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A falta e o mar absoluto em Cecília Meireles / Absence and mar absoluto in Cecília MeirelesMaria Neto, Mariana Carlos 18 December 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar Mar absoluto e outros poemas (1945), de Cecília Meireles (1901-1964). A unidade da seleção dos poemas vem por meio da recorrência de um sentimento da falta, assunto constante na lírica ceciliana e muito representativo em sua terceira obra da poesia madura. Pretende-se pensar a totalidade da produção poética da autora, relacionando-a a obra estudada. São lidos os poemas: Irrealidade, Mar absoluto e Elegia, em cada um deles vê-se, ao mesmo tempo, uma falta fundante e um desejo de encontro. A síntese entre esses dois polos produz um absoluto que conjuga distância e proximidade, ausência e afeto. / This paper aims to analyze Mar absoluto e outros poemas, by Cecília Meireles. What brings together the poems that are part of the book is the theme of absence, which is a recurrent subject in Meireles lyric and clearly depictive in her third work of mature poetry. The objective was to think the totality of the authors poetic production, relating it to the book studied here. We discuss the poems: Irrealidade, Mar absoluto and Elegia. In which one of them, we see, simultaneously, a founding absence and the wish for encounter. The synthesis between these two poles creates an absolute realm that unites distance and proximity, absence and affection.
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Eviter-Réduire-Compenser : d’un idéal conceptuel aux défis de mise en œuvre : une analyse pluridisciplinaire et multi-échelle / The mitigation hierarchy : from a conceptual ideal to the challenge of implementation : a pluridisciplinary and multi-scale analysisBigard, Charlotte 18 June 2018 (has links)
Le territoire est le support d’interactions entre les êtres vivants et leur espace de vie. Parmi ces interactions, il est aujourd’hui reconnu que les activités anthropiques sont une cause déterminante de l’érosion de la biodiversité. Dans ce contexte, la séquence « Eviter-Réduire-Compenser» (ERC) est un instrument réglementaire visant l’absence de perte nette de biodiversité (no net loss) en aménagement du territoire. Or, il semblerait qu’elle ne permette pas de remédier à la perte chronique de biodiversité. Au-delà de ses limites pratiques et théoriques, parmi les causes de cette inefficacité on peut mentionner : la focalisation sur la « compensation » et sur l’échelle « projet » ou encore la convergence des études vers la problématique des grands projets d’aménagement. Ainsi, en partant de questions issues du terrain, en adoptant une posture à l’interface entre recherche et action, et en choisissant une démarche pluridisciplinaire, cette thèse repose sur l’hypothèse que les difficultés actuelles sont liées à des défis scalaires et qu’un changement d’échelle spatiale, temporelle et fonctionnelle est nécessaire pour permettre à l’instrument de prétendre à son objectif. A travers une analyse qualitative et quantitative de l’application de la séquence ERC dans le cadre de petits projets d’aménagement, nous identifions une série de limites associées à l’échelle « projet ». Cela nous amène à analyser, tout d’abord théoriquement puis empiriquement grâce à l’étude de collectivités territoriales responsables de la planification de l’aménagement, les implications d’un changement d’échelle vers une mise en œuvre de la séquence ERC à l’échelle territoriale et stratégique de la planification. Enfin, nous conduisons une réflexion sur l’élaboration d’une démarche méthodologique d’anticipation de la séquence ERC dès la planification, appliquée au cas concret de Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole.In fine, ces recherches nous permettent d’apporter des compléments de réponse à la question des fins effectives de l’instrument : éviter ou plutôt légitimer la perte de biodiversité ? Nos propositions et perspectives pour les praticiens et les chercheurs vont dans le sens d’une mise en œuvre de la séquence ERC plus en phase avec son objectif de no net loss. / Territory provides the support for interactions between humans avec their living environment. Among these interactions, it is well known that anthropic activities are a major cause of biodiversity erosion. In this respect, the mitigation hierarchy (avoidance, reduction and offsetting impacts) is a regulatory tool whose objective is to achieve a “no net loss” of biodiversity following urban development. However, the efficiency of the tool is questioned because of its practical and theoretical limits, and the recurring focus on biodiversity offsets and on the “project” scale, or the convergence of studies on large development projects.Based on questions arising from practical action and by adopting a multi-disciplinary approach and posture at the knowledge-action interface, this thesis hypothesizes that the current lack of efficiency is the result of a problem of scale and that a temporal, spatial and functional switch in scale could help the mitigation hierarchy to reach its objectives. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the mitigation hierarchy implementation for small-scale development projects, we identify a set of limits associated with studies done at scale of individual projects. These findings illustrate the need to upscale towards a territorial and strategic approach to the implementation of the mitigation hierarchy. Finally, we initiate a reflexion on the development of a methodological framework to anticipate the mitigation hierarchy implementation at the urban planning stage, and we test it on the Montpellier metropolitan territory.Finally, these research studies provide new answers to the question of the effective purpose of the tool: is its aim to avoid or legitimise biodiversity loss? Our propositions and perspectives for practitioners and scientists are in line with a mitigation hierarchy implementation that is more likely to reach no net loss objectives.
