Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo que possui como tema central a acreditação segundo a norma ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025 e os esforços dispendidos por laboratórios de ensaio e calibração para sua obtenção. O objetivo principal foi facilitar a implantação da norma ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025 em laboratórios de ensaio interessados em obter tal reconhecimento. O trabalho foi organizado conforme três artigos. No primeiro, foi estruturado um método de padronização de ensaios que atende aos requisitos da norma vinculados à seleção e validação de métodos e pode auxiliar os laboratórios a obter a acreditação almejada. No segundo, foram propostas diretrizes para criação, estruturação e acreditação de sistemas de gestão da qualidade que visem o atendimento dos requisitos da norma referida. No terceiro, foram identificados os impactos que requisitos listados pela norma ABNT NBR ISO 14971 e pela Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) 16 da Anvisa, de 28 de Março de 2013, podem provocar em laboratórios de ensaio e calibração de equipamentos. Os resultados indicaram que são utilizados, predominantemente, critérios quantificáveis nas etapas que compõem o ciclo de vida de métodos de ensaio. Além disto, foi destacado que diretrizes como “treinar envolvidos em ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025” e “avaliar o Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ) estruturado” podem contribuir para que sejam minimizadas as não conformidades identificadas durante a verificação a ser realizada pelo organismo acreditador. Posteriormente, foi identificado que o desenvolvimento de métodos de ensaio se relaciona diretamente com as demandas dos clientes dos laboratórios. Por fim, foi destacado que as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos laboratórios de ensaio e calibração estão relacionadas com a estruturação física e com o processo de estruturação do SGQ desses laboratórios. / This thesis reports a study whose central theme is ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation, and the efforts to be exerted by testing and calibration laboratories to obtain it. The main objective was to facilitate the implantation of ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025 requirements in laboratories which seeks such recognition. The work was organized in terms of three articles. In the first, a test standardization method is described which meets the requirements specified for the selection and validation of methods, and which can help laboratories to obtain the desired accreditation. In the second, guidelines are proposed for the creation, definition of structural form and accreditation of quality management systems set up to meet the specified requirements. The third identifies the impacts which ABNT NBR ISO 14971 and RDC 16 from Anvisa, of 28 March 2013, can have on laboratories that undertake tests and calibration of equipment. The results show that the criteria used in the steps which make up the life-cycles of testing procedures are primarily quantitative. It is also emphasized that meeting requirements such as "training those involved in ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025" and "evaluate performance of the structured Quality Management System (QMS)" can contribute by minimizing the occurrence of failures to meet required specifications when the certifying body conducts its assessment. It was also found that the development of testing methods is directly related to the demands of clients served by the laboratories. Lastly, it was found that the main difficulties encountered by testing and calibration laboratories are related to the way in which their QMSs was established, and to their physical structure.

