This dissertation proposes that secular paradigms of servant leadership, rooted in the writings of Robert Greenleaf, are deficient theologically based on their humanistic presuppositions and deficient biblically based on their misunderstanding of the biblical language of service. This study proposes a model of slave leadership articulated in seven principles which are rooted in the slave language employed in Luke-Acts. First, the slave leader becomes God's own possession through redemption and therefore the leader belongs to God and is placed under the Lord's absolute authority. Second, the leader's identity is found exclusively in his relationship to the Master which entails great responsibility as the leader represents God in his service. Third, a slave leader exercises delegated authority from the Master, therefore his words and actions carry weight, not because of who he is, but because of whom he serves. The leader is both in authority and under authority, accountable to the master and responsible for the people he serves. Fourth, the slave leader focuses on pleasing the Master by subordinating his own will to that of the Master. The slave leader is expected to internalize the will of the Master so that he demonstrates the character and priorities of the Master in every leadership situation, even in the absence of explicit commands. Fifth, the leader as slave is compelled to give complete and unconditional obedience to God as Master. The leader may not pick and choose which of the master's commands to obey. The faithful slave carries out the will of the master, calling Him Lord and living it out. Sixth, just as a slave was entirely dependent upon the master for provision and direction, so a slave leader is constantly dependent upon the Lord and His indwelling presence for empowerment and discernment. Finally, the slave may be susceptible to abuse or mistreatment as a result of his unconditional obedience to the Master's will.

This thesis examines Luke-Acts to explore if, how, and in what ways Jesus and early church leaders intentionally shaped the culture of their followers. In Luke, table fellowship was the primary means Jesus used to shape the culture of his followers, as demonstrated through the prominence of eleven meal scenes. In Acts, teaching was the primary means early church leaders used to shape the organizational culture of the early church, as demonstrated through five paraenetic sermons addressed to the church. Table fellowship and teaching affected the behavior, values, and underlying beliefs of the early church related to Jew/Gentile relations (Acts 11; Acts 15), who should be considered as insiders/outsiders (Luke 5:29-39; Luke 7:36-50, Luke 19:1-10), hypocrisy (Luke 11:37-54), Sabbath regulations (Luke 6:1-5), status and humility (Luke 14:1-24; Luke 22:14-34), Jesus' identity (Luke 9:10-17; Luke 24:13-43); the disciples' obedience (Luke 9:10-17; Luke 10:38-42), and leadership (Acts 1:15-26; Acts 20:17-38).

Inventory (YPI), kriminella handlingar och attityder till kriminellt beteende bland gymnasieungdomar. En frågeställning som undersöktes i studien var, om det fanns något samband mellan YPI personlighetsdrag och kriminella handlingar. Ytterligare en frågeställning som undersöktes var om det fanns några könsskillnader i attityder gentemot kriminellt beteende. Studien utfördes med en kvantitativ datainsamlingsmetod, vilken genomfördes via tre frågeformulär. De tre frågeformulären somanvändes i studien var ett egetkonstruerat frågeformulär, Youth Psychopatich traits Inventory (YPI), vilket är ett självskattningsformulär, och ett modifierat frågeformulär från Brottsförebyggande rådet. Datan som samlades in var från 108 gymnasieungdomar i åldrarna 15-19 år, därav 34 killar och 56 tjejer. Resultaten visade på att det personlighetsdrag som var relativt högst självskattat i den undersökta gruppen var thrill-seeking. Resultaten visade även att det fanns positiva medelstarka signifikanta samband mellan fem av YPI variablerna (manipulation, remorselessness, thrill-seeking, impulsiveness, irresponsibility) och kriminella handlingar. Ytterligare resultat som studien visade var att fler killar än tjejer hade gjort någon eller några kriminella handlingar. Killarnas attityder var mer liberala gentemot kriminella handlingar än tjejernas, vilket även stöds av tidigare forskning / The purpose of the study was to examine personality traits according to the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI), criminal acts and attitudes towards criminal behavior among high school students. One of the questions that have been examined in the study is if there is any correlation between young people that have been involved with criminal acts and young people that have YPI personality tendencies. Another question investigated in the study was if there are gender inequities between boys and girls with regard to the attitudes towards criminal behavior. The study was conducted through a survey that included three questionnaires. The results were compiled and compared and then analyzed using a computer-based algorithm. The three questionnaires that were used in the study were a self-constructed survey, the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI) and finally one modified Crime prevention council-BRÅ survey. The test group consisted of 108 upper secondary youth between the ages of fifteen and nineteen. The 108 participants included 34 boys and 56 girls. The result clearly showed that the psychopathic tendencies that were represented amongst the youth in the study are thrill-seeking based. The results also showed strong significant correlation between five of the YPI, variables (manipulation, remorselessness, thrill-seeking, impulsiveness, irresponsibility and criminal acts. The study also showed that more boys than girls had been involved in criminal acts of some kind. The attitudes of the boys in the study showed that they had a more liberal views regards to criminal acts than the girls, which is supported in previous research

