This study investigates the earnings management practices of firms around product recalls. In recent years, the management of earnings around firm-specific events has received considerable attention in the finance and accounting literature. New equity issues, mergers and acquisitions, share repurchases, and management buyouts are some events around which at least some firms have been shown to manage their earnings to achieve managements? objectives. Product recalls offer yet another interesting occasion when managers have incentives to cover up the true financial performance of their firms and mislead investors. In order to determine whether firms announcing product recalls manage earnings more aggressively than non-announcing firms, this study employs the cross-sectional version of the modified Jones (1991) model, as adapted by Teoh, Welch, and Wong (1998 a and b). In order to address the misspecification concern of the model, especially in the context of a performance-related event like product recall, we suggest a modification in the model. We show that the proposed change in the model not only better controls for event-specific working capital changes around recalls, it also increases the explanatory power of the model. Overall, our results suggest that managers tend to manage earnings upwards in quarters immediately preceding and following the recall announcement quarter. We also find weak evidence of downward earnings management in the quarter of recall. These results are in line with the predictions of theoretical models and the findings of past empirical studies in earnings management. The results of our research have important implications for investors and regulators.

This study examines whether auditor industry expertise in private clients influences audit quality of public client engagements in the United States. Private companies are significant to the U.S. economy as well as audit firms. I hand-collect auditors' private client information and construct a national, city, and joint national/city specialist designation and document a 17.9 to 47.3 (12.9 to 25.8) percent decrease in a public client's likelihood to misstate their financial statements (net income earnings management) when an auditor is a private client industry specialist. I then construct and test a city specialist measure using both private and public client data and find that it is economically stronger and more robust than the public only measure commonly employed by audit researchers. This study provides evidence of the importance of private companies to an audit firm's industry expertise as well as to researchers' use of city specialist measure in audit studies. / Doctor of Philosophy / This study examines whether auditor industry expertise in private clients influences audit quality of public client engagements in the United States. Private companies are significant to the U.S. economy as well as audit firms. I hand-collect auditors' private client information and construct a national, city, and joint national/city specialist designation and find that audit quality is higher for the audit firm's public clients in the same industry. Next, I construct and test a city industry specialist measure using both private and public client data and find that it is economically stronger and more robust than the public only measure commonly employed by audit researchers. This study provides evidence of the importance of private companies to an audit firm's industry expertise as well as to researchers' use of city specialist measure in audit studies.

A literatura trata a suavização do lucro líquido como uma das proxies para medir a qualidade da informação contábil (DECHOW; GE; SCHRAND, 2010). Porém, pesquisas sobre suavização do lucro líquido são divergentes em responder se essa suavização aumenta ou diminui a qualidade da informação. Existem trabalhos que testam se o aumento da suavização do lucro líquido aumenta a qualidade da informação por meio da persistência do lucro (TUCKER; ZAROWIN, 2006). Sabe-se, todavia, que os investidores não projetam fluxos de caixa futuros das empresas utilizando somente o lucro líquido, mas as contas de resultado que compõem esse lucro, pois são consideradas relevantes no processo de decisão sobre determinado investimento (BARTON; HANSEN; POWNALL, 2010). Entretanto, desconhecese qual o impacto da suavização sobre as contas de resultado que compõem o lucro líquido. Assim, esta pesquisa procura analisar como o objetivo de suavizar o lucro líquido afeta a persistência das contas de resultado que compõem esse lucro. Nesse sentido, as empresas que fazem parte da amostra foram separadas