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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
471

Why here? : a case study of how retailers decide where to locate their store in Kristianstad.

Falk, Herman, Edvinsson, André January 2019 (has links)
This thesis concern how retailers reasons regarding where to locate their store. Previous research stipulates that retailers consider several factors that builds Retail Attractiveness when they decide their store location. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how retailers reason when it comes to where to locate their store. The study is conducted in Kristianstad, Sweden, with retailers located either in the city center, at the out-of-town shopping mall, or both. To fulfill the purpose, semi-structured interviews were held with four retailers that made different decision when C4 Shopping was established. Five interviews were conducted, lasting between 25 and 40 minutes. All interviews were held with store owners and decision-makers. A conceptual model was created from existing literature in order to analyze the results. The original model includes the factors Cluster effects, Accessibility, Atmosphere, and Place Attachment. Under the factors there are sub-factors to nuance the factors. The model ultimately leads to Retail Attractiveness. In the revised model three new factors were added: Rent, Safety, and Proximity to Workplaces. One sub-factor was also removed. It is concluded that retailers consider the factors in the revised model, rate the factors, and thereafter decide where to locate. This thesis adds insights on how retailers reason when they decide where to locate their store, and what factors they consider the as the most important. There is also a discussion on how the conceptual model can be used to measure Retail Attractiveness and explain retailers locational decisions in similar cases elsewhere.
472

Uma reflexão sobre o curso \"Ações Multiplicadoras: o museu e a inclusão sociocultural\" da Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo / A reflection about the course \"Multiplicative actions: museum and social inclusion\" of Pinacoteca of the State of Sao Paulo

Flavia dos Santos Oliveira Gama 09 August 2016 (has links)
O presente trabalho visa analisar o impacto do curso de formacao para educadores sociais, tambem conhecido por Acoes Multiplicadoras: o museu e a inclusao sociocultural, uma das frentes de trabalho da Pinacoteca do Estado de Sao Paulo. A investigacao tem a intencao de esclarecer como as acoes educativas da Pinacoteca podem contribuir com o trabalho dos educadores sociais. Quais sao os ganhos e limites de sua intervencao? Elas auxiliam na inclusao e expansao do publico em vulnerabilidade social? Qual e a percepcao do educador social? Ao promover o encontro entre o publico em vulnerabilidade social e as obras de arte, acredita-se estar reduzindo a desigualdade do acesso aos bens e servicos culturais. Todavia, alguns autores criticam esse pensamento afirmando nao ser possivel criar um vinculo profundo e duradouro. A principal abordagem metodologica utilizada na pesquisa foi a qualitativa e para coletar os dados selecionamos os participantes do curso nos anos de 2012 e 2013. Nessa ocasiao, consideramos a observacao participativa, a aplicacao de questionario e a entrevista com a coordenadora do Programa de Inclusao Sociocultural - PISC. Atraves da observacao participante, verificou-se que o sentido do curso e ressignificado segundo a realidade e o esforco criativo do educador social, a quem ele contribui ampliando sua atuacao profissional. Ficou evidente tambem que o seu intuito e difundir as potencialidades do museu e acessibilizar instrumentos e recursos que podem ser usados em projetos socioeducativos. Mas no que tange ao desejo da instituicao por formar novos publicos, nao se pode contar nem com a consolidacao da parceria, e nem com a modificacao significativa do publico, ja que este tem pouca capacidade de criar habitos culturais duradouros / The aim of this work is to analyse the impact of the course for social educator formation, also known as Acoes Multiplicadoras; o museu e a inclusao sociocultural, one of the initiatives of the Sao Paulo State Pinacotheca. The investigation intents to understand how educational initiatives by the Pinacotheca may be an aid to the work of social educators. What are the gains and the limits of their intervention? Do these initiatives help in including and expanding the public under social vulnerability? What are the perceptions of the social educator? When trying to promote an encounter between the public under social vulnerability and the works of art, one believes that the inequality of the access to cultural assets and services is reduced. However, some authors criticise this point of view, by stating that it is not possible to create deep and lasting links. The present research used mainly a qualitative approach. In order to collect the data, I selected the participants of the course in the years 2012 and 2013. In this occasion, I engaged in a participative observation and applied forms. I also interviewed the coordinator of the Sociocultural Inclusion Program. Through participative observation, I verified that the meaning of the course is resignified according to the reality and the creative efforts of the social educator, who has in this way his or her professional activity enlarged. It became evident too that its goal is to take to the public the possibilities of the museum and to grant access to the instruments and resources that can be used in socioeducational projects. Yet, as regards the ambition of the institution to form new publics, it is not possible to assert either that the cooperation is consolidated or that the public has been substantially modified, once that the public does not have the capacity to create lasting habits
473

Acessibilidade e mobilidade dos pedestres frequentadores e moradores próximos aos parques Areião e Vaca Brava em Goiânia-GO. / Accessibility and mobility of pedestrians goers and residents near the Parks Vaca Brava and Areião in Goiânia-GO.