Šeimos teisės esmę ir jos įgyvendinimo svarbiausius būdus nustato ir išreiškia šeimos teisės principai. Kadangi gyvenime vyksta tokie spartūs socialiniai pokyčiai, liečiantys ir šeimos santykius, kyla klausimas, ar šeimos teisės principai bėgant laikui taip pat negali pamažu transformuotis. Todėl yra svarbu ir aktualu išnagrinėti šeimos santykių teisinio reglamentavimo principus ir atskleisti, ar jie atitinka visuomenės lūkesčius. Lietuvos Respublikoje šeimos santykių teisinis reglamentavimas grindžiamas monogamijos, santuokos savanoriškumo, sutuoktinių lygiateisiškumo, prioritetinės vaikų teisių ir interesų apsaugos ir gynimo, vaikų auklėjimo šeimoje, motinystės visokeriopos apsaugos principais bei kitais civilinių santykių teisinio reglamentavimo principais. Darbe yra kompleksiškai analizuojama ir atskleidžiama šeimos teisės principų samprata, apibrėžiamas jų turinys. Nagrinėjama Lietuvos nacionalinių teismų formuojama praktika šia tema, nustatomos šių principų įgyvendinimo problemos, principų santykis su kitais šeimos teisės institutais (santuoka, ištuoka, vaikų ir tėvų tarpusavio teisės ir pareigos ir kt.). Darbe taip pat yra pateikiama lyginamoji analizė su kai kuriomis užsienio valstybėmis (Rusija, Lenkija) šeimos teisės principų atžvilgiu. Išanalizavus darbo temą bei išnagrinėjus teismų praktiką, prieita prie išvados, jog tarp šeimos teisės principų jokios hierarchijos nėra. Jie visi egzistuoja lygiagrečiai ir yra taikomi visi ar keli iš jų kartu sprendžiant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The principles of family law determine the essence of family law and the most important means of its implementation. Due to the rapid social changes, which have the impact on the family relationship, the question arises: do the principles of family law also change as the time passes? That is why examination of the principles of legal regulation in family law and establishing whether they correspond to the expectations of the society is crucial and of great relevance. The legal regulation of family relationship in Lithuania is based on the principles of monogamy, the equality of spouses, the voluntariness of marriage, the priority of the protection of child rights and interests, the upbringing of the child in the family, the protection of motherhood and on other principles of regulation of civil relationship. In this paper the concept of family law principles is explored and the content of these principles is defined. The special attention is devoted to the practice, formed by the courts in Lithuania. Also the problems of implementation of the principles are established, the relations of the principles with the relevant institutes of family law (marriage, divorce, mutual rights and obligations of parents and children, etc.) are analyzed. The paper also provides the comparative analysis of the principles with those applied in Russian Federation and Poland. After the topic has been explored and the court practice has been examined, the following conclusions are made: there is... [to full text]

The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the features of Legal regulations, governing National forest management of Member States of the European Union. The object of analyses was legal regulations in the following 17 countries of European Union: Ireland, Austria, Czech, Denmark, Great Britain, Estonia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Lithuania, France, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, Sweden and Germany. The following methods of analyses were used in the study: document analyses, comparative analyses, historical and logical methods. The result of the study shows that, Legal regulations governing National forest are reflected in the national forest law. Legal principles, which are not exclusively stated in the basic law, are in details mentioned in legal acts related to forest. The legal principles are not at the same level explicit in all EU countries, but are the most similar between countries of the same forest management type.