em empresas que mais e menos suavizam o lucro líquido de acordo com três modelos de suavização encontrados na literatura (LEUZ; NANDA; WYSOCKI , 2003; TUCKER; ZAROWIN, 2006). Posteriormente, foram testadas a persistência das contas de resultado, utilizando o modelo de persistência adaptado de Dechow; Ge e Schrand (2010). Os resultados apontam que as empresas que mais suavizam o lucro líquido possuem contas de resultado mais persistentes em relação às contas das empresas que menos suavizam esse lucro. Além disso, as empresas que mais suavizam o lucro líquido com maior quantidade de accruals discricionários possuem determinadas contas de resultado mais persistentes quando comparadas às empresas que mais suavizam esse lucro com menor quantidade de accruals discricionários. Portanto, os resultados sugerem que o gestor esteja suavizando o lucro artificialmente aumentando a persistência de determinadas contas de resultado, o que caracteriza estas persistências como artificiais. Assim, o investidor que projetar fluxos de caixa de empresas que mais suavizam o lucro líquido com maior quantidade de accruals discricionários poderá ter sua decisão prejudicada / The literature treats the income smoothing as one of the proxies to measure the earnings quality (DECHOW; GE; SCHRAND, 2010). However, research on the income smoothing diverges in whether this smoothing increases or decreases the earnings quality. There are studies that test whether the increase in income smoothing increases the quality of information through the earnings persistence (TUCKER; ZAROWIN, 2006). It is known, however, that investors do not project future cash flows of companies using only net income, but the profit and loss accounts that make up this profit since they are considered relevant in the decision process on an investment (BARTON; HANSEN; POWNALL, 2010). However, the impact of income smoothing on the income statements that make up net income is not known. Thus, this research seeks to analyze how the objective of smoothing the net profit affects the persistence of the income accounts that compose this profit. In this sense, the companies that are part of the sample were separated into companies that more and less smooth the net profit according to three models of income smoothing found in the literature (LEUZ; NANDA; WYSOCKI , 2003; TUCKER; ZAROWIN, 2006). Subsequently, the persistence of the profit and loss accounts was tested using the persistence model adapted from Dechow; Ge and Schrand (2010). The results show that the companies that smoothed the net profit have more persistent profit and loss accounts in relation to the accounts of the companies that least smooth their profit. In addition, companies that the most smoothed their net income with greater amount of discretionary accruals have more persistent profit and loss accounts when compared to the companies that most smooth their profit with less amount of discretionary accruals. Therefore, the results suggest that it is possible for the manager being artificially smoothing the profit, making certain profit and loss accounts more persistent, which characterizes persistence as artificial. Thus, the investor who projects future cash flow from companies that the most smooth the net income with greater discretionary accruals may have their decision impaired, since the projection of future cash flow may not represent the expected future financial performance of the company

A literatura trata a suavização do lucro líquido como uma das proxies para medir a qualidade da informação contábil (DECHOW; GE; SCHRAND, 2010). Porém, pesquisas sobre suavização do lucro líquido são divergentes em responder se essa suavização aumenta ou diminui a qualidade da informação. Existem trabalhos que testam se o aumento da suavização do lucro líquido aumenta a qualidade da informação por meio da persistência do lucro (TUCKER; ZAROWIN, 2006). Sabe-se, todavia, que os investidores não projetam fluxos de caixa futuros das empresas utilizando somente o lucro líquido, mas as contas de resultado que compõem esse lucro, pois são consideradas relevantes no processo de decisão sobre determinado investimento (BARTON; HANSEN; POWNALL, 2010). Entretanto, desconhecese qual o impacto da suavização sobre as contas de resultado que compõem o lucro líquido. Assim, esta pesquisa procura analisar como o objetivo de suavizar o lucro líquido afeta a persistência das contas de resultado que compõem esse lucro. Nesse sentido, as empresas que fazem parte da amostra foram separadas em empresas que mais e menos suavizam o lucro líquido de acordo com três modelos de suavização encontrados na literatura (LEUZ; NANDA; WYSOCKI , 2003; TUCKER; ZAROWIN, 2006). Posteriormente, foram testadas a persistência das contas de resultado, utilizando o modelo de persistência adaptado de Dechow; Ge e Schrand (2010). Os resultados apontam que as empresas que mais suavizam o lucro líquido possuem contas de resultado mais persistentes em relação às contas das empresas que menos suavizam esse lucro. Além disso, as empresas que mais suavizam o lucro líquido com maior quantidade de accruals discricionários possuem determinadas contas de resultado mais persistentes quando comparadas às empresas que mais suavizam esse lucro com menor quantidade de accruals discricionários. Portanto, os resultados sugerem que o gestor esteja suavizando o lucro artificialmente aumentando a persistência de determinadas contas de resultado, o que caracteriza estas persistências como artificiais. Assim, o investidor que projetar fluxos de caixa de empresas que mais suavizam o lucro líquido com maior quantidade de accruals discricionários poderá ter sua decisão prejudicada / The literature treats the income smoothing as one of the proxies to measure the earnings quality (DECHOW; GE; SCHRAND, 2010). However, research on the income smoothing diverges in whether this smoothing increases or decreases the earnings quality. There are studies that test whether the increase in income smoothing increases the quality of information through the earnings persistence (TUCKER; ZAROWIN, 2006). It is known, however, that investors do not project future cash flows of companies using only net income, but the profit and loss accounts that make up this profit since they are considered relevant in the decision process on an investment (BARTON; HANSEN; POWNALL, 2010). However, the impact of income smoothing on the income statements that make up net income is not known. Thus, this research seeks to analyze how the objective of smoothing the net profit affects the persistence of the income accounts that compose this profit. In this sense, the companies that are part of the sample were separated into companies that more and less smooth the net profit according to three models of income smoothing found in the literature (LEUZ; NANDA; WYSOCKI , 2003; TUCKER; ZAROWIN, 2006). Subsequently, the persistence of the profit and loss accounts was tested using the persistence model adapted from Dechow; Ge and Schrand (2010). The results show that the companies that smoothed the net profit have more persistent profit and loss accounts in relation to the accounts of the companies that least smooth their profit. In addition, companies that the most smoothed their net income with greater amount of discretionary accruals have more persistent profit and loss accounts when compared to the companies that most smooth their profit with less amount of discretionary accruals. Therefore, the results suggest that it is possible for the manager being artificially smoothing the profit, making certain profit and loss accounts more persistent, which characterizes persistence as artificial. Thus, the investor who projects future cash flow from companies that the most smooth the net income with greater discretionary accruals may have their decision impaired, since the projection of future cash flow may not represent the expected future financial performance of the company

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explain how the implementation of IFRS 16 Leaseshas affected how publicly listed firms on the Scandinavian stock exchange markets useearnings management activities. Methodology: This thesis has used a quantitative method using a deductive approach with ageneral positivistic philosophy. The database Datastream, provided via Jönköping University,was used in the data collection. To analyze the data, a Pearson and Spearman’s Rho correlationwas conducted, as well as a multiple linear regression analysis. Findings: The findings suggest that operating leasing has not been used as a substitute to otherkinds of earnings management. Further, Scandinavian public companies show no increasedincentive to use income increasing earnings management via discretionary accruals. Moreover,the findings also show that the implementation of IFRS 16 Leases does not appear to have hadas incremental effects on the Scandinavian public companies as initially expected. Theoretical perspectives: The thesis uses earlier literature within earnings management, aswell as the Agency theory, the Positive accounting theory, and the Signaling theory to enablean explanation to how IFRS 16 Leases has affected how publicly listed firms on theScandinavian stock exchange markets use earnings management activities.