Orientador: Ettore Bresciani Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T20:11:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thimmig_RolandoAntonio_D.pdf: 1460008 bytes, checksum: 14b7a07d7a7e08b91c77d5d2d015dc9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho se propõe a elaborar um novo método para a acreditação em instituições de saúde pelo estudo de sistemas complexos, utilizando a sistemografia como ferramenta de modelização de sistemas. A utilização da técnica da sistemografia permite o mapeamento e a racionalização dos processos, facilitando sua compreensão pelos diversos profissionais envolvidos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é apresentar este método de forma a simplificar o processo de acreditação, identificando redundâncias e incompletudes eventualmente existentes neste processo. Conceitualmente, a acreditação é um método voluntário e educacional de estímulo, avaliação e certificação externa da qualidade de serviços de saúde, que introduz, nas instituições prestadoras de serviços de assistência à saúde, a cultura da qualidade. Após a realização de uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito de sistemas, sistemografia, processos, gestão do conhecimento e acreditação hospitalar, é feita uma análise geral da acreditação de uma instituição de saúde, que passa a ser estudada através de seu processo de acreditação inicial (ou incremental) e de seu processo de manutenção (ou de reavaliação) da acreditação. Esta análise inclui o detalhamento desses dois processos através de seus sistemógrafos operacional, informacional e decisional, sendo seus processadores analisados, avaliados, comparados e tabulados segundo sua categoria, tipo e nível. A elaboração dos sistemógrafos operacionais (apresentando as operações envolvidas no processo), dos sistemógrafos informacionais (em que o fluxo das informações é destacado) e dos sistemógrafos decisionais (em que são mostradas as tomadas de decisões) permite, durante a análise da atividade em questão, avaliá-la e melhorá-la. Estes sistemógrafos permitem observar e eliminar redundâncias e ciclos que são (ou não) importantes para o processo propriamente dito, proporcionando assim a sua visualização sistêmica, identificando pontos que permitam sua racionalização, seu aumento de flexibilidade e sua agilização. Em seguida, a análise teórica é complementada através de um estudo de caso, em que é apresentado o processo de acreditação de um hospital de grande porte. Finalmente, são apresentadas as conclusões, baseadas tanto no estudo teórico como no estudo prático / Abstract: This work proposes a new method for the healthcare institution¿s accreditation trough the study of complex systems, using the systemography as a systems modeling tool. The systemographic technique use allows the processes¿ mapping and rationalization, enabling the different involved professionals understanding. The general objective of this work is to present this method in a way that simplifies the accreditation process, identifying redundancies and incompletenesses that may eventually exist in this process. Conceptually, accreditation is a voluntary and educational method that incentives, evaluates and certifies the quality of healthcare services, which introduces in the healthcare institutions services the culture of quality. After the bibliographical revision regarding systems, systemography, processes, knowledge management and hospitals' accreditation, a general analysis of a health institution accreditation is performed, through the study of its initial (or incremental) accreditation process and trough its maintenance (or revaluation) accreditation process. This analysis includes the two processes specification through their operational, informational and decisional systemographs, having their processors analyzed, appraised, compared and tabulated by category, type and level. The operational systemographs (listing the operations involved in the process), the informational systemographs (highlighting the information flow) and the decisional systemographs (presenting the decisions) allow, during the activity analysis, to evaluate and to improve it. These systemographs allow the identification and elimination of redundancies and the separation of the main process cycles from the others, providing a systemic visualization and identification of points that enable its rationalization, flexibility increase and agility. The theoretical analysis is followed and complemented by a case study, where a large hospital¿s accreditation process is presented. At the end, the conclusions based in the theoretical and practical reviews are presented. / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-17T12:21:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 viviangribeldavila.pdf: 596375 bytes, checksum: b225dd6c01e3eb32228a6072cc9654bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T13:00:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 viviangribeldavila.pdf: 596375 bytes, checksum: b225dd6c01e3eb32228a6072cc9654bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T13:02:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 viviangribeldavila.pdf: 596375 bytes, checksum: b225dd6c01e3eb32228a6072cc9654bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T13:02:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 viviangribeldavila.pdf: 596375 bytes, checksum: b225dd6c01e3eb32228a6072cc9654bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-04 / A acreditação hospitalar é um método de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de saúde do qual o enfermeiro participa ativamente desde a implantação até manutenção. Com o objetivo de identificar a influência da acreditação hospitalar no processo de trabalho dos enfermeiros, realizou-se um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, cujo cenário foi um hospital público acreditado situado em uma cidade da Zona da Mata mineira. Como referencial teórico, utilizou-se de estudos sobre as origens históricas da enfermagem profissional e os conceitos de trabalho, força de trabalho, processo de trabalho e processo de trabalho em enfermagem, resgatados do materialismo histórico e dialético. