Elective participation varies considerably among domestic and foreign born young adults. In 2014, there was a difference of 16,1 percentage among domestic and foreign born men in electoral participation and between women there was a difference of 19,3 percentage. In democracies, political equality is important where all citizens have the same political right. The purpose is to answear how political acts are seen among young adults (18-25 years old) domestic and foreign born and if there are similarities and differences and if the political acts are based on their living conditions. This is a qualitative study because I want to get the respondents’ responses at the individual level through interviews. The study showed no difference among domestic or foreign born to political acts based on their living conditions. The reason for that may be the respondents who were foreign born came to Sweden as children and had taken part in society in the same way as a native born.

Le traité Péri Parrhêsias (PHerc. 1471) de Philodème de Gadara représente une source majeure pour la compréhension de la parrhêsia épicurienne. Malgré l’état fort dégradé du papyrus, cependant contrebalancé par les ébauches d’éditions transmises par Henry, l’éditeur actuel, et par les résultats de la recherche bibliologique effectuée par White, une interprétation thématique du manuel Péri Parrhêsias, Sur la franchise, a été rendue possible, de telle sorte qu’elle peut désormais servir de fondement pour examiner la place de la parrhêsia dans les Actes des apôtres. En comparant la manière dont Luc utilise la parrhêsia avec celle de Philodème, il apparaît que la première s’appuie sur la seconde, tous les thèmes philodémiens étant présents dans quasiment toutes les péricopes lucaniennes. Néanmoins, Luc adapte la parrhêsia à son propre projet narratif, tout en lui donnant un rôle stratégique pour décrire l’expansion de l’évangile jusqu’aux extrémités de la terre. / The Peri Parrhêsias treatise (PHerc. 1471) of Philodemus of Gadara represents a major source for the comprehension of Epicurean parrhêsia. In spite of the extremely deteriorated condition of the papyrus, nevertheless compensated by the draft editions transmitted by the current editor, Henry, and by the results of the bibliological research effectuated by White, a thematic interpretation of the manuel Peri Parrhêsias, On frankness, has been made possible, in such a way as to provide henceforth a basis to examine the role of parrhêsia in the Acts of the Apostles. When comparing the manner in which Luke employs parrhêsia with that of Philodemus, it is apparent that the first relies on the latter, all of the Philodemus themes being present in practically all of the Lucan pericopae. However, Luke adapts the parrhêsia to his own narrative project, all while giving it a strategic role in describing the expansion of the Gospel unto the end.

In the last few years, migration towards Europe has intensified as a result of poverty and war in other parts of the world. Now, the European Union finds itself in a “refugee crisis” that has brought about contrasting reactions from within European societies. While many civil society organizations have mobilized for the inclusion of asylum seekers and undocumented migrants, governments have increasingly focused on restricting access and limiting their numbers. This study seeks to understand and explain the role of civil society in the refugee crisis. To this end, citizenship and framing theories are applied to the case of the Swedish Red Cross. Specific “acts of citizenship” carried out by the Red Cross in Sweden, and in Europe more generally, are analyzed. The study’s findings suggest that this civil society organization/movement acts as both a “denationalizing” (Sassen 2002) and a “post-nationalizing” (Bosniak 2006) force as it pushes the boundaries of citizenship from within and beyond the borders of the nation-state. It does this by calling upon international humanitarian and human rights laws and principles and by positioning itself inside and outside the political system at the same time.