O objetivo principal desta tese foi de verificar se as variáveis contábeis resultado líquido contábil, os accruals e os fluxos de caixa operacionais divulgados (FCOs) possuem capacidade de prever fluxos de caixa operacionais das empresas do mercado segurador brasileiro reguladas pela Susep. Adicionalmente foi verificado qual das três variáveis contábeis foi a mais eficiente na previsão, bem como se os accruals conseguem incrementar a capacidade preditiva dos FCOs. Foram analisadas 2.876 demonstrações contábeis semestrais divulgadas por 200 empresas relativas ao período iniciado em 30 de junho de 2005 e terminado em 31 de dezembro de 2013. A base de dados é original. As empresas foram segregadas em cinco segmentos (seguradoras, resseguradoras, sociedades de capitalização, entidades abertas de previdência complementar sem fins lucrativos (EAPCs) e empresas de vida e previdência), em função de suas especificidades. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análise de dados em painel para verificar a relação existente entre as variáveis. Percebeu-se que as entradas e saídas de caixa provenientes das aplicações financeiras das empresas (resgates e aplicações) são alocadas na Demonstração dos Fluxos de Caixa (DFC) como atividades operacionais e não como de investimentos. Diante deste fato, os procedimentos estatísticos aplicados aos FCOs também foram aplicados aos fluxos de caixa operacionais modificados (MODs), os quais contemplam a reclassificação das movimentações das aplicações financeiras das atividades operacionais para as atividades de investimentos da DFC. A finalidade de também testar o MOD foi de verificar se o mesmo é mais adequado do que o atualmente divulgado (FCO) e se há melhora na sua capacidade preditiva. Os resultados da previsão dos FCOs mostram que as seguintes variáveis contábeis possuem capacidade de prever FCOs do período subsequente, em cada segmento: (a) as três variáveis, nas empresas de vida e previdência e nas seguradoras; (b) o resultado líquido contábil e o FCO, nas resseguradoras; (c) o resultado líquido contábil, nas sociedades de capitalização; e (d) nenhuma variável contábil, nas EAPCs. Os resultados mostram que somente nas empresas de vida e previdência os accruals incrementam a capacidade preditiva do FCO. Quanto ao preditor mais eficiente, os resultados apresentados apontam que o resultado líquido contábil foi mais eficiente nas resseguradoras e nas sociedades de capitalização e os accruals foram mais eficientes nas seguradoras e nas empresas de vida e previdência. A análise dos resultados dos MODs mostram, para cada segmento: (a) quais variáveis possuem capacidade de prever MOD no período subsequente; (b) qual variável foi mais eficiente para prever MOD; e (c) se os accruals incrementam a capacidade preditiva de MOD. Conclui-se que, apesar de distintos resultados entre os segmentos, as variáveis contábeis possuem capacidade preditiva, confirmando entendimentos do FASB e do IASB de que a informação contábil é relevante, pois é capaz de fazer a diferença nas decisões tomadas pelos usuários. Adicionalmente é entendimento do autor desta tese de que as entradas e saídas de caixa proveniente das aplicações financeiras dessas empresas deveriam ser alocadas nas atividades de investimento da DFC. / The main objective of this dissertation was to verify if the accounting variables: earnings, accruals and operating cash flows (FCOs) have the capacity to predict operating cash flows of the companies of the Brazilian insurance market regulated by SUSEP. Additionally, was checked which of the 3 (three) accounting variables was most efficient in the forecast and if the accruals can help to increase the predictive ability of FCOs. 2.876 financial statements were analyzed that were released by 200 companies for the semiannual period beginning on June 30, 2005 and ended December 31, 2013. The database is original. The companies were separated by 5 (five) segments (insurers, reinsurers, capitalization companies, not for profit open private pension entities (EAPCs) and life and pension companies), according to their specificities. Descriptive analysis and panel data analysis were performed to verify relationship between the variables. It was noticed that the cash inflows and outflows from financial investments companies (redemptions and applications) are allocated in the Statements of Cash Flows (DFC) as operating activities and not as investing. Due to this fact, the statistical procedures applied at the FCOs were also applied at modified operating cash flows (MODs), which include the reclassification of movement of financial investments of operating activities for the investing activities of DFC. The purpose to also test the MOD was to verify if it is more appropriate