Cunha, Esther Milhomem de Oliveira 05 March 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:54:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ESTHER MILHOMEM DE OLIVEIRA CUNHA.pdf: 19763268 bytes, checksum: 76144c89e569dc2d407504c142b1abdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-05 / The population growth and socioeconomic development of cities are followed by the deterioration of quality of life of residents that is invariably related to their capacity of moving around in their daily routine. In recent decades, the city of Goiania showed a high growth rate resulting in urban issues that interfered regarding accessibility and mobility of pedestrians. In this sense, the present study aimed to analyses the situation of accessibility and mobility of pedestrians living in the neighbourhoods of Areiao park and Vaca Brava park, that are seen as upscale areas, it pointed out the level of service of the sidewalks around the parks, and more specifically, it verified the differences of the indicators of accessibility and mobility in the surroundings of the two parks. Therefore, an analysis of physical environment in the surroundings of streams Areiao and Vaca Brava was performed, through the elaboration of thematic maps as slopes, hypsometry, long strands and altimetric diversity; the methodological approach of Ferreira and Sanchez (1998) was used, applied in 80 points distributed in the two basins; 240 questionnaires were applied, 120 in each basin. The analysis of the physical environment identified that the basins of Areiao and Vaca Brava streams have factors that increase the acceleration of the surface runoff, fostering the erosion of the streets and sidewalks of the areas adjacent to parks, as well as floods. Taking use of Ferreira and Sanchez methodology (1998) it was possible to indicate that the level of service is predominantly between good to regular, varying between 55% and 80%; and bad to very bad, between 45% and 15%, respectively for the Areiao Park and Vaca Brava Park. The region of Vaca Brava Park presented higher level of service regarding accessibility and mobility than Areiao Park region. The interviews carried out confirmed the results obtained by the methodology of Ferreira and Sanches (1998) and pointed out that the quality of the sidewalks is between regular and bad. The characteristics of the physical environment are factors that can increase the process of erosion and flooding of streets and sidewalks, but these factors isolated do not justify the precarious conditions observed on the sidewalks of the two areas surveyed. The environmental interference could be easily reduced with appropriated adaptations, maintenance and quality control by the government, following the laws related to urban mobility and accessibility. Walking on the streets of an upscale neighbourhood of Goiania, still not representing quality of life for the population. / O crescimento populacional e o desenvolvimento sócioeconômico das cidades são acompanhados pela deteriorização na qualidade de vida da população que invariavelmente está relacionada à capacidade de deslocamento nas suas atividades cotidianas. A cidade de Goiânia apresentou nas últimas décadas elevado nível de crescimento o que resultou em problemas urbanos que interferem na acessibilidade e mobilidade da população pedestre. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa objetivou análisar as condições de acessibilidade e mobilidade dos pedestres residentes nas imediações dos Parques Areião e Vaca Brava, áreas consideradas nobres, indicando os níveis de serviço das calçadas nos arredores dos parques e, de forma especifica, identificou diferenças nos indicadores de acessibilidade e mobilidade nas regiões circunvizinhas aos dois parques. Para tanto, foi realizada a análise do meio fisico referente às bacia dos Córregos Areião e Vaca Brava, a partir de elaboração de mapas temáticos como declividades, hipsometria, comprimento de vertentes e diversidade altimétricas; foi utilizada a proposta metodológica de Ferreira e Sanches (1998), aplicada em 80 pontos distribuídos nas duas bacias; foram aplicados 240 questionários, sendo 120 em cada bacia. A análise do meio físico identificou, nas bacias do Córrego Areião e Vaca Brava, fatores que potencializam a acelaração do fluxo superficial, favorecendo o processo erosivo das ruas e calçadas das áreas adjacentes aos parques, assim como alagamentos. A partir da metodologia de Ferreira e Sanches (1998) foi possível indicar os níveis de serviços predominantemente de bom a regular, variando entre 55 a 80% e; ruim a péssimo, entre 45 a 15%, respectivamente para os Parques Areião e Vaca Brava. A região do Parque Vaca Brava apresentou melhores níveis de serviço referentes a acessebilidade e mobilidade, em relação à região do Parque Areião. As entrevistas validaram os resultados obtidos pela metodologia de Ferreira e Sanches (1998) e apontaram para qualidade das calçadas de regular a ruim. As caracerísticas do meio físico são fatores potencializadores de processos erosivos e alagamentos de ruas e calçadas, mas isoladamente não justificam as condições precárias observadas nas calçadas das duas áreas pesquisadas. As interferências ambientais poderiam facilmente ser minorizadas com obras de adequação, manutenção e fiscalização, em conformidade com legislações relativa à mobilidade e acessibilidade urbana. Caminhar pelas ruas dos setores considerados nobres de Goiânia, ainda não representa qualidade de vida para a população.
474

ESTRATÉGIA DE EQÜIDADE um estudo da acessibilidade aos exames de média e alta complexidade no SUS Goiás.