Quels sont les « savoirs ancestraux » des « peuples et nations indigènes » reconnus par la Constitution adoptée par l'Équateur en 1998? L’étude ethnographique d’une communauté kayambi permet de mieux comprendre comment la dynamique des mutations à l’œuvre dans cette société porte et est portée par la parole mythique et rituelle. Elle montre comment, d’années en années, à la fin juin, les rituels associés à la fête de San Pedro se perpétuent en dépit des changements qui affectent les conditions de vie des Kayambi et pourquoi l’Aya-Uma, figure centrale de ces rituels et synthèse de l'histoire de l'imaginaire kayambi, n'est pas qu'une figure du patrimoine. La parole mythique recueillie auprès des Kayambi lors de très nombreux entretiens a permis de reconstituer un système associant aussi bien les thèmes introduits par l’évangélisation que ceux de l’univers aquatique des Apus ou les éléments de la faune et de la flore. Cette parole ambivalente s’est révélée peuplée de figures elles-mêmes ambivalentes telles que la Chificha, le Condor, Sanson, ou le Chisilongo.Lorsque les Kayambi disent leurs mythes et performent leurs rites ils produisent, pour leur propre communauté, l’expression de leur réalité du moment. Ce faisant ils interprètent leur propre histoire en tant que groupe social communautaire et, parce qu’ils sont en contact avec lui, celle du groupe social plus large que constitue l’Equateur. Les institutions kayambi, à la fois héritage des contraintes coloniales et éléments, constamment réinventés, de l’organisation sociale, constituent un ensemble dont chaque composante ne peut fonctionner isolément.Les paroles mythiques et rituelles des Kayambi portent un ensemble de savoirs correspondant à une médiation sociopolitique collective dont les actes ne se réduisent pas aux moments rituels mais s’étendent à l’ensemble des relations. La préservation de ces savoirs, condition de survie du système social kayambi, repose sur la faculté de transmettre les récits mythiques et d’accomplir les rites. / What are the "traditional knowledge" of the "indigenous peoples and nations" recognized by the 1998 Ecuador Constitution?The ethnographic study of a Kayambi community allows to understand how the dynamics of the changes is carried through mythical and ritual speech. Year after year, in late June, the rituals associated with the festival of San Pedro are perpetuated despite changes that affect the lives and situation of the Kayambi and why Aya-Uma, the central figure of these rituals and a representational synthesis of the history of the Kayambi, and not only a simple patrimonial figure.Mythical speech collected from Kayambi during interviews lends to the reconstruction of a complexe system combining themes introduced by evangelization and the underwater world of the Apus, or elements of fauna and flora. This ambivalent speech is populated by ambivalent figures such as Chificha, Condor, Sanson or Chisilongo.When Kayambi speak their myths and perform their rites they express the reality of the moment for their own community. In so doing they interpret not only their own history, as a social group but the wider social group they are in contact with, that is the nation of Ecuador itself. The Kayambi institutions, both legacy of the colonial coercive order and restructuring elements, constantly reinvent kayambi social organization as a set. They cannot be considered in isolation.Mythical and ritual expressionss should be considered as complementary knowledges acting as a socio-political mediation. Their acts are not confined to ritual moments but extend to all social relations. Thus the preservation of this knowledge is a survival condition of Kayambi social system.

Este estudio se centra en las vidas de cinco mujeres mexicanas—Malintzin, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Leona Vicario, Rosario Castellanos y Julieta Venegas—de cinco etapas históricas diferentes de México—la Conquista, el Virreinato de Nueva España, la lucha por la independencia, la modernidad y lo contemporáneo—al estudiar el uso que cada figura hace de su “Voz” según la época. Empieza presentando y descomponiendo el concepto de “malinchismo” revisando los detalles reconocidos de la vida de Malintzin/doña Marina/la Malinche. Después, continúa con un resumen de ciertos aspectos interesantes de las vidas de cada figura, empezando con Sor Juana y concluyendo con Julieta Venegas. En cada capítulo hay un análisis del uso de la Voz por medio de obras asociadas con cada figura. En cuanto a Malintzin, es necesario revisar las crónicas en las que ella aparece como protagonista. En el capítulo de Sor Juana, analizo principalmente los villancicos escritos para la celebración de la Asunción de 1676 y su defensa personal, la “Respuesta de la poetisa a Sor Filotea de la Cruz”. Al estudiar a Leona Vicario, comento ciertos datos de la biografía escrita por Genaro García en 1910, quizás la biografía más completa de la heroína hasta el día de hoy, y luego incorporo comunicados escritos por la misma Leona Vicario. Para Rosario Castellanos, he escogido el cuento “Lección de cocina,” el ensayo “Y las madres, ¿qué opinan?” y la obra de teatro El eterno femenino. Luego, para terminar el estudio, analizo la letra de las canciones compuestas por Julieta Venegas, además de su uso de la voz y su imagen pública por medio de entrevistas. This study focuses on the life of five Mexican women—Malintzin, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Leona Vicario, Rosario Castellanos y Julieta Venegas—from five time periods of Mexican History—la Conquista, el Virreinato de Nueva España, la lucha por la independencia, la modernidad y lo contemporáneo—in order to study the use of "Voice" by each subject in relation to their respective time periods. It begins by presenting the concepts of "Malinchismo" y "Marianismo," revisiting the recorded details of the life of Malintzin/doña Marina/la Malinche. Then it continues with a summary of certain interesting aspects of the lives of each of the selected subjects, from Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz to the contemporary singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas. In each chapter there is an analysis of the use of "Voice" by means of works associated with each subject. In connection with Malintzin, it is necessary to review the chronicles in which the young indigenous translator appears as a protagonist. In the chapter about Sor Juana, the analysis centers around the villancicos written to celebrate "la Asunción de 1676" and the personal defense written by Sor Juana, "La Respuesta de la poetisa a Sor Filotea de la Cruz." In order to study Leona Vicario, the use of biographic information gathered from Genaro García informs the contemporary image of Vicario, later complimented by writings Vicario published in her own defense. For Rosario Castellanos, the short story "Lección de cocina," the essay "Y las madres, ¿qué opinan?," and the play El eterno femenino serve as the focus. An analysis of certain compositions by singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas concludes the study alongside the presentation of certain biographical details about her gathered from a variety of interviews.