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Proposta de ações ergonômicas para mitigar perdas com absenteísmo e presenteísmoRodrigues, Maíra Marques 19 December 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-12-19 / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer um método de gestão ergonômica do absenteísmo/presenteísmo. Foram realizados mapeamento dos trabalhos científicos pertinentes publicados entre os anos 2000 e 2016, e a análise de documentos cedidos pela empresa estudada. A metodologia escolhida nesta pesquisa científica foi o estudo de caso. Esta é uma pesquisa aplicada, que assume a forma de uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa e não-experimental. No que tange aos procedimentos técnicos, esta é uma pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e participante. Após a análise dos documentos e do confrontamento de dados, foi perceptível que não há precisão sobre o volume do absenteísmo/presenteísmo, todavia, na análise, constatou-se dados surpreendentes. Esses dados revelam que a repercussão do presenteísmo pode estar mais presente do que se supunha e podem ter como consequência a cronicidade do quadro e o surgimento do absenteísmo prolongado. Demonstrou-se ainda a relação do absenteísmo/presenteismo com o modo de gestão, com os problemas no planejamento e programação da produção e a forte influência dos agentes de riscos ergonômicos levando a maior parte dos afastamentos por adoecimento serem por distúrbios osteomusculares. De acordo com as informações obtidas na revisão bibliográfica e nas analises documentais, buscou-se alinhar medidas de controle compatíveis com as questões apontadas. Para a empresa analisada, que servirá de alerta e modelo para outras, será de suma importância a implantação de um programa de gestão do absenteísmo e presenteismo com base nos métodos ergonômicos e enfocada no aprofundamento da investigação sobre a atividade do trabalhador, seu modo operatório e os diversos fatores que influenciam na qualidade de vida no trabalho. A abordagem então deve ser Macroergonomica e participativa, ou seja, envolver todos os fatores influentes sobre o trabalhador e sua capacidade de produção, e envolve-lo diretamente no processo de controle. Por isso a importância da fundamentação epidemiológica e do aprofundamento de questões de ordem organizacional baseadas na análise precisa da atividade. As ações Ergonomicas precisam estar inseridas no cenário estratégico e integradas a uma prática de gestão do absenteísmo e presenteísmo. Acredita - se que o estudo de desenvolvimento do modelo de gestão da ergonomia com ações para Mitigar Perdas com Absenteísmo e Presenteísmo pode ser continuado, abordando outros aspectos e se aprofundando em outras variáveis. / The present work had as objective to establish a method of ergonomic management of absenteeism / presenteism. Mapping of the pertinent scientific works published between the years 2000 and 2016, and the analysis of documents provided by the company studied, were carried out. The methodology chosen in this scientific research was the case study. This is an applied research, which takes the form of an exploratory, qualitative and non-experimental research. With regard to technical procedures, this is a bibliographical, documentary and participant research. After the analysis of the documents and the comparison of data, it was noticeable that there is no precision about the volume of absenteeism / presenteism, however, in the analysis, surprising data were verified. These data reveal that the repercussion of presenteeism may be more present than previously thought and may result in chronicity of the picture and the emergence of prolonged absenteeism. The relationship between absenteeism / presentism and management mode, problems in planning and production scheduling, and the strong influence of ergonomic risk agents were also demonstrated, leading to the majority of sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders. According to the information obtained in the bibliographic review, it was sought to align control measures compatible with the mentioned issues. For the analyzed company, which will serve as an alert and model for others, it will be of great importance to implement a program of management of absenteeism and presentism based on ergonomic methods and focused on deepening research on worker activity, its operative mode and The various factors that influence the quality of life at work. The approach should then be Macroergonomic and participatory, ie, involve all influential factors on the worker and their production capacity, and involves it directly in the process of control. Therefore the importance of the epidemiological foundation and the deepening of organizational issues based on the precise analysis of the activity. Ergonomic actions need to be inserted in the strategic scenario and integrated into a management practice of absenteeism and presenteism. It is believed that the study of the development of the ergonomics management model with actions to Mitigate Losses with Absenteeism and Presentism can be continued, addressing other aspects and going deeper into other variables.