Machado, Grace 22 February 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:55:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GRACE MACHADO.pdf: 883369 bytes, checksum: 5d0ddc6f734ef22a8625972ceb995daa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-22 / This study presents results of a quantitative and qualitative case study about the accessibility of patients of the System of Health Public SUS that require authorization to the medium and high exams at the Sector of Check-in/Ticket Exam and at the Sector of High Complexity/High Cost of the Secretary Municipal of Health of Goiânia. To identify the social-profile, the difficulties to access the authorization process and, also, to fulfill the post-authorization exams, have been used blank forms with closed questions for both mentioned sectors. Interviews have been made from a pre-defined itinerary used for the employees and twenty patients of the studied sectors. Information about the authorization and fulfillment of required exams and the difficulties funded by the patients to fulfill certain kinds of exams were crossed. The present results point for facilities to fulfill medium-complexity exams of Clinical Pathology and highcomplexity exams of cardiology, for the companies that provide service for SUS select low-cost procedure when it comes to companies that provide service for SUS. It concludes that there is a need to ensure to the citizen the full access of the health service with the purpose of a fair and effective attention. / Este trabalho apresenta resultados de um estudo de caso quantitativo e qualitativo sobre a acessibilidade dos pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde SUS que buscaram autorização de seus exames de média e alta complexidade nos setores de Check-in/Vale Exame e de Alto Custo/Alta Complexidade da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Goiânia. Para a identificação do perfil sócio-econômico, das dificuldades de acesso quanto ao processo de autorização e também para a realização dos exames pósautorização, foram utilizados formulários com questões fechadas para os dois setores citados. Foram realizadas entrevistas a partir de um roteiro pré-definido junto a funcionários dos setores estudados e vinte pacientes. Foram cruzadas as informações referentes à autorização e realização dos exames requisitados e as dificuldades encontradas pelos pacientes para realizar determinados tipos de exames. Os resultados apresentados indicam que existem facilidades para realização de exames de Patologia Clínica de média complexidade e de exames de Cardiologia na alta complexidade, pelo fato dos prestadores de serviços do SUS selecionarem procedimentos de baixo custo na execução (patologia clínica) ou de maior valor pago por procedimento (colocação de próteses cardíacas e cirurgias cardíacas de alta complexidade). Conclui pela necessidade de assegurar ao cidadão o acesso integral aos serviços de saúde com o propósito de uma atenção justa e eficaz.
475

PENSANDO A ACESSIBILIDADE ARQUITETÔNICA EM UNIDADES DE SAÚDE: DIAGNÓSTICO DE UM PROCESSO DE MUDANÇA. / Thinking Accesibility Arquitectural in Health Units: Diagnostic of a Changing Process.