than the currently released (FCO) and if there is any improvement in their predictive ability. The results of FCOs forecasts show that the following accounting variables have the ability to predict FCOs of the subsequent period, in each segment: (a) the 3 (three) variables in the life and pension companies and insurers; (b) the earnings and the FCO in reinsurers; (c) the earnings in capitalization companies; and (d) none of the accounting variables in EAPCs. The results show only in life and pension companies the accruals increment the predictive ability of FCO. As the most efficient predictor, the results show that the earnings was more efficient for reinsurers and the capitalization companies and accruals were more efficient in insurance and in life and pension companies. The results of MODs show, for each segment: (a) which variables have the ability to predict MOD in the subsequent period; (b) which variable was more efficient to predict MOD; and (c) if the accruals increment the predictive ability of MOD. It follows that, although different results between the segments, the accounting variables have predictive ability, confirming understanding of the FASB and IASB that the accounting information is relevant, because it can make a difference in the decisions made by users. Additionally it is the understanding of the author of this dissertation that the cash inflows and outflows from financial investments of these companies should be allocated in investing activities of DFC.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Alexandre Cruz.pdf: 581439 bytes, checksum: 8215e7f1a30c88eccca337c4da7f9bf3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-05 / Earnings management and its relationship with the adoption of changing the estimated useful life of long lived assets: a empirical research with the companies listed on IBOVESPA Under assumption of agency theory, accouting choice theory and premises of earnings management the objects of this research is to understand the relationship between earnings management by changing the estimated useful life of long lived assets and the introduction of the review of useful life of assets in Brazil under the CPC 27 Ativo Imobilizado and the ICPC 10 ( Interpretação Técnica 10 ) by the public companies in their issued financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010. The foundations for the hypotheses considered in this research were based on: (i) if the companies listed on IBOVESPA that adopted the depreciation rates suggested by the Secretaria da Receita Federal (SRF) had boosted the main accouting performances and (ii) if the companies that adopted the revised depreciation rates under the ICPC 10 had boosted the main accouting performances. The univariate regression model was used empirically to estimate this discretionary Accruals, which are the proxy of changed discretionary value of accounting earnings. The study showed that Brazilian companies that adopted different depreciation rates, instead of the ones recommended by the Secretaria da Receita Federal ( SRF ), obtained increased financial ratios than the companies that adopted the SRF depreciation rates. In addition, the qualitative samples analysis demonstrated the intrinsic relation between earnings management and lower levels of corporate governance / Gerenciamento de resultados, e sua relação com a adoção da revisão da vida útil do ativo: Um estudo empírico com as empresas listadas no IBOVESPA. Sob a Teoria da agencia, Teoria da escolha contábil e premissas de gerenciamento de resultados, o objetivo da pesquisa é entender a relação entre o gerenciamento de resultados por meio de alteração na estimativa de vida útil do ativo imobilizado e ativo intangível de vida útil definida frente à introdução da revisão da vida útil no Brasil por meio do CPC 27 Ativo imobilizado e ICPC 10 (Interpretação técnica nº 10 ) nas empresas de capital aberto no Brasil que publicaram suas demonstrações financeiras na data base de 31 de dezembro de 2009 e 2010. As hipóteses consideradas nesta pesquisa estão fundamentadas basicamente em: (i) as empresas não financeiras listadas no IBOVESPA estão utilizando as taxas de depreciação recomendadas pela SRF, normalmente menores que as taxas apuradas por meio da revisão da vida útil como forma de obter melhorias nos indicadores contábeis. (ii) as empresas não financeiras listadas no IBOVESPA estão utilizando as taxas de depreciação após a avaliação da revisão da vida útil do ativo como forma de obter melhorias nos indicadores contábeis. Nesta pesquisa utilizou-se estudo empírico quantitativo e qualitativo no qual se utilizou modelos de regressão univariada para estimar as acumulações discricionárias, que são a proxy do valor discrecionariamente alterado nos resultados contábeis. O resultado da pesquisa indicou que as empresas não financeiras listadas no IBOVESPA estão utilizando as taxa de depreciação diferente do que é recomendado pela SRF, normalmente menores que as taxas da SRF como forma de obter melhoria nos indicadores contábeis, deflagrando assim gerenciamento de resultados com base nas acumulações discricionárias. Quando analisada as empresas que adotaram a taxa de depreciação igual a sugerida pela SRF, verificou-se que os indicadores financeiros destas empresas não foram superiores em relação as empresas adotaram a revisão da vida útil com taxas diferentes da SRF. Portanto existem indícios de que estas empresas não estariam gerenciando resultados

