia in the narrative world of the book of Acts. In so doing, it addresses the lack of scholarship related to treating glossolalic references from social scientific perspectives. Particularly noted is the absence in the literature of adequate treatments of the Ephesian disciples pericope in Acts 18:24–19:7, which this study seeks to correct. Through application of Berger and Luckmann’s sociology of knowledge models, this study argues that reading Luke-Acts as the author’s legitimation of the Jesus movement’s social world is a valid, even preferred reading of the literature. Tracing the development of Luke’s legitimation conceptual machinery reveals the social conflict background that to a large degree motivated its writing and organized its content. The purity-related conflicts between circumcision loyalists and Jesus followers from the Gentile world that dominate the second half of Acts is of particular interest to this research. This study demonstrates how Luke uses glossolalia as a divinely initiated marker of Gentile purity status to legitimate new social boundaries that supersede circumcision. These new social boundaries, marked by glossolalia, represent an integral component of the Jesus movement’s revised purity map, relative to temple-centred Yahwism. The legitimation reading, including Luke’s construction and validation of the Jesus group’s symbolic universe and its conclusions regarding the social function of glossolalia, is applied to the Ephesian disciples pericope. This study argues that the events narrated in this passage represent a continuing social conflict between circumcision loyalists and Gentile converts. Luke narrates the events in Acts 18:24–19:7 in order to correct a deviant baptism teaching (John’s baptism) that was propagated with the intent, based on purity concerns and prejudice, to marginalize Gentiles from full social integration into the Jesus community. Demonstrating that glossolalia functions as a social boundary marker that supersedes circumcision and that this best informs our interpretation of the Ephesian disciples pericope fully integrates this narrative event into Luke’s literary programme. / New Testament / D. Th. (New Testament)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between Education Acts and learner dropout at public schools within the South-Central education region of Botswana. Policy-related dropout Theories of Social Class and the hidden curriculum of work, as well as the Inclusive Education Policy were selected as suitable framework-settings for investigating the research problem. A comprehensive review of the literature revealed that the strategies used to implement the Basic Education Act, the Examinations Act, and Policies on Inclusive Education in Botswana diverge from their set stipulations and the current international trends in this regard. The research design used was a mixed-methods approach. Mixed paradigms of the positivists’ and the constructivists’ beliefs were used to conduct a concurrent empirical investigation. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire instrument (non-demographic variables 1-26) was .985 (close to 1). All the measuring tools were pilot-tested. The sampling technique was stratified for the questionnaire, and was comprehensive for the qualitative instruments. Ethical issues were observed during the course of the study. The scores on the questionnaire showed that 68% of the 75 teacher respondents perceived that the improper implementation of the above-named Acts contributed to learner drop-out. The content analysis transcripts further indicated that 66% of the 28 interviewees linked learner drop-out to the improper implementation of the Acts. Additionally, 84% of the Biology teachers linked the teaching strategies being used to policy decisions. The interpretation of this study has to take note of the limitation discussed in the report. The conclusion drawn from the foregoing research findings is that the teaching-learning process in the public schools is defective in relation to its relevance to the learners, and the education goal. The study therefore recommended dropout tracking strategies by means of a greater synchrony between all the departments of the Ministry of Education Skills and Development (MOESD) as well as further comprehensive research to improve education practice towards curbing learner dropout. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)

A Pragmatic Analysis of Olunyole Idiom examines the functionality of Olunyole idioms in socio-cultural interactional contexts. The study investigates the relationship between the construction and interpretation of Olunyole idioms and the representation of the social reality as reflected in the native speakers’ (Abanyole) world view. The study employs the descriptive qualitative research design and builds on the functional approach to the study of language. The Olunyole idioms are collected from the initial sample of over 240 native speakers through language elicitation tests. The idioms collected are subjected to confirmation through ethnographic observation and questionnaires involving a further 30 native speakers. Interviews and focused discussions with a purposively selected sample of sixteen elderly native speaker informants provide further confirmation and linguistic insight into the functionality of the Olunyole idioms.framework in interrogating the role of language in social structure and organization within contextualised interactional conversations involving Olunyole idioms. The data of idiomatic expressions is analyzed into pragmatic domains that characterize the Abanyole perceptions of their world view as a speech community. It is concluded that the idioms project the people’s cultural beliefs and perpetuate the norms and values of the speakers in their mutual interactive use of language. The Olunyole idiomatic utterances regulate the people’s behaviour for harmonious co-existence. The composition and comprehension of the idioms is therefore context-dependent in realizing deliberate acts that control social interaction. The study contributes to the attempts to preserve and promote the African Languages. It is recommended that studies need to be carried out on the other systems of Olunyole idioms such as the syntactic structure. Furthermore, the investigation between idioms and other levels of indirect language could provide enriching insights in Language and Linguistics. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil.(African Languages)