Azevedo, Cleide Helena Leitão de 16 May 2016 (has links)
Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-09-08T14:49:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CLEIDE HELENA LEITÃO DE AZEVEDO.pdf: 2399875 bytes, checksum: ee704c92a2c6395fc5bbfb694687eb7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T14:49:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLEIDE HELENA LEITÃO DE AZEVEDO.pdf: 2399875 bytes, checksum: ee704c92a2c6395fc5bbfb694687eb7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-16 / Acessibility is one of the possibilities of interaction and inclusion of people on a social context. In this paper the purpose was to get to know and understand the accessibility as an aspect of inclusion, with a wider look to people with physical disability and reduced mobility related to Health Units. It was made a brief diagnostic of the architectural barriers and the physical accessibility conditions, starting from the dificulties found at the Health Units and in the practical understanding, through interviews with professionals from the civil construction field. The central objective was to understad the motive of the existence and permanency of architectural barriers at Health Units, in the present moment. Its about a literal review and data colection, that was used Health Virtual Library(BVS), Capes periodics and published national articles with the theme of architectural barriers in português language published between 2006 to 2014. In paralel was made a empirical research of qualitative nature, exploratory, interpretative, non structured, following the Grounded Theory, at your modification by Kathy Charmaz. Were interviewed 6 professionals of the civil construction field. To discussion of the interviews was used as explanatory and illustrative instrument, concepts of inclusive architecture as Universal Drawing and Environmental psychology. According to collected data was possible to avaluate that is worrisome the scenario of accessibility at brazilian Health Units. The articles revealed that many are the physical barriers at those units, and the process of implementation of accessibility is slow and shy. During the period contemplated by the articles evaluated at the integrative review was observed that no significant progress was made in acessibility. At the interviews, the professionals showed respect for the legislations, however emphasized the need of a wider vision, beyond rules, laws and professional culture evolution. Emphasized that is indispensable the oversight of constructions and acting of diverse organizations and associations of involved groups. Also that with planing and management is possible to reduce significantly the architectural barriers and construction prices, promoting the inclusion of people with disabilities and reduced mobility at the health units. / A acessibilidade é uma das possibilidades de interação e inclusão de pessoas no contexto social. Nesse estudo procurou-se conhecer e compreender a acessibilidade como um aspecto da inclusão, com um olhar mais ampliado para as pessoas com deficiência física e mobilidade reduzida no que diz respeito ao uso de unidades de saúde. Foi feito um breve diagnóstico das barreiras arquitetônicas e as condições de acessibilidade física, partindo das dificuldades encontradas nas unidades de saúde e no entendimento prático, através de entrevistas com profissionais da área da construção civil. O objetivo central foi de compreender os motivos para a existência e permanência de barreiras arquitetônicas nas unidades de saúde, na atualidade. Trata-se de uma revisão literária e na coleta de dados foi utilizada a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Periódicos Capes e artigos de periódicos nacionais na temática de barreiras arquitetônicas no idioma português publicados no período de 2006 a 2014. Em paralelo foi feita uma pesquisa empírica de natureza qualitativa, exploratória, interpretativa, não estruturada, seguindo os preceitos de Grounded Theory, na sua modificação elaborada por Kathy Charmaz. Foram entrevistados 6 profissionais da área da construção civil. Na discussão das entrevistas foi utilizado como instrumento explicativo e ilustrativo conceitos da arquitetura inclusiva como Desenho Universal e Psicologia Ambiental. De acordo com os dados coletados foi possível observar que é preocupante o cenário de acessibilidade nas unidades de saúde no Brasil. Os artigos revelaram que são muitas as barreiras físicas nessas unidades e o processo de implantação da acessibilidades é lento e tímido. Durante o período contemplado pelos artigos avaliados na revisão integrativa foi observado que não ocorreram progressos significativos quanto à acessibilidade. Nas entrevistas, os profissionais mostraram respeito pelas normas, porém enfatizaram a necessidade de uma visão mais ampla, para além do segmento das leis e das regras e a evolução na cultura profissional. Destacaram que é imprescindível a fiscalização das obras e a atuação das diversas organizações e associações dos grupos envolvidos. Também que, com planejamento e gerenciamento é possível uma redução significativa nas barreiras arquitetônicas e nos custos das obras, promovendo a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência física e mobilidade reduzida nas unidades de saúde.
476

Tabletop tangible maps and diagrams for visually impaired users / Cartes et diagrammes tangibles sur table pour des utilisateurs déficients visuels