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-02-10T12:19:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adalene Olivia Silvestre_.pdf: 590609 bytes, checksum: 188661a0ac02964a45900cec5e4c0062 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T12:19:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adalene Olivia Silvestre_.pdf: 590609 bytes, checksum: 188661a0ac02964a45900cec5e4c0062 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / A auditoria independente exerce um importante papel na relação entre a empresa e os usuários externos à entidade, devendo o auditor ser independente em relação à empresa auditada. No Brasil, o rodízio obrigatório de firma de auditoria é regulamentado pela Instrução CVM 308/99 na tentativa de contribuir com a manutenção da independência do auditor e, consequentemente, com a qualidade dos lucros divulgados pelas empresas. Diante disto, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o efeito do rodízio da firma de auditoria sobre a qualidade dos lucros das empresas de capital aberto brasileiras listadas na BM&FBOVESPA no período de 2008 a 2015. Como medida de qualidade dos lucros foram utilizados os accruals residuais, que identificam a parcela discricionária dos accruals, medida inversa à qualidade dos lucros. Os accruals residuais foram abordados a partir de duas diferentes perspectivas: o gerenciamento de resultados, medido pelos modelos de Jones (1991) e Jones Modificado por Dechow, Sloan e Sweeney (1995) e os erros de estimativas, medidos pelos modelos de Dechow e Dichev (2002) e Dechow e Dichev modificado por McNichols (2002). Os resultados demonstram que o rodízio de firma de auditoria reduz o volume de accruals residuais e, assim, aumenta a qualidade dos lucros, quando esses são mensurados a partir da perspectiva do gerenciamento de resultados, através dos modelos de Jones e Jones modificado. Entretanto, o efeito do rodízio de firma de auditoria sobre a qualidade dos lucros não é observado quando os accruals residuais são mensurados a partir da perspectiva dos erros de estimativas contábeis, através dos modelos de Dechow e Dichev e McNichols. Por outro lado, os resultados demonstram que as empresas que realizam rodízio voluntário de firma de auditoria apresentam maiores accruals residuais e, consequentemente, menor qualidade dos lucros. / Independent audit plays an important role in the relationship between the company and external users, and the auditor must be independent of the audited company. In Brazil, the mandatory audit firm rotation is regulated by CVM Instruction 308/99, in an attempt to contribute to the maintenance of auditor independence and, consequently, with the quality of earnings disclosed by the companies. Therefore, the present study has the objective of analyzing the effect of the audit firm rotation on the earnings quality of Brazilian public companies listed on BM&FBOVESPA in the period from 2008 to 2015. Residuals accruals were used as a measure of earnings quality, which identify a discretionary portion of the accruals, inverse measure of earnings quality. The residuals accruals were approached from two different perspectives: earnings management, measured by Jones model (1991) and Jones modified by Dechow, Sloan and Sweeney model (1995) and the estimation errors, measured by the Dechow and Dichev model (2002) and Dechow and Dichev modified by McNichols model (2002). The results show that audit firm rotation reduced the volume of residuals accruals and, thus, increases the earnings quality, when these are measured from the perspective of earnings management through the Jones and Jones modified models. However, the effect of audit firm rotation on the earnings quality is not observed when the residuals accruals are measured from the perspective of accounting estimation errors, through the Dechow and Dichev and McNichols models. On the other hand, the results demonstrate that the companies that perform the voluntary audit firm rotation have greater residuals accruals and, consequently, lower earnings quality.