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada com 16 enfermeiros que exercem suas atividades laborais no referido serviço, e as respostas foram analisadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, emergindo quatro categorias temáticas: A influência da acreditação hospitalar no processo de trabalho Assistir; A influência da acreditação hospitalar no processo de trabalho Administrar; A influência da acreditação hospitalar nos processos de trabalho Ensinar e Pesquisar; A influência da acreditação hospitalar no processo de trabalho Participar Politicamente. Os resultados permitiram identificar a influência da acreditação hospitalar no processo de trabalho do enfermeiro, considerando-se que a certificação baseada em critérios de qualidade impacta o seu cotidiano de trabalho no que tange à assistência, gerência, ensino e participação política. O processo de trabalho pesquisar não aparece de forma direta nas falas dos sujeitos, entretanto se faz presente de modo subliminar, permeando todos os processos. / Hospital accreditation processes is a method to assessingthe quality of healthcare in which nurses actively participate in both implementation and maintenance. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of hospital accreditation in nursing work process through a qualitative approach conducted in a public hospital in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We used the historical and dialectical materialism as the theoretical framework of this study, specifically the historical origins of professional nursing and the concepts of workforce, working processes and work process in nursing. We applied semi-structured interviewsto 16 nurses and subjected the data collected to content analysis. It revealed four central themes: the influence of hospital accreditation in working processes “to care”; the influence of hospital accreditation in working process “to manage”; the influence of hospital accreditation in working process “to teach and to research”; the influence of hospital accreditation in working process “political participation”. The results showed that hospital accreditation has influence in nursing working process, considering that the certification based on quality criteria impacts their everyday work life regarding the care, the management, the education and political participation. The working process “to research” does not appear directly in the results though it is present in a subliminal way, permeating all processes.

É um dever dos profissionais que trabalham na área de mensuração discutir os temas que envolvem a manutenção/calibração de instrumentos geodésicos em ambiente laboratorial e o uso de padrões específicos voltados para as áreas de instrumentação e de Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade. Para isso, é importante mencionar as normas ISO 17123:2001, NBR ISO/IEC 17025:2005, ABNT NBR ISO 9001:2000 e os métodos compactos para laboratório voltados para testar estações totais e instrumentos EDM. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa é discutir os temas relacionados à manutenção/calibração de instrumentos geodésicos em laboratório, mostrando a importância da implantação do Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ). Também são discutidas as vantagens decorrentes desta implantação, bem como a organização estrutural e de pessoal para tal sistema, apresentando as normas específicas usadas para a realização de trabalhos em agrimensura. Para compreender melhor a temática da dissertação foram pesquisados alguns laboratórios internacionais que trabalham com a manutenção/calibração de instrumentos geodésicos, que são acreditados pela norma ISO 17025:2005, são certificados pelas normas ISO 9001:2000 e realizam os seus procedimentos de acordo com os requisitos da norma ISO 17123:2001. Dessa forma, as avaliações sobre a estrutura organizacional do laboratório, a estrutura de pessoal e o SGQ implantado, foram realizadas de forma mais segura. Os laboratórios pesquisados realizam suas atividades de acordo com os requisitos das normas ISO 9001:2000, ISO 17025:2005 e ISO 17123, garantindo qualidade aos trabalhos nos laboratórios. A calibração realizada de forma correta e regular contribui para a promoção da qualidade das atividades nos laboratórios. / It is the duty of professionals working in the area of measurement discuss issues involving the maintenance/calibration of geodesic instruments in the laboratory and the use of specific standards directed to the areas of instrumentation and Quality Management System. Therefore, it is important to dimensional standards ISO 17123:2001, ISO/IEC 17025:2005, ISO 9001:2000 and compact laboratory methods aimed at testing EDM instruments and total stations. In this context, the main objective of this research is to discuss issues related to maintenance/calibration of geodetic instruments in the laboratory, showing the importance of implementing the Quality Management System (QMS). Also discussed are advantages of this deployment, as well as the structural organization and personnel for such a system, with specific standards used to perform work in surveying. To better understand the theme of the thesis were searched some international laboratories that work with the maintenance/calibration of geodetic instruments, which are accredited to ISO 17025:2005 are certified by ISO 9001:2000 and realize their procedures in accordance with the requirements of ISO 17123:2001. Thus, the ratings on the organizational structure of the laboratory, the personnel structure and quality management system in place, were held more securely. The laboratories surveyed perform their activities in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 17025:2005 and ISO 17123, ensuring quality to work in laboratories. The calibration performed correctly and regularly contributes to the promotion of quality activities in the laboratories.