Darbo tikslas: įvertinti psichologinių ir socialinių darbo sąlygų ir jūrininkų fizines ir psichologine sveikatos sutrikimu sąsajas . Tyrimo metodai: duomenys buvo surinkti vienmomentinės anketinės apklausos būdu, ištyrus 370 Klaipėdos jūrininkų ligoninėje dėl privalomojo sveikatos patikrinimo besikreipiančius jūrininkus. Anoniminės anketinės apklausos būdu, naudojantis norvegų pasiūlytu Negatyvaus elgesio darbe klausimynu, buvo surinkta informacija apie jūrininkų patiriamo negatyvaus elgesio darbe formas, trukmę. Tiriamieji informavos apie diagnozuotus sveikatos sutrikimus. Tirta jūrininkų vidinė darna, potrauminio streso sutrikimo simptomai, minimalūs psichikos sveikatos sutrikimai. Tyrimo duomenys buvo analizuojami statistiškai, taikant SPSS 13,0 for Windows programą. Apskaičiuotas Spirmano koreliacijos koeficientas tikslu įvertinti jūrininkų patiriamo psichologinio teroro darbe sąsajas su gydytojo diagnozuotais fizinės sveikatos sutrikimais bei psichologinės sveikatos rodmenimis. Rezultatai: bent vieną negatyvaus elgesio aktą per 6 mėnesius patyrė 75 proc. jūrininkų savo darbe, 25 proc. jūrininkų nepatyrė nė vieno negatyvaus elgesio akto. Dažno psichologinio teroro jūrininkų darbe paplitimas siekė 3,8 proc., atsitiktinio – 10,1 proc. 2,3 proc. jūrininkų nurodė, kad labai jaučia stresą darbe. Stebėtos statistiškai reikšmingos sąsajos tarp jūrininkų patiriamo psichologinio teroro darbe ir arterinės hipertenzijos (r =0,154), kaklo/peties skausmų (r =0,138), migrenos (r =0,15... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aims of the study–to evaluate the associations between psychological terror in the workplace and adverse health outcomes. Methods. totally 370 seafarers, attending the mandatory health examination in the Marine health care centre. The Lithuanian version of the Norwegian Negative Acts Questionnaire was used for the investigation of the prevalence and duration of negative acts among seafarers. The investigated seafarers were asked about diagnosed by the physician health outcomes over the last twelve months. The questionnaires on the sense of coherence, post-traumatic stress disorder and minor psychological disorders (psychological distress) were distributed as well. The statistical software SPSS 13.0 for Windows was used in the statistical analysis. The associations between psychological terror in the workplace and adverse health outcomes were evaluated by Spirman’s correlation coefficient. Results. 75.0% of the investigated seafarers were exposed to at least one negative act over the last six months, only 25.0% were not exposed. The prevealence of severe bullying was 3.8%, the prevalence of occasional bullying was 10.1%. 2.3% of the investigated seafarers perceived severe stress in the workplace. Statistically significant associations between psychological terror and arterial hypertension (r=0.154), neck/shoulder pain (r=0.138), migraine (r=0.158), diseases, prostate diseases (r=0.122), hand/arm pain (r=0.196), non allergic skin diseases (r=0.138) were observed... [to full text]

Įtakos smurtui prieš vaikus turi tėvų gyvenimo istorija, asmenybės tipas, socialinė ir kultūrinė tėvų gyvenimo aplinka. Tiriant smurtą prieš vaikus išskiriamos trys jo formos: emocinis, seksualinis ir fizinis. Siekiant didesnio tikslumo ir aiškumo, įvardijamos ir kitokios smurto rūšys. Tai egzistencinis smurtas, religinis arba kulto smurtas, su lytėjimu susijęs smurtas. / The family is a place where are ensure emotional and physical security of children. International relations and laws guarantees the right to life in the family. But lately parents or others members of family commits acts of violence against children. Children felt violence every day. The violence was sudden and unexpectd. Parents, friends or classmates many of cases commit acts of violence against children. Children felt the violence psysical and psychological, insults, humiliations, discrimination and neglect. Consequences of violence are importants and dramatic. / La famille est le cadre le plus apte a proteger l'enfant et a assurer sa securite physique et emotionnelle. Ces dernieres annees on pu documenter la violence commise par des parents ou d'autres members de la famille sur des enfants. Les enfants rappellent qu'ils sont aussi blesses par la repetition frequente, quotidienne de petits actes de violence. La violence soit soudaine et inattendue, la plupart des auteurs des gestes violents contre les enfants sont des gens qu'ils connaissent et auxquels ils devraient pouvoir la confiance: parents, petit ami, camarades de classe. La violence contre les enfants inclue la violence physique ou psychologique comme les insults et humiliations, la discrimination, l'abandon ou la maltraitance.