Ducasse, Julie 06 October 2017 (has links)
En dépit de leur omniprésence et de leur rôle essentiel dans nos vies professionnelles et personnelles, les représentations graphiques, qu'elles soient numériques ou sur papier, ne sont pas accessibles aux personnes déficientes visuelles car elles ne fournissent pas d'informations tactiles. Par ailleurs, les inégalités d'accès à ces représentations ne cessent de s'accroître ; grâce au développement de représentations graphiques dynamiques et disponibles en ligne, les personnes voyantes peuvent non seulement accéder à de grandes quantités de données, mais aussi interagir avec ces données par le biais de fonctionnalités avancées (changement d'échelle, sélection des données à afficher, etc.). En revanche, pour les personnes déficientes visuelles, les techniques actuellement utilisées pour rendre accessibles les cartes et les diagrammes nécessitent l'intervention de spécialistes et ne permettent pas la création de représentations interactives. Cependant, les récentes avancées dans le domaine de l'adaptation automatique de contenus laissent entrevoir, dans les prochaines années, une augmentation de la quantité de contenus adaptés. Cette augmentation doit aller de pair avec le développement de dispositifs utilisables et abordables en mesure de supporter l'affichage de représentations interactives et rapidement modifiables, tout en étant accessibles aux personnes déficientes visuelles. Certains prototypes de recherche s'appuient sur une représentation numérique seulement : ils peuvent être instantanément modifiés mais ne fournissent que très peu de retour tactile, ce qui rend leur exploration complexe d'un point de vue cognitif et impose de fortes contraintes sur le contenu. D'autres prototypes s'appuient sur une représentation numérique et physique : bien qu'ils puissent être explorés tactilement, ce qui est un réel avantage, ils nécessitent un support tactile qui empêche toute modification rapide. Quant aux dispositifs similaires à des tablettes Braille, mais avec des milliers de picots, leur coût est prohibitif. L'objectif de cette thèse est de pallier les limitations de ces approches en étudiant comment développer des cartes et diagrammes interactifs physiques, modifiables et abordables. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur un type d'interface qui a rarement été étudié pour des utilisateurs déficients visuels : les interfaces tangibles, et plus particulièrement les interfaces tangibles sur table. Dans ces interfaces, des objets physiques représentent des informations numériques et peuvent être manipulés par l'utilisateur pour interagir avec le système, ou par le système lui-même pour refléter un changement du modèle numérique - on parle alors d'interfaces tangibles sur tables animées, ou actuated. Grâce à la conception, au développement et à l'évaluation de trois interfaces tangibles sur table (les Tangible Reels, la Tangible Box et BotMap), nous proposons un ensemble de solutions techniques répondant aux spécificités des interfaces tangibles pour des personnes déficientes visuelles, ainsi que de nouvelles techniques d'interaction non-visuelles, notamment pour la reconstruction d'une carte ou d'un diagramme et l'exploration de cartes de type " Pan & Zoom ". D'un point de vue théorique, nous proposons aussi une nouvelle classification pour les dispositifs interactifs accessibles. / Despite their omnipresence and essential role in our everyday lives, online and printed graphical representations are inaccessible to visually impaired people because they cannot be explored using the sense of touch. The gap between sighted and visually impaired people's access to graphical representations is constantly growing due to the increasing development and availability of online and dynamic representations that not only give sighted people the opportunity to access large amounts of data, but also to interact with them using advanced functionalities such as panning, zooming and filtering. In contrast, the techniques currently used to make maps and diagrams accessible to visually impaired people require the intervention of tactile graphics specialists and result in non-interactive tactile representations. However, based on recent advances in the automatic production of content, we can expect in the coming years a growth in the availability of adapted content, which must go hand-in-hand with the development of affordable and usable devices. In particular, these devices should make full use of visually impaired users' perceptual capacities and support the display of interactive and updatable representations. A number of research prototypes have already been developed. Some rely on digital representation only, and although they have the great advantage of being instantly updatable, they provide very limited tactile feedback, which makes their exploration cognitively demanding and imposes heavy restrictions on content. On the other hand, most prototypes that rely on digital and physical representations allow for a two-handed exploration that is both natural and efficient at retrieving and encoding spatial information, but they are physically limited by the use of a tactile overlay, making them impossible to update. Other alternatives are either extremely expensive (e.g. braille tablets) or offer a slow and limited way to update the representation (e.g. maps that are 3D-printed based on users' inputs). In this thesis, we propose to bridge the gap between these two approaches by investigating how to develop physical interactive maps and diagrams that support two-handed exploration, while at the same time being updatable and affordable. To do so, we build on previous research on Tangible User Interfaces (TUI) and particularly on (actuated) tabletop TUIs, two fields of research that have surprisingly received very little interest concerning visually impaired users. Based on the design, implementation and evaluation of three tabletop TUIs (the Tangible Reels, the Tangible Box and BotMap), we propose innovative non-visual interaction techniques and technical solutions that will hopefully serve as a basis for the design of future TUIs for visually impaired users, and encourage their development and use. We investigate how tangible maps and diagrams can support various tasks, ranging from the (re)construction of diagrams to the exploration of maps by panning and zooming. From a theoretical perspective we contribute to the research on accessible graphical representations by highlighting how research on maps can feed research on diagrams and vice-versa. We also propose a classification and comparison of existing prototypes to deliver a structured overview of current research.
477

Procedimentos para tornar mais efetivo o uso das redes neurais artificiais em planejamento de transportes. / Alternative procedures to make more effective the application artificial neural network in transportation planning.