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Percorrendo o conjunto da obra do artista Tony Smith: entre a década de 1960 à 1970 / The present thesis proposes a trajectory through the work collection created by the north-american artist Tony Smith from 1960 to 1970Dalacorte, Tereza Cristina Faria 15 September 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-09-15 / The present thesis proposes a trajectory through the work collection created by the North-
American author Tony Smith from 1960 to 1970. The examination of this interval of his artwork is
developed based on a bibliographical approach of the life and work of the same era in terms of
the aesthetic and historical time in North-America. In addition, this thesis also investigates the
interrelation of the analytical aspects of the theme and attempts make a critical review or essay on
the topic, as it proposes not only an objective analysis of the subject but also a consideration on
the poetic observed in the in the studied artworks. This reflection is built according to the paradox
presence/absence of the artworks in the space they occupy. Such cogitation also takes into
consideration the fact that the blackness of these artwork volumes could possibly confront their
own existences. Finally, this research concentrates on the analysis of the expansion of Tony
Smith's artwork in relation to both architectonic and urban spaces, with implications on their
possible dialects and/or confrontations. / O projeto desta dissertação propõe um percurso pelo conjunto da obra do artista norte-americano
Tony Smith produzidas entre a década de 1960 à 1970. Este recorte é desenvolvido mediante
uma abordagem bibliográfica das obras e vida do artista inter-relacionado ao contexto estético e
histórico norte-americano do período. No entanto o projeto é também uma inter-relação entre
análise e ensaio, pois aqui desenvolvemos não apenas um levantamento objetivo como tambémuma reflexão a respeito da poética a qual percebemos nas obras analisadas. Tal reflexão é
construída segundo o paradoxo presença e/ou ausência das obras no espaço que as contêm,
considerando também que o negrume de suas volumetrias possivelmente confrontariam sua
própria existência. A pesquisa se estende ainda na análise da expansão das obras e sua relação
com o espaço arquitetônico e urbano, implicando suas possíveis dialéticas e/ou confrontos.
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Estudo crítico dos modelos experimentais em epilepsia espontânea do tipo ausência / Critical study of experimental models of absence-like epilepsyElton Pallone de Oliveira 25 February 2011 (has links)
A epilepsia é uma das afecções neurológica mais comum na população mundial. Trata-se de uma condição crônica altamente incapacitante que acomete indivíduos de ambos os sexos e de todas as faixas etárias, com um discreto predomínio em homens e, maior freqüência em crianças abaixo de dois anos e idosos acima de 65 anos. As conseqüências de morbidade e mortalidade desta patologia repercutem negativamente na sociedade e, conseqüentemente na economia global. Estima-se que de 60 a 100 milhões de pessoas ao redor do mundo apresentaram alguma condição epiléptica durante suas vidas. Segundo alguns autores a incidência da epilepsia varia de 11 a 131/100 mil habitantes por ano e a prevalência de 1,5 a 30/1000 habitantes por ano, sendo que os maiores valores encontram-se nos países em desenvolvimento, particularmente na America Latina e na África. As epilepsias generalizadas idiopáticas (EGI) constituem-se cerca de um terço de todas as formas de epilepsias e são 15 a 20% mais freqüentes em relação aos demais tipos de epilepsia. As EGI do tipo ausência, as quais são estritamente relacionadas à faixa etária infantil e adolescente podem muitas vezes (2,8 5,7% dos casos) afetar pacientes com idade superior a 15 anos. A fisiopatologia, assim como, as causas reais da ocorrência e/ou recorrência das crises de ausência na idade adulta não estão completamente esclarecidos e se representam um importante desafio para os epileptologistas. As epilepsias generalizadas idiopáticas (EGIs), (etiologia genética) são classificadas em: a) crises de ausência típicas, b) crises de ausência