The problem with which this study is concerned is to determine the status of academic program evaluation in Texas' senior colleges and universities. The purpose of the study is to determine current procedures, timelines, participants, and use of results of academic program evaluation in the surveyed institutions. The presidents of the seventy-three senior colleges and universities in Texas were contacted for permission to conduct the study. Fifty-four presidents gave their permission and supplied designated contact individuals, forty-six of whom responded for a 62 per cent response rate. The twentyitem survey instrument, which was designed to fulfill the purpose of the study, was evaluated by experts in the field of academic program evaluation at the senior institutional level. All data are reported by frequency, percentage, and rank ordering because these data indicate frequency of use and degree of importance.

This study aimed to analyze the formal organization of work processes in the four Federal University Hospitals of RS, Brazil, from the perspective of quality and safety of patients and professionals. This is a descriptive field research of qualitative and quantitative nature. Data were collected through a semi-structured survey instrument, completed by four professionals who work in quality services or similar of those institutions in the months of June and July 2014. The ethical principles for the conduct of research with human subjects set forth in Resolution 466/12 / CNS were respected. The integrated analysis of the results allowed to argue that the University Hospitals, are progressively sensitive to the importance of modeling of work processes to achieve a standard of care. All considered important the formal organization of work processes (manual labor) and understood that this positively influences, the safety of patients and professionals. The data disclosed the existence of formal structure of standardization of work processes, but in only one HU there is a structured quality service and certification in quality program. There are deficiencies in the use of quality tools, and management, widespread in the literature. As a major difficulty in the organization of work processes appeared to resistance from employees, followed by excess of other activities and lack of infrastructure. It is understood that to improve the institutional security the alternative may be the adoption of a quality program, the process being coordinated by a quality team, implemented in a participatory manner in order to reduce the resistance to new and changes. It is essential that quality goals are part of the institutional policy, to be seen as common goals to all, with participation of managers. It is noticed that the HUs have many challenges, mainly related to personnel management. Must be developed managers able to "buy that idea", that is, committed to quality management. / Este estudo objetivou analisar a organização formal dos processos de trabalho nos quatro Hospitais Universitários Federais do RS, Brasil, sob a ótica da qualidade, segurança dos pacientes e dos profissionais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo descritiva de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de instrumento de pesquisa semiestruturado, respondido pelos quatro profissionais que atuam nos serviços de qualidade ou similar das referidas instituições, nos meses de junho e julho de 2014. Foram respeitados os preceitos éticos para a realização de pesquisas com seres humanos previstos na Resolução 466/12/CNS. A análise integrada dos resultados permitiu argumentar que os Hospitais Universitários, vão sendo progressivamente sensíveis à importância da modelagem dos processos de trabalho, para obtenção de um padrão de assistência. Todos consideraram importante a organização formal dos processos de trabalho (manuais de trabalho) e entenderam que essa influencia positivamente, na segurança dos pacientes e dos profissionais. Identificou-se a existência de estrutura formal de padronização dos processos de trabalho, porém, em apenas um HU há um serviço de qualidade estruturado e com certificação em programa de qualidade. Há deficiência na utilização de ferramenta de qualidade, e de gestão, amplamente difundida na literatura. Como principal dificuldade na organização dos processos de trabalho apareceu a resistência dos funcionários, seguido por excesso de outras atividades e falta de infraestrutura. Entende-se que para melhorar a segurança institucional a alternativa pode ser a adoção de um programa de qualidade, sendo o processo coordenado por uma equipe de qualidade, implementado de forma participativa, visando diminuir a resistência ao novo, às mudanças. É essencial que as metas da qualidade façam parte da política institucional, para que sejam vistas como metas comum a todos, com participação dos gestores. Percebe-se que os HUs possuem inúmeros desafios, principalmente, relacionados à gestão de pessoas. É preciso desenvolver gestores capazes de comprar essa ideia , ou seja, comprometidos com a gestão da qualidade.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Ethiopia‟s health extension programme (HEP), which aims to improve access to and extend the coverage of health services in the country, makes use of the „model families‟ approach as a strategy for diffusing desirable health practices in the community. The approach, which emphasises prevention and health promotion, assumes that through training and accreditation „model families‟ will be able to set an example and encourage communities to embrace healthy lifestyles. However, the programme‟s implementation is not progressing at the pace originally envisaged. In addition, factors influencing the implementation of the „model families‟ approach have not, to date, been explored adequately. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the factors hindering or enabling the implementation of the „model families‟ approach as a strategy for improving primary health care (PHC) services in Yelmana-Denssa District (YDD).