Bocanegra, Charlie Williams Rengifo 05 February 2002 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar procedimentos alternativos capazes de tornar mais efetiva a aplicação, em planejamento de transportes, de modelos desenvolvidos através de redes neurais artificiais (RNA). Pensar, do ponto de vista prático, que um programa de computador seja imprescindível para a fase de treinamento da rede é aceitável, mas depender deste programa também para estimativas e simulações a partir da rede treinada é muito restritivo. Desta forma, o ideal seria obter instrumentos capazes de reproduzir, fora do software de RNA, o comportamento de redes treinadas, integrando a capacidade de predição das RNAs a outros ambientes e ferramentas. Isto ampliaria os recursos de diferentes ferramentas de planejamento, permitindo, por exemplo, análises de sensibilidade mais simples e diretas. Este trabalho será baseado em um modelo já desenvolvido em outra pesquisa, na qual se treinou uma rede neural artificial para estimar um índice de potencial de viagens para planejamento estratégico de transportes. Trata-se de um caso típico em que, embora a rede treinada conduza a estimativas razoáveis de número de viagens por domicílio a partir de variáveis que caracterizam a mobilidade e a acessibilidade, não se pode realizar outras análises a partir dos resultados sem fazer uso do software em que a rede neural artificial foi treinada e obviamente do arquivo com a rede já treinada. Daí a importância de desenvolver alternativas capazes de tornar mais efetivo o uso desse tipo de modelo. Dentre as alternativas aqui exploradas está a reprodução do modelo de RNA em uma planilha eletrônica, o desenvolvimento de um programa em visual basic, a construção de ábacos e a integração, de forma direta, do modelo de RNA a um sistema de informações geográficas (SIG). Para esse último caso, o modelo em ambiente SIG foi utilizado em uma aplicação na cidade de Bauru, a partir de dados agregados em zonas, onde se simulou alterações nos valores das variáveis de entrada, de forma a avaliar o seu impacto sobre as viagens estimadas em diferentes regiões da cidade. Todas as alternativas exploradas ilustram bem a ampliação das possibilidades de realização de análises de sensibilidade com os modelos de RNA, sobretudo quando combinados com os SIG, particularmente quando a localização dos valores estimados como saída é importante no contexto de análise e tomada de decisão. É importante destacar ainda que, além de permitir a condução de análises de sensibilidade, as alternativas apresentadas neste estudo podem, de certa forma, ajudar aos planejadores e tomadores de decisão a entender a lógica do modelo. / The objective of this work is to explore alternative procedures to make more effective the application of ANN (artificial neural network) models in transportation planning. While the use of a specific computer program for training the networks is acceptable, the requirement of the same dedicated software also for predictions and simulations using the trained network is very restrictive from a practical point of view. An alternative to tackle this problem would be to reproduce the behavior of the trained ANN models out the training package through the integration of their estimation capabilities to other tools and environments. This could extend the resources of different planning tools, allowing, for instance, simpler and direct sensitivity analyses. The present study is based on a model developed in previous research work, in which a particular ANN model has been developed to estimate a Trip Potential Index for transportation planning at a strategic level. This is a typical example of a model able to produce acceptable trip number estimations based on input variables associated to mobility and accessibility. Any further analyses, however, are usually dependent on the use of the same package used for training the network and the file with the trained network. This stresses the importance of developing alternatives to make more effective the use of this sort of model. Among the alternatives explored in this work are: the use of electronic spreadsheets, a computer program written in visual basic, graphs, and the direct integration of the ANN model into a geographic information system (GIS) commercial package. In the last case, the model in a GIS-environment has been used to run an application in the city of Bauru. Using data aggregated at the zonal level, changes in the input variables have been simulated in order to evaluate their impact on the trips estimated for different city regions. All alternatives explored here demonstrate the possibilities offered by the ANN models for sensitivity analyses. This is even more evident in the case of ANN models combined with GIS, particularly when the location of the predicted values is a relevant element in the analysis or decision making context. In addition, the procedures presented here may somehow help planners and decisionmakers in understanding the logic behind the models.
478

Hospitalidade pública: o caso da Praça Gustavo Teixeira em São Pedro, SP / Public hospitality: the case of the Gustavo Teixeira Square in São Pedro, SP