atípicas, c) crises de ausência com fatores especiais, d) crises mioclônicas, e) crises mioclônicas atônicas, f) crises mioclônicas tônicas, g) crises clônicas, h) crises tônicas e, i) crises atônicas. O tratamento e comumente farmacológico e as crises são controladas na maioria dos casos, no entanto, cerca de um terço dos pacientes são refratários às drogas anticonvulsivantes. Tendo como principal finalidade a elucidação de mecanismos básicos e, auxílio no desenvolvimento de abordagens terapêuticas eficazes para esses pacientes, pesquisadores do mundo inteiro dedicam muitos esforços para o desenvolvimento de modelos experimentais capazes de mimetizar o fenômeno que se pretende reproduzir. Dentre os principais modelos experimentais em EGIs, pode-se citar: (1) o modelo de epilepsia generalizada induzida por penicilina em gatos; (2) modelos de investigação da bicuculina; (3) indução por estimulação elétrica; (4) ratos geneticamente epilépticos de Strasbourg (GAERS); (5) cepa WAG/Rij; (6) modelo do gama-hidroxibutirato (GHB) e (7) os camundongos mutantes. Tais modelos experimentais têm provido meios para que os pesquisadores possam avaliar e quantificar adequadamente as alterações neuronais que ocorrem durante os processos epileptógenos tanto in vitro ou in vivo, possibilitando importantes avanços no desenvolvimento de novas abordagens terapêuticas e, melhora na qualidade de vida de portadores de epilepsia / Epilepsy is a very commom neurological disorders in world population. It is a chronicle condition highly disabling that affects both genera male and female independent of your age with a soft predominance in men and is more frequent in child under 2 years old and adult above 65 years old. The morbidity and mortality consequences of this disorder have many negative repercussions at society and global economy consequently. It is estimated about 60 to 100 millions of people around the world present any epileptic condition during their lives. According some researchers the epilepsy incidence varies about 11 to 131/100 thousand habitants for year and the prevalence between 1.5 to 30/1000 habitants for year, about this statics the higher values are found in developing countries, Latin America and Africa particularly. The Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy (IGE) are about a third of all others kinds of epilepsies and are 15 to 20% more frequent tha n others types of epilepsies. The absences IGEs are strictly related with childhood and adolescence age group and sometimes can affect patients (2.8 5.7 of cases) with age higher than 15 years old. The physiopathology as the real causes of to occur and to reoccur of absences crises in adult age are not completely enlightened and represent a important challenge to epileptlogists. The IGEs (genetic etiology) are classified in: a) typical absence seizures, b) atypical absence seizures, c) absence seizures with special factors, d) mioclonics seizures, f) tonic mioclonic seizures, g) clone seizures, h) tonic seizures and i) atonic seizures. The treatment commonly is pharmacologic and seizures are controlled in major parts of cases although about a third of patients are refratory to anticonvulsants drugs. Having as principal finality the elucidation of basic mechanisms and help of development of effectiv e therapeutical approaches to these patients, researchers around the world spend many efforts to develop experimental models able to reproduce the phenomena that want to reproduce. Among the principal experimental models of IGEs, it is possible to cite: (1) the general epilepsy model induced by penicillin in cats; (2) the models of investigation of bicuculin; (3) induction by electrical stimulation; (4) Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats of Strasbourg (GAERS); (5) cepa WAG/Rij; (6) the model of gamma-hydroxybutyric (GHB) and (7) mutant rats. These experimental models have promoted ways to researchers can to evaluate and quantify adequately the neuronal alterations that occur during epileptigenes process both in vitro or in vivo, making possible important advances in development of new therapeutical approaches and improvement in quality of life of epilepsy carriers