Cette présente recherche vise à défendre le point de vue selon lequel le don de l’Esprit dans le récit de la Pentecôte (Ac 2, 1-13) s’interprète principalement comme l’investissement d’une puissance habilitant au témoignage. À cette fin, nous posons l’hypothèse que le contenu d’Ac 2, 17-21 est un axe fondamental de la théologie pneumatique de l’œuvre lucanienne, lequel interprète la manifestation pentecostale dans une perspective prophétique. La démonstration se fait par le biais d’une analyse rédactionnelle d’Ac 2, 17-21, une citation de Jl 3,1-5 insérée dans un discours explicatif de Pierre du phénomène pentecostal. Nous examinons d’abord le lieu d’inscription de ce passage dans l’œuvre lucanienne afin d’évaluer la valeur stratégique de son emplacement (chapitre 1). Nous étudions ensuite l’interprétation que fait Luc de cette prophétie pour en venir à la conclusion qu’il envisage l’intervention de l’Esprit essentiellement dans une perspective d’habilitation à la prophétie (chapitre 2). Nous vérifions cette première conclusion dans l’Évangile de Luc (chapitre 3); puis ensuite dans les Actes des Apôtres (chapitre 4). Nous en arrivons ainsi à établir un parallélisme entre les étapes initiatiques du ministère de Jésus dans le troisième évangile et celui des disciples dans les Actes, pour y découvrir que, dans les deux cas, l’effusion de l’Esprit habilite à l’activité prophétique. Le ministère des disciples s’inscrit de la sorte dans le prolongement de celui du Maître. Nous soutenons, en fait, que tout le discours pneumatique de l’Évangile de Luc converge vers l’effusion initiale de l’Esprit sur les disciples dans le récit pentecostal, d’une part, et que cette effusion jette un éclairage sur l’ensemble de l’œuvre missionnaire des Actes, d’autre part. Bref, le passage explicatif du phénomène pentecostal, en l’occurrence Ac 2, 17-21, met en lumière un axe central des perspectives de Luc sur l’Esprit : Il s’agit de l’Esprit de prophétie. Dans cette optique, l’effusion de l’Esprit à la Pentecôte s’interpréterait essentiellement comme l’investissement du croyant d’une puissance en vue du témoignage. / This present research argues that the gift of the Spirit in the Pentecost account (Ac 2.1-13) is to be understood as a source of empowerment for the task of witnessing. The thesis that I defend is that the passage of Ac 2.17-21 is in fact a fundamental axis of the pneumatic theology of Luke’s work, which in turn interprets the pentecostal gift as a prophetic endowment. I will demonstrate this affirmation by performing a redactional analysis of Ac 2.17-21, which is, in fact, a citation from Jl 3.1-5 quoted in Peter’s pentecostal speech whose purpose is to interpret the pneumatic phenomenon of Ac 2.1-13. I start by examining the specific position of Ac 2.17-21 in order to assess the strategic value of its location (chapter 1). I will then carefully look at how Luke interprets this prophecy, only to conclude that he understands the work of the Spirit mainly as a source of empowerment for a prophetic task (chapter 2). I will verify this conclusion throughout the Gospel of Luke (chapter 3), and then in the Acts of the Apostles (chapter 4). This exercise will bring to light an important parallel between the circumstances surrounding the inauguration of Jesus’ ministry in the Gospel of Luke and that of the disciples in Acts, which shows that, in both cases, the Spirit is given as a source of power for a prophetic ministry. The disciples’ ministry is therefore to be understood to lie in the continuity of the one of the Master. Consequently, we will see that all of the pneumatic discourse of Luke’s Gospel converges towards the initial outpouring of the Spirit on the disciples in the Pentecost account, and that this same passage subsequently sheds light on the missionary work in Acts. In short, the interpretative passage of the pentecostal phenomenon, Ac 2.17-21, brings to light a fundamental axis of Luke’s perspectives on the Sprit; It is the prophetic Spirit. The gift of Spirit at Pentecost is then in turn to be understood primarily as a prophetic endowment enabling the disciples to witness.