Quiararia, Clarissa Campos 08 June 2018 (has links)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar como a hospitalidade pública se manifesta na Praça Gustavo Teixeira, em São Pedro, Estado de São Paulo, a partir das relações estabelecidas entre moradores e turistas, tendo como base as dimensões de acessibilidade, legibilidade e identidade. A metodologia utilizada foi uma combinação de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, fundamentada em documentos de arquivos públicos, fotografias e mapas da Prefeitura Municipal de São Pedro; relatórios de pesquisa baseados em trabalho de campo de auxiliares. Dentre as técnicas de coleta de dados estão observação sistemática e pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, exploratória e com questões semiestruturadas e abertas, o que permitiu um melhor direcionamento no decorrer da conversa informal. O grupo de entrevistados divide-se em moradores, composto por seis pessoas que possuem envolvimento com o local de pesquisa em todos os momentos da vida; e visitantes, composto por mais seis pessoas que não possuem envolvimento diário com o local. Constatou-se que a maioria dos moradores visita a Praça diariamente; suas falas são repletas de sentimentos pelo local; percebem, nitidamente, uma interação com outros moradores e com turistas; a dimensão da acessibilidade, por meio da localização, da qualidade das vias de acesso, da divulgação das atividades, está presente; a legibilidade, por sua vez, faz-se nítida por possuir área verde, bancos, coreto, tranquilidade de cidade do interior; e, por fim, a identidade é percebida na forma como os anfitriões conversam, nas atividades realizadas teatro, música, literatura, quermesse, museu que leva o nome do poeta. Já o grupo de turistas visita a Praça quase todas as vezes que está na Estância, com exceção de um integrante que a visitou pela primeira vez; são motivados pela natureza e pela segurança característica de cidade pequena ao deixar os filhos brincarem em meio ao espaço verde; notam um acolhimento por parte dos moradores, tanto na Praça quanto no comércio do entorno; a acessibilidade é percebida pelas informações passadas em pontos de informações turísticas, no comércio, na internet, na fácil localização por estar no centro da cidade; a dimensão da legibilidade faz-se presente no espaço verde em meio ao urbano, nas lembranças da infância e no encontro com amigos; já a identidade é percebida no artesanato e na gastronomia do entorno, na relação amigável entre as pessoas / The present study aimed to identify and analyze how public hospitality is manifested in Gustavo Teixeira Square, in São Pedro, State of São Paulo, based on relationships established between residents and tourists, based on the accessibility, readability and identity dimensions. The methodology used was a combination of bibliographical and documentary research, based on public records documents, photographs and maps of the São Pedro City Hall; research reports based on auxiliary field work. Among the techniques of data collection are observation systematic and qualitative, exploratory research with semi structured and open questions, which allowed a better targeting during the informal conversation. The group of interviewees is divided into residents, composed of six people who have involvement with the research site at all times of life; and visitors, composed of another six people who do not have daily involvement with the place. It was verified that the residents visit the Square daily; their lines are full of feelings for the place; they perceive, clearly, an interaction with other residents and tourists; the accessibility dimension, through location, the quality of the access roads, the dissemination of activities, is present; the readability, in turn, is made clear by having green area, benches, gazebo, tranquility of inner city; and, finally, the identity is perceived in the way the hosts talk, in the activities performed - theater, music, literature, kermesse, museum that bears the name of the poet. Already the group of tourists visits the Square every time it is in the Estancia, except for one member who visited it for the first time; are motivated by the nature and safety characteristic of a small town - by letting their children play in the green space; they notice a welcome on the part of the residents, both in the Square and in the commerce of the surroundings; the accessibility is perceived by the information passed in points of tourist information, in the commerce, in the internet, in the easy location for being in the center of the city; the dimension of readability is present in the green space in the middle of the urban, in the memories of childhood and in the encounter with friends; already the identity is perceived in the crafts and in the gastronomy of the surroundings, in the friendly relationship between the people
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A acessibilidade do doente ao tratamento de tuberculose no município de Ribeirão Preto (2007) / Patients Accessibility to Tuberculosis Treatment in the City of Ribeirão Preto (2007).