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Fardos e fardões: mulheres na Academia Brasileira de Letras (1897-2003) / Burdens and robes: women in the Brazilian Academy of Letters (1897-2003)Michele Asmar Fanini 29 May 2009 (has links)
A partir de alguns estudos sobre a Academia Brasileira de Letras entidade fundada no Rio de Janeiro, em 1897 , é possível chegar a uma imagem já muito conhecida, porém pouco questionada: a de um espaço cuja compleição é marcadamente androcêntrica. Ainda que a associação entre Academia e dominação masculina possa parecer um tanto apressada, há um conjunto de implicações sociológicas nela inscritas que merecem ser descortinadas e problematizadas. Cabe-nos, assim, percorrer os caminhos teórico-analíticos que nos possibilitem apreender os matizes que tal correlação encoberta, tendo em vista as prerrogativas de gênero. Para tanto, nosso ponto de partida, situado no encalço de alguns déficits documentais, será o período de consolidação da ABL, que assiste à cogitação do nome de uma mulher para figurar entre seus membros fundadores. Trata-se da escritora Júlia Lopes de Almeida que, logo em seguida, viu-se excluída da relação final de agremiados. Também dedicaremos especial atenção a 1930, ano em que a escritora Amélia Beviláqua propõe candidatura à Academia, obtendo como resposta um sonoro não. Além destes episódios, que representam verdadeiros vazios institucionais, buscaremos evidenciar as mudanças que se processaram na Casa de Machado de Assis ao longo do tempo, tendo como ponto de inflexão o ano de 1976, momento em que é aprovada a elegibilidade feminina, alteração regimental esta que fora sucedida pela exígua presença de mulheres até os dias atuais, mais especificamente, pelo ingresso de seis escritoras: respectivamente Rachel de Queiroz, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Nélida Piñon, Zélia Gattai e Ana Maria Machado. A partir do quadro construído, procuraremos mostrar se a referida modificação no Regimento Interno foi sintomática de uma alteração nos contornos tradicionais e conservadores da ABL, ou se as circunstâncias e motivações que orientaram tais ingressos resultam de forças sociais ratificadoras do cânon literário. / From some studies about the Brazilian Academy of Letters an institute established in Rio de Janeiro in 1897 , we can see an image that is widespread but not questioned, i.e., that of a space that tends to be visibly male chauvinist. Although the association of the Brazilian Academy and the male domination may seem to be simplistic, there is in it, in fact, a series of sociological implications that must be scrutinized and questioned. Thus, taking a theoretical and analytical approach vis-à-vis the gender, the aim of this study is to capture the nuances that such an association veils. Therefore, our starting point, which takes into consideration the absence of some documents, will be the period of consolidation of the ABL, when the name of a woman is considered to emerge among its founding members. This woman was the writer Júlia Lopes de Almeida, who immediately afterwards saw herself excluded from the final list of members. Also we will dedicate special attention to 1930, year in which the writer Amélia Beviláqua proposed her candidacy to the ABL and got a sound no as a reply. Besides these occurrences, which represent a true institutional emptiness, we will seek to elucidate the changes that took place in the House of Machado de Assis throughout the years, having as a turning point the year 1976, period in which women eligibility was approved. We will see that such an alteration has been followed, until now, by a rare presence of women, more specifically, by the admission of six writers: Rachel de Queiroz, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Nélida Piñon, Zélia Gattai and Ana Maria Machado. From the resulting frame, we will find out whether the changes made in its statute in 1976 were, finally, indicative of a shift in the traditional and conservative structure of ABL or whether the circumstances and motivation that oriented the attainment of prestige and, consequently, a chair in the Brazilian Academy of Letters was the result of social forces which ratify the literary canon.