This work examines the legal effects of a declaration of a state of emergency under the Public Safety Act 3 of 1953 and the exercise of legislative and administrative powers pursuant thereto. The general basis of judicial control over executive action and the various devices used to limit or oust the court's jurisdiction are set out and explained. Against this background, the courts' performance of their supervisory role under the special circumstances of emergency rule is critically surveyed and assessed. The legal issues raised by the exercise of emergency powers is examined at the various levels of their deployment: first, the declaration of a state of emergency; second, the making of emergency regulations; third, their execution by means of administrative action, including detention, banning, censorship and the use of force. The major cases concerning emergency issues, both reported and unreported, are analysed in their appropriate contexts, and an overview provided of the effects of emergency regulations and orders on such freedoms as South Africans enjoy under the 'ordinary' law. Finally, an attempt is made to assess how these decisions have affected the prospect of judicial review of executive action, both in the emergency context and in the field of administrative law generally. The conclusion is that, however far the Appellate Division may appear to have gone towards eliminating the role of the law in the emergency regime, grounds remain for the courts to exercise a more vigorous supervisory role should they choose to do so in future.

Since the incorporation of the separation of powers doctrine into the South African Constitution, the problem has arisen that, each of the three tiers of government, the Executive, the Judiciary and the Legislature, has sought to protect exclusive jurisdiction over matters that fall within what constitutes that tier's own realm of authority. The effects of this are especially apparent in the field of dispute resolution in administrative law. The administration is predominantly the province of the Executive, and to a lesser extent, the Legislature. Thus, the acceptability of judicial review in dispute resolution and generally, the intrusion by the Judiciary in matters of the administration is perennially questioned and challenged by both the Executive and the Legislature. In this context, the duty to exhaust internal remedies assumes a pivotal role. It offers a compromise, by prescribing qualified exclusion of judicial review as a first port of call for dispute resolution while simultaneously entrusting initial dispute resolution to the administration. Often, this approach yields tangible results, but from a constitutional and fundamental rights perspective, the duty to exhaust internal remedies is problematic. Its exclusion of judicial review goes against, not only the right of access to court in section 34 of the Constitution, but also the rule of law, to the extent that the rule of law allows for the challenging, in court, of illegal administrative action as soon as it is taken. This thesis analyses the constitutionality of the duty to exhaust internal remedies in section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act by assessing the consistency of section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act with the right of access to court in section 34 of the Constitution. The thesis initially examines the origins and historical development of the duty to exhaust internal remedies in the English law, and the subsequent adoption of the duty to exhaust internal remedies into the South African common law for the purpose of interpreting and comprehending the duty to exhaust internal remedies as it is appears in section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act. Ultimately, the study focuses on and identifies the deficiencies in the current approach to the question of the constitutionality of section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, and offers suggestions on how the law might be developed.

This article addresses the issue referred to harmful lawful acts which also generate liability, thus ruling out the unlawfulness as an essential element for the generation of liability. In this regard, the author makes a conceptual analysis of the unlawfulness or illegality, and he examines three cases of liability, such as environmental damage, the interim resolution and withdraw the work of trade; demonstrating, effectively, the dispensable nature of the unlawfulness and the existence of scenarios of liability arising from harmful lawful acts. / El presente artículo aborda la temática referida a los actos lícitos dañosos, los cuales también generan responsabilidad civil, descartando así a la ilicitud como un elemento indispensable para la generación de responsabilidad civil. En este sentido, el artículo parte del análisis conceptual de la ilicitud o antijuridicidad, para luego arribar al examen de tres supuestos de responsabilidad civil, como lo son el daño ambiental, la resolución cautelar y el retiro de la obra del comercio; demostrando, efectivamente, el carácter prescindible de la ilicitud y la existencia de escenarios de responsabilidad civil derivados de actos lícitos dañosos.