本研究旨在觀察國內上市公司因經營不善、財務困難而遭管制機構處以降類、變更交易方式或終止上市之處分前，是否進行盈餘管理。由於遭降類等處分後，不僅其公司經理人有遭撤換的可能，更使公司形象、信譽受損，故本研究由實是性會計理論的觀念推衍，並參考相關的法令規定，推論經營不善之上市公司，其管理當局會有強烈的動機進行盈餘操縱，以避免遭降類等之噩運。 　　本研究利用可裁決性應計項目(discretionary accruals)在降類等事件日前後的尺度是否具顯著性差異，來偵測財務困難公司是否在降類等處分前利用可裁決性應計項目進行盈餘操縱。本研究總樣本共64家，涵蓋14種產業，其中降類公司樣本25家，變更交易方式公司樣本26家，下市公司樣本13家。樣本期間為民國66年至83年，每個樣本財務資料涵蓋7個年度。經過實證分析後獲致下列結果： 　　1. 股票遭降類公司，降類前的可裁決性應計項目有大於降類後之現象，其中尤以降類前一年度最為顯著。 　　2. 股票遭變更為全額交割公司，變更前的可裁決性應計項目有大於變更後的現象，其中尤以變更前一年度最為顯著。 　　3. 股票遭下市公司，其下市前的可裁決性應計項目與下市後的差異並不顯著。 　　綜合上述實驗結果，本研究可獲以下結論： 　　1. 第一類股票上市公司因經營不佳而遭變更為第二類股前有利用可裁決性應計項目進行盈餘管理之情形，尤以降類前一年度最為明顯。 　　2. 上市公司因財務困難而遭變更為全額交割股前，有利用可裁決性應計項目進行盈餘管理之情形，尤以變更前一年度最為明顯。 　　3. 公司下市前利用可裁決性應計項目進行盈餘管理的情形並不顯著。究其原因，可能係由全額交割股至下市這一過程乃一不算短的時間，由於應計項目具有迴轉的特性，或因公司財務結構、獲利能力的日趨惡化，使盈餘操縱的空間愈小，使公司已無能力於下市前進行盈餘操縱。

Ce travail de recherche vise à identifier, d'une part le comportement comptable des dirigeants de la société initiatrice d'une opération de fusion acquisition et d'autre part les déterminants de ce comportement comptable. Les contributions de cette thèse sont d'ordre théorique, méthodologique et managérial. Sur le plan théorique, cette thèse permet de compléter les travaux antérieurs s'inscrivant dans le cadre des prolongements de la théorie politico contractuelle dans un contexte spécifique à savoir les fusions-acquisitions. Outre la détection de la gestion des résultats, ce travail s'intéresse à l'étude de ses déterminants notamment les déterminants contextuels qui sont rarement testés. Sur le plan méthodologique, cette recherche présente un double intérêt. Premièrement, elle commence par une étude du cas clinique, Sagem-Snecma, pour tester l'existence de la gestion de résultat dans ce contexte particulier, puis la généraliser sur l'échantillon d'entreprises françaises sur la période 2001-2007. Deuxièmement, cette thèse, utilise un modèle de mesure de gestion des résultats, qui n'a pas été utilisé dans le contexte du fusion-absorption (modèle du Dechow et al (2003)) et le compare avec le modèle de Jones modifié. Sur le plan managérial, cette recherche permet aux utilisateurs de l'information comptable lors d'une opération de fusion-acquisition de mieux interpréter les états financiers des sociétés participantes à l'opération. Elle peut contribuer aussi à faire avancer les réflexions des normalisateurs quant aux dispositions réglementant ces opérations en révélant l'ampleur des choix comptables. / This research aims to identify the accounting behaviour of managers of acquiring firms, on the one hand and the determinantes of that accounting behaviour on the other hand. The contributions of this research are theoretical, methodological and managerial. Theoretically, this research permits the completion of anterior tasks involved in the framework extensions of the political theory of contract in a specific context namely mergers and acquisitions. In addition to detection of earnings management, this research focuses on the study of the determinants of performance management including contextual determinants that are rarely tested. Methodologically, this research presents a double interest. First, it begins with a clinical case, Sagem -Snecma, to test the existence of earning management in this specific context and then generalize about the entire sample of French firms over the period 2001-2007. Second, it uses a recent measurement model of earning management, which has not been used in the context of the merger and acquisition, (model of Dechow et al (2003)) then it compares it with modified Jones model. At last, this research allows users of accounting information during a merger or acquisition to interpret better the financial statements of companies participating in the operation of mergers and acquisitions It may also help advance thinking about the normalizers provisions regulating these operations by revealing the extent of accounting choices.