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Barn vill om barn kan : Konsekvenser för individen när samhälleliga strukturer brister / If given the right opportunities, children would attend school : The consequences for the individual when social structures failLindhero, Petra, Stuchly, Agnes January 2019 (has links)
I denna studie är syftet att undersöka hur respondenter från olika verksamheter upplever ansvarsfördelning och samverkan kring elever med en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning som har en problematisk skolfrånvaro. Vidare undersöks vilka faktorer som orsakar skolfrånvaro samt hur skolorna konkret arbetar förebyggande för att elever inte ska bli frånvarande från skolan. I Sverige finns 5500 barn som inte går till skolan och som därmed inte når kunskapsmålen. Följden av en problematisk skolfrånvaro kan innebära psykisk ohälsa hos eleven, men även påverka elevens framtid negativt i form av marginalisering och utanförskap. Det empiriska materialet, som har analyserats genom en systemteoretisk ingång, har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med verksamma inom skola samt barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin. I resultatet framgår vikten av samverkan och tydliga rutiner kring ansvarsfördelning för att skolor och barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin ska ha möjlighet att arbeta förebyggande kring elever med en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning som har en problematisk skolfrånvaro. Resultatet lyfter att trygghet, delaktighet, struktur och relationer är avgörande för att elever ska vilja komma till skolan. Slutsatsen pekar på att det finns strukturella brister i det gemensamma ansvaret mellan skola, vårdinstanser och föräldrar kring barn och unga med en problematisk skolfrånvaro. Den visar även betydelsen av en omgivning eleven kan känna förtroende för. / The purpose of this study is to examine how professionals from different organisations experience collaboration and division of responsibilities when it comes to pupils with a neuropsychiatric disability who have a problematic school absence. Furthermore, the purpose is to examine what causes school absence and how the professionals describe their preventive work towards pupils with the above described difficulties. Sweden has 5500 children absent from school not fulfilling the educational knowledge requirements. A problematic school absence can cause mental illness during the school years but also marginalise the individual in the future. The empirical material has been collected via semi-structured interviews with professionals within school and psychiatric care for children and youth. The result has been analysed using systems theory. The result indicates the importance of collaboration between professions. To enable the preventive work of schools’ and the psychiatric care for children and youth, the need for a clear division of responsibilities is crucial. The result shows that pupils are more likely to be present in school if they feel safe and are given the opportunity to influence. Structure in the school environment and relations are also described as important. The conclusion indicates structural shortcomings in the responsibilities shared between schools, healthcare and parents regarding children with a neuropsychiatric disability who have a problematic school absence. It also shows the importance of creating a surrounding the pupil can trust.
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Fardos e fardões: mulheres na Academia Brasileira de Letras (1897-2003) / Burdens and robes: women in the Brazilian Academy of Letters (1897-2003)Fanini, Michele Asmar 29 May 2009 (has links)
A partir de alguns estudos sobre a Academia Brasileira de Letras entidade fundada no Rio de Janeiro, em 1897 , é possível chegar a uma imagem já muito conhecida, porém pouco questionada: a de um espaço cuja compleição é marcadamente androcêntrica. Ainda que a associação entre Academia e dominação masculina possa parecer um tanto apressada, há um conjunto de implicações sociológicas nela inscritas que merecem ser descortinadas e problematizadas. Cabe-nos, assim, percorrer os caminhos teórico-analíticos que nos possibilitem apreender os matizes que tal correlação encoberta, tendo em vista as prerrogativas de gênero. Para tanto, nosso ponto de partida, situado no encalço de alguns déficits documentais, será o período de consolidação da ABL, que assiste à cogitação do nome de uma mulher para figurar entre seus membros fundadores. Trata-se da escritora Júlia Lopes de Almeida que, logo em seguida, viu-se excluída da relação final de agremiados. Também dedicaremos especial atenção a 1930, ano em que a escritora Amélia Beviláqua propõe candidatura à Academia, obtendo como resposta um sonoro não. Além destes episódios, que representam verdadeiros vazios institucionais, buscaremos evidenciar as mudanças que se processaram na Casa de Machado de Assis ao longo do tempo, tendo como ponto de inflexão o ano de 1976, momento em que é aprovada a elegibilidade feminina, alteração regimental esta que fora sucedida pela exígua presença de mulheres até os dias atuais, mais especificamente, pelo ingresso de seis escritoras: respectivamente Rachel de Queiroz, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Nélida Piñon, Zélia Gattai e Ana Maria Machado. A partir do quadro construído, procuraremos mostrar se a referida modificação no Regimento Interno foi sintomática de uma alteração nos contornos tradicionais e conservadores da ABL, ou se as circunstâncias e motivações que orientaram tais ingressos resultam de forças sociais ratificadoras do cânon literário. / From some studies about the Brazilian Academy of Letters an institute established in Rio de Janeiro in 1897 , we can see an image that is widespread but not questioned, i.e., that of a space that tends to be visibly male chauvinist. Although the association of the Brazilian Academy and the male domination may seem to be simplistic, there is in it, in fact, a series of sociological implications that must be scrutinized and questioned. Thus, taking a theoretical and analytical approach vis-à-vis the gender, the aim of this study is to capture the nuances that such an association veils. Therefore, our starting point, which takes into consideration the absence of some documents, will be the period of consolidation of the ABL, when the name of a woman is considered to emerge among its founding members. This woman was the writer Júlia Lopes de Almeida, who immediately afterwards saw herself excluded from the final list of members. Also we will dedicate special attention to 1930, year in which the writer Amélia Beviláqua proposed her candidacy to the ABL and got a sound no as a reply. Besides these occurrences, which represent a true institutional emptiness, we will seek to elucidate the changes that took place in the House of Machado de Assis throughout the years, having as a turning point the year 1976, period in which women eligibility was approved. We will see that such an alteration has been followed, until now, by a rare presence of women, more specifically, by the admission of six writers: Rachel de Queiroz, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Nélida Piñon, Zélia Gattai and Ana Maria Machado. From the resulting frame, we will find out whether the changes made in its statute in 1976 were, finally, indicative of a shift in the traditional and conservative structure of ABL or whether the circumstances and motivation that oriented the attainment of prestige and, consequently, a chair in the Brazilian Academy of Letters was the result of social forces which ratify the literary canon.