A concepção de linguagem como processo de interação atua como principal norteadora do atual ensino de língua portuguesa. Dentro dos estudos linguísticos, é conhecida como interacionista a perspectiva que defende a ideia de linguagem como, simultaneamente, produto e processo, constituídos na relação entre interlocutores inseridos num contexto comunicativo e social. Várias teorias linguísticas compõem essa perspectiva, dentre as quais destacamos a Pragmática como base teórica deste estudo. Em suas origens, a Pragmática foi definida como um nível de análise, um componente da relação triádica do signo linguístico, conforme a teoria peirceana. Levinson (2007), por sua vez, traz à luz a visão da Pragmática como uma perspectiva, em que o foco de análise é a relação entre intenção (locutor), contexto e compreensão (interlocutor). A Pragmática representa uma contribuição fundamental para práticas docentes eficazes, que desenvolvam nos alunos a competência para produzir discursos adequados às diversas situações de enunciação e para lidar com a complexa variedade de aspectos envolvidos. Diante da importância dessa perspectiva para o ensino de língua, os livros didáticos passaram a incorporar a exploração dos aspectos dessa ordem em seus conteúdos, mas a representatividade dessa abordagem nas coleções didáticas ainda é pouco expressiva. No âmbito dessa problemática, propomos analisar a formação do leitor no livro didático do Ensino Médio, com o objetivo geral de investigar a leitura de gêneros argumentativos à luz da abordagem dos atos de fala. Abordaremos os aspectos dessa questão sob a orientação da perspectiva sociointerativa da cognição, assim como definida por Marcuschi (2008). Nesse viés, corroboramos as ideias de Kleiman (2011) ao entendermos a leitura como processo de produção de sentidos e construção do conhecimento mediado pelo contexto sociocultural. Para o cumprimento do nosso objetivo, selecionamos como corpus os três livros da coleção didática do Ensino Médio Português Linguagens, dos autores William Roberto Cereja e Thereza Cochar Magalhães. Essa coleção foi uma das onze indicadas pelo Guia do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático 2012 (Ensino Médio) e foi a opção mais escolhida nas escolas da rede pública de Aracaju. Nosso foco são os gêneros argumentativos da modalidade escrita, tendo em vista a classificação de Dolz & Sheneuwly (2004). Os gêneros argumentativos que compõem o corpus são: artigo de opinião, resenha crítica, editorial, carta de leitor e carta de reclamação/solicitação. Dessa forma, espera-se que este estudo contribua para o aprimoramento do ensino de leitura considerando-se a perspectiva pragmática da linguagem.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_danilo_heber.pdf: 1479861 bytes, checksum: 175dfc235a8419c1e6bdced2cd0ee19f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-20 / Legal fact is all that matters to the legal world. If the law does not apply over the factual support, and juridicize , there is no legal fact, and also there is no legal effect, since only legal facts radiate legal effect. The study of (non)existence on legal process acts can be done based on a singular act or considering the whole procedure. The conclusion that an act does not exist does not mean that the whole procedure will also be nonexistent. The question of non-existence is connected to the lack of sufficient factual support. Being insufficient the factual support, indicates that there was no entry in the legal world. If deficient, the act went into the legal world, even though defective. The main debate of the dissertation is about to conclude if the procedural fact went into the legal world. To the existence of the process is necessary the existence of an initial act of the procedure, the act of suing, and the organ vested with jurisdiction. If there is a complaint to a court vested with jurisdiction, the process will enter into the legal world. The constitutional competence, the capability to be part, the citation and the conditions of action are not requirements to the existence of the process. The aptitude to the attorney is not a requirement to existence, but is linked to its effects only. Finally, the procedural way to recognize the inexistence of the act is declaratory action, because it is not possible to deconstruct, with the use of an annulment action, because by the non-existent nothing was made to deconstruct / Fato jurídico é tudo aquilo que importa para o direito. Se a norma jurídica não incide sobre o suporte fático, e o juridiciza, não haverá fato jurídico, e também não se poderá falar de efeitos jurídicos, uma vez que apenas de fatos jurídicos emanam efeitos jurídicos. O estudo da (in)existência processual pode ser feito, tanto com base em um ato singular, como de todo o procedimento. A constatação de que um ato é inexistente, não implica dizer que todo o procedimento também será inexistente. A questão da inexistência está ligada à suficiência do suporte fático. Sendo este insuficiente, diz-se que não houve entrada no mundo jurídico, caso seja deficiente, o ato entrou no mundo jurídico, apesar de defeituoso. O cerne da dissertação está em saber se o fato processual entrou ou não no mundo jurídico. E, no caso do processo, basta a existência de um ato inicial do procedimento, o ato de demandar, e o órgão investido de jurisdição. Havendo a demanda perante um órgão investido de jurisdição, o processo integra no mundo jurídico. A competência constitucional, a capacidade de ser parte (tanto do autor quanto do réu), a citação e as condições da ação não são pressupostos de existência do processo. Além da procuração não ser pressuposto da prática de ato jurídico, estando ligada aos seus efeitos, apenas. Por fim, o meio de reconhecimento da inexistência é a ação declaratória, pois não se pode desconstituir, com o uso da ação anulatória, o inexistente uma vez que nada foi constituído