Arcêncio, Ricardo Alexandre 22 December 2008 (has links)
Um dos grandes entraves no controle da TB na conjuntura atual consiste na acessibilidade do doente às tecnologias e aos recursos disponíveis. Assim, propôsse analisar a acessibilidade do doente ao tratamento de TB no município de Ribeirão Preto. Trata-se de um estudo seccional, realizado a partir da adaptação de instrumentos componentes do Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT), formulados e validados para avaliar os aspectos críticos da atenção primária desenvolvidos na Universidade de Johns Hopkins (Starfield 2000; 1998). Adequado e validado para o Brasil por Macincko e Almeida (2006), sendo adaptado para a atenção à TB por Villa e Ruffino-Netto (2008). A amostra do estudo foi por conveniência, selecionando-se duas fontes primárias de informações: Doentes diagnosticados de TB entre junho de 2006 a julho de 2007, acima de 18 anos, não pertencentes ao sistema prisional e profissionais de saúde que desenvolviam ações de controle nos Centros de Referência. A acessibilidade foi categorizada em 4 dimensões: Organizacional, Sócio-cultural, Geográfica e Econômica. Os entrevistados responderam cada pergunta segundo escala de possibilidades, do tipo Likert, com 5 posições. O processo de análise deu-se em duas etapas: Na primeira, compararam-se os centros de referência, aplicando-se os testes Anova e Kruskall Wallis, quando violados os critérios de homocedasticidade requeridos pelo teste paramétrico. A homocedasticidade foi confirmada pelo Teste de Bartlett. Na segunda etapa as fontes de informações foram comparadas, utilizando o teste qui-quadrado. Assumiram-se em todos os testes o nível de significância de 5%. A consistência interna do instrumento foi certificada pelo alpha de cronbach. Realizou-se 116 entrevistas, sendo 100 com doentes e 16 com profissionais de saúde. Em relação aos doentes, predominou o sexo masculino, com ensino fundamental incompleto, residente em moradia própria. No que tange aos profissionais de saúde, a maioria é do sexo feminino, com formação de nível médio. A maioria dos doentes foi encaminhada pelo pronto-atendimento ou hospital. Na dimensão geográfica, os achados apontaram como barreira ao tratamento, as distâncias entre os Centros de Referência a TB e os domicílios dos pacientes. Na dimensão econômica identificaram-se os gastos com viagens e as perdas no dia de trabalho. Frente à dimensão sócio-cultural, identificaram-se níveis insatisfatórios de educação em saúde e do envolvimento da comunidade. A busca ativa na comunidade não é priorizada no contexto dos serviços de saúde. Na dimensão organizacional, observaram-se níveis satisfatórios na realização de baciloscopias para o diagnóstico de TB e exames de HIV; todavia, o controle de comunicantes foi falho na maioria dos centros. Os trabalhadores não recomendam à comunidade os serviços de saúde onde desempenham suas ações com a mesma veemência dos doentes. Conclui-se que a educação em saúde, a busca ativa e o gerenciamento do tratamento são ações que devem ser priorizadas pelas equipes de saúde, de forma a ampliar a acessibilidade dos pacientes ao tratamento de TB. / One of the greatest challenges regarding tuberculosis control in the present scenario is patients access to technologies and resources available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess such access in the city of Ribeirão Preto. It is a sectional study conducted from the adaptation of the instruments comprising the Primary Care Assessment Tool designed and validated in order to evaluate critical aspects of primary care at John Hopkins University (Starfield, 2000; 1998), it was later adapted by Macinko and Almeida to used in Brazil. Villa and Ruffino Netto (2008) adapted the tool for TB attention. The sample was selected by convenience and two primary information sources were chosen: patients over eighteen years of age who did not come from prisons, diagnosed with TB from June 2006 to July 2007 and health workers who were involved with control actions in reference centers. Access was split up into four categories: organizational, sociocultural, geographical, and economic. Respondents answered each question according to the scale of possibilities, Likertlike scale, with five ranks. The analysis process occurred in two distinct phases. In the first one, the reference centers were compared, using the ANOVA and Kruskall Wallis tests when homocedasticity criteria required by the parametric test were violated. Homocedasticity was confirmed by employing the Bartlett test. In the second phase, by using the Chi Square test, the information sources were compared. For all tests, a 5% level of significance was assumed. The Instrument consistency was certified by the Chronbachs Alpha test. One hundred patients and sixteen health workers were surveyed, totaling one hundred and sixteen surveys. As regards patients, most of them were males who had not completed primary school and had their own house; as for the health workers, most were high school level females. Most of the patients were referred by an emergency room or a hospital. In a geographical dimension, the distance between the patients homes and the reference center was found to be an obstacle to their access to treatment; in an economic dimension, expenses incurred with commuting and losing a working day were the obstacles; socioculturally speaking, the problem was a poor level of information about health and low community involvement- active search in the community was not a priority in the health service realm; and in the organizational aspect, although bacciloscopy to diagnose TB and HIV tests were satisfactorily performed, communicants control was poor in most health centers. The health workers did not recommend the health services at the units where they held a job as vehemently as did the patients. The conclusion was that education in health, management of treatment, and active search were actions that should be prioritized by health teams in order to expand patients accessibility to TB treatment.
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Making sense of street chaos : an ethnographic exploration of the health service usage of homeless people in Dublin

O'Carroll, Austin January 2015 (has links)
The aim of this study was to explore the Health Service Utilization (HSU) of homeless people in Dublin. In particular, it sought to identify a critical realist explanatory model for why the HSU of homeless people differs from that of the general population. Critical realist (CR) ethnography was used as the research methodology and was supplemented with forty-seven semi-structured interviews and two focus groups. The HSU of homeless participants in Dublin is described. When compared to the domiciled population, homeless people were found to have a tendency to present late on in their illness, to have higher utilization of primary care services and lower utilization of secondary care services and to avoid psychiatric services. The factors that influenced participants HSU tendency are identified as external or internal influences on HSU. External factors are described as physical, administrative or attitudinal barriers or deterrents; or external promoters of health service usage. Internalised inhibitors and promoters are illustrated as either cognitions or emotions that are developed in reaction to external circumstances and which either negatively or positively impact on health service usage. Interactions between health professionals and participants that resulted in exclusion (by the health professional or self-exclusion) are described as Conversations of Exclusion. A critical realist model was outlined that offers an explanation for why homeless people’s HSU differs from that of the general population in Dublin. This model included a description of the generative mechanisms identified as producing the HSU tendencies in the study population. The implications of this new model are discussed in the light of the literature and previous models that seek to explain the HSU of homeless people.

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