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Estudo crítico dos modelos experimentais em epilepsia espontânea do tipo ausência / Critical study of experimental models of absence-like epilepsyOliveira, Elton Pallone de 25 February 2011 (has links)
A epilepsia é uma das afecções neurológica mais comum na população mundial. Trata-se de uma condição crônica altamente incapacitante que acomete indivíduos de ambos os sexos e de todas as faixas etárias, com um discreto predomínio em homens e, maior freqüência em crianças abaixo de dois anos e idosos acima de 65 anos. As conseqüências de morbidade e mortalidade desta patologia repercutem negativamente na sociedade e, conseqüentemente na economia global. Estima-se que de 60 a 100 milhões de pessoas ao redor do mundo apresentaram alguma condição epiléptica durante suas vidas. Segundo alguns autores a incidência da epilepsia varia de 11 a 131/100 mil habitantes por ano e a prevalência de 1,5 a 30/1000 habitantes por ano, sendo que os maiores valores encontram-se nos países em desenvolvimento, particularmente na America Latina e na África. As epilepsias generalizadas idiopáticas (EGI) constituem-se cerca de um terço de todas as formas de epilepsias e são 15 a 20% mais freqüentes em relação aos demais tipos de epilepsia. As EGI do tipo ausência, as quais são estritamente relacionadas à faixa etária infantil e adolescente podem muitas vezes (2,8 5,7% dos casos) afetar pacientes com idade superior a 15 anos. A fisiopatologia, assim como, as causas reais da ocorrência e/ou recorrência das crises de ausência na idade adulta não estão completamente esclarecidos e se representam um importante desafio para os epileptologistas. As epilepsias generalizadas idiopáticas (EGIs), (etiologia genética) são classificadas em: a) crises de ausência típicas, b) crises de ausência atípicas, c) crises de ausência com fatores especiais, d) crises mioclônicas, e) crises mioclônicas atônicas, f) crises mioclônicas tônicas, g) crises clônicas, h) crises tônicas e, i) crises atônicas. O tratamento e comumente farmacológico e as crises são controladas na maioria dos casos, no entanto, cerca de um terço dos pacientes são refratários às drogas anticonvulsivantes. Tendo como principal finalidade a elucidação de mecanismos básicos e, auxílio no desenvolvimento de abordagens terapêuticas eficazes para esses pacientes, pesquisadores do mundo inteiro dedicam muitos esforços para o desenvolvimento de modelos experimentais capazes de mimetizar o fenômeno que se pretende reproduzir. Dentre os principais modelos experimentais em EGIs, pode-se citar: (1) o modelo de epilepsia generalizada induzida por penicilina em gatos; (2) modelos de investigação da bicuculina; (3) indução por estimulação elétrica; (4) ratos geneticamente epilépticos de Strasbourg (GAERS); (5) cepa WAG/Rij; (6) modelo do gama-hidroxibutirato (GHB) e (7) os camundongos mutantes. Tais modelos experimentais têm provido meios para que os pesquisadores possam avaliar e quantificar adequadamente as alterações neuronais que ocorrem durante os processos epileptógenos tanto in vitro ou in vivo, possibilitando importantes avanços no desenvolvimento de novas abordagens terapêuticas e, melhora na qualidade de vida de portadores de epilepsia / Epilepsy is a very commom neurological disorders in world population. It is a chronicle condition highly disabling that affects both genera male and female independent of your age with a soft predominance in men and is more frequent in child under 2 years old and adult above 65 years old. The morbidity and mortality consequences of this disorder have many negative repercussions at society and global economy consequently. It is estimated about 60 to 100 millions of people around the world present any epileptic condition during their lives. According some researchers the epilepsy incidence varies about 11 to 131/100 thousand habitants for year and the prevalence between 1.5 to 30/1000 habitants for year, about this statics the higher values are found in developing countries, Latin America and Africa particularly. The Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy (IGE) are about a third of all others kinds of epilepsies and are 15 to 20% more frequent tha n others types of epilepsies. The absences IGEs are strictly related with childhood and adolescence age group and sometimes can affect patients (2.8 5.7 of cases) with age higher than 15 years old. The physiopathology as the real causes of to occur and to reoccur of absences crises