Dans ce mémoire, les contes de trois conteurs contemporains du Québec – Jos Gallant d’André Lemelin, Ti Pinge de Joujou Turenne et L’entrain à vapeur, de Fred Pellerin – font avant tout l’objet d’une lecture pragmatique afin de mieux comprendre comment le conteur, qui emploie le canevas en spectacle, transmet une fiction à un auditoire ou à un lectorat. L’étude présente d’abord une analyse comparative de chacune des prestations avec la version publiée d’un même récit et met ainsi en relief leurs points de convergence et de divergence. Selon l’hypothèse avancée, l’analyse de la prestation des conteurs qui suivent un canevas révèlerait comment s’y manifestent les dimensions performatives et les articulations du discours fictionnel. Corrélativement, l’examen des rapports entre le conteur et son public permet ensuite de s’interroger sur le statut du narrateur et de voir en quoi et comment, durant la performance, la fiction est partagée avec l’auditoire. L’analyse des énoncés performatifs, inspirés des travaux de Kerbrat-Orechionni et la dynamique de vectorisation proposée par Pavis pour l’étude de la gestuelle, des mimiques et de la voix, sont mises à contribution et visent également à dégager les outils pouvant servir à l’analyse des spectacles de contes. Au terme de cette recherche, l’auteure démontre les avantages liés au canevas, notamment en ce qui concerne les interactions qu’il favorise avec le public et dans la liberté qu’il procure, en permettant de modifier ou d’adapter le discours et les ressources expressives du conteur à chacune de ses représentations. / In this thesis, the three tales written by contemporary Quebec storytellers – Jos Gallant by Andre Lemelin, Ti Pinge by Joujou Turenne and L’entrain à vapeur by Fred Pellerin – are for the most part subjected to a pragmatic reading, where the objective is to develop a better understanding of how these storytellers employ structure in storytelling to transmit fiction to their audiences or readers. The study begins with an analysis of each story, a comparison of the storytelling and published versions, and finally their various points of convergence and divergence are highlighted. In accordance with this hypothesis, the analysis of each storyteller’s performance structure will reveal how the performative and fictional discourse dimensions are expressed. Correspondingly, through examining the relationships between the storyteller and the audience, we question the narrator’s status and discover by what means and how the fiction is shared with the audience during the performance. The analysis of performative statements, inspired by the work of Kerbrat-Orechionni and by dynamic vectorization put forward by Pavis for the study of gestures, facial expressions and voice, which are all made to contribution, also targets the identification of any tools useful for storytelling analysis. Once having completed this research, the author demonstrates how structure, especially that used to encourage audience interaction and the overall freedom generally procured can be beneficial in modifying or adapting expressive speech and other resources available to storytellers in each of their performances.

In this thesis. I have moved away from the general question of 'How do women and men behave linguistically?, (Sing and Bergvall. 1996:19) and have turned to investigate in particular how the speech act of apologies contributes to the production of people as 'women and men' (Sing and Bergvall, 1996:19). In other words, the investigation focuses on the effect of politeness strategies on the construction of gender identities. Using poststrucluralist feminist theory as developed primarily by Weedon (1987), this thesis investigates the politeness strategies employed by some Zulu students at the University of Natal, Durban, in their English-medium interactions with African international students. The speech act of apologies is the area of language investigated, with data being collected primarily by means of role-plays and focus groups. The focus of the analysis is limited to the performance of apologies towards non-Zulus by 12 Zulu male and female students. To this end, the various strategies employed by the respondents were analysed according to the framework developed by Holmes (1989, 1995). In addition, information gathered in the focus groups revealed to what extent politeness strategies are still being transferred from Zulu to English. The strategies employed by these men and women are considered as revealing some of the ways by which politeness contributes to the construction of gender identities, in the University context. On the basis of this limited sample, it is argued that traditional Zulu male masculinity, while still dominant, is now being contested in the University context by some students favouring a less tradition-oriented identity. The strategies employed by the female respondents, on the other hand, suggest that Zulu women students may be beginning to reject traditional Zulu femininity in favour of more westernized identities. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.