Prior to 2000, there were less than 1.6 million students enrolled in at least one online course. By fall 2010, student enrollment in online distance education showed a phenomenal 283% increase to 6.1 million. Two years later, this number had grown to 7.1 million. In light of this significant growth and skepticism about quality, there have been calls for greater oversight of this format of educational delivery. Accrediting bodies tasked with this oversight have developed guidelines and standards for online education. There is a lack of empirical studies that examine the relationship between accrediting standards and student success. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the presence of Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on College (SACSCOC) standards for online education in online courses, (a) student support services and (b) curriculum and instruction, and student success. An original 24-item survey with an overall reliability coefficient of .94 was administered to students (N=464) at Florida International University, enrolled in 24 university-wide undergraduate online courses during fall 2014, who rated the presence of these standards in their online courses. The general linear model was utilized to analyze the data. The results of the study indicated that the two standards, student support services and curriculum and instruction were both significantly and positively correlated with student success but with small R2 and strengths of association less than .35 and .20 respectively. Mixed results were produced from Chi-square tests for differences in student success between higher and lower rated online courses when controlling for various covariates such as discipline, gender, race/ethnicity, GPA, age, and number of online courses previously taken. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the curriculum and instruction standard was the only variable that accounted for a significant amount of unique variance in student success. Another regression test revealed that no significant interaction effect exists between the two SACSCOC standards and GPA in predicting student success. The results of this study are useful for administrators, faculty, and researchers who are interested in accreditation standards for online education and how these standards relate to student success.

In the thesis, the main focus is concentrated on the regulation of tertiary education sector by means of the accreditation. According to The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), there are chosen the countries with the highest representation of universities in Top20-Top500. Especially in the point of view of their regulation, the systems of tertiary education of those countries are analyzed and divided into two groups: (1) In the first group, there are systems running liberally (or on more liberal base); and (2) In the second one, there are the systems considered as behaving more regulative to tertiary sector. The comparison of those two groups is trying to answer the question if the regulation might be the reason of successfulness or unsuccessfulness of the given group. In comparison of world's best practice, special attention is dedicated to the Czech Accreditation Committee and accreditation process transparency in the Czech Republic. Due to the lucidity, there is to found the illustration of the systems according to each analyzed country at the end of the thesis.

M.A. / The language needs for non-mother tongue speakers of Afrikaans. The study of Afrikaans by non-mother tongue speakers of Afrikaans is not as simple as it sometimes appears. The aim of this study is to identify the specific language needs of individual learners and whether the course complies with all the requirements or meets all their expectations. The study concentrates specifically on the adult learner who is part of the ABET- programme at RAU. The study further tries to investigate any shortcomings by ways of quantitative and qualitative empirical research. The study seeks to make a valuable contribution by its recommendations to other institutions intending to introduce similar courses. Finally, possible further area of research that need to be explored are highligted.