in adult age are not completely enlightened and represent a important challenge to epileptlogists. The IGEs (genetic etiology) are classified in: a) typical absence seizures, b) atypical absence seizures, c) absence seizures with special factors, d) mioclonics seizures, f) tonic mioclonic seizures, g) clone seizures, h) tonic seizures and i) atonic seizures. The treatment commonly is pharmacologic and seizures are controlled in major parts of cases although about a third of patients are refratory to anticonvulsants drugs. Having as principal finality the elucidation of basic mechanisms and help of development of effectiv e therapeutical approaches to these patients, researchers around the world spend many efforts to develop experimental models able to reproduce the phenomena that want to reproduce. Among the principal experimental models of IGEs, it is possible to cite: (1) the general epilepsy model induced by penicillin in cats; (2) the models of investigation of bicuculin; (3) induction by electrical stimulation; (4) Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats of Strasbourg (GAERS); (5) cepa WAG/Rij; (6) the model of gamma-hydroxybutyric (GHB) and (7) mutant rats. These experimental models have promoted ways to researchers can to evaluate and quantify adequately the neuronal alterations that occur during epileptigenes process both in vitro or in vivo, making possible important advances in development of new therapeutical approaches and improvement in quality of life of epilepsy carriers
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Determining if Custodial Grandparents of Pre-K - Third Grade Students Perceive Delivery of Information and Services Offered as Effective in Decreasing Early Chronic AbsenceCassidy, Kimberly S 01 December 2015 (has links)
This study examined the delivery of information and services offered to grandparents who had become the primary caregivers of pre-k through third grade students to determine if the information and services were effective in decreasing chronic early absence as defined by Chang and Romero (2008). This mixed-method, multi-case study focused on the perceived needs of custodial grandparents and examined if the school system was meeting their needs through delivery of information and services. The researcher sought participation from 5 custodial grandparents who had grandchildren in pre-k, kindergarten, first, second, or third grades in a Northeast Tennessee school system and whose grandchildren had accumulated absences that met the definition of chronic early absenteeism (10% or more absences) as defined by Chang and Romero (2008). Skyward Database provided a list of families who met the aforementioned criteria. The average age of this group of grandparents was 51.8 with a range of ages from 48 to 54.The comparison group, also retrieved from the Skyward Database, included 4 custodial grandparents whose grandchildren had the highest attendance rates (top 5%). The average age of this group was 53 with a range of ages from 48 to 59. Researcher-developed questionnaires and interviews were used to determine outcomes and major findings. [a1] Major findings included 1) A Chi Squared Test determined that children in grandparent-led households were significantly more likely to meet the criteria of chronic early absence than children from parent/other guardian-led households; 2) 100% of grandparents in both groups had not heard of chronic early absence, 33% of teachers had not heard of chronic early absence, and 50% of Family Resource Center Staff had not heard of chronic early absence; 3) 47% of grandparent-led households met the criteria of chronic early absence while only 18% of parent/other guardian-led households met criteria of chronic early absence; 4) 0% of the parents were involved in the child’s life or education in the grandparent-led households while 50% of the parents were involved in the child’s life or education in parent/other guardian-led households; 5) 20% of children in grandparent-led households with chronic early absence had disciplinary actions while 100% of children in grandparent-led households with high attendance had significant disciplinary actions; and 6) Sickness was the primary reason for absences in grandparent-led families with chronic early absence; 7) A majority of grandparents in both groups used verbal communication with teachers and school staff, but written communication was preferred by each group.
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