Yes / Purpose – While it is essential to further research the growing diversity in western metropolitan cities, little is currently known about how the members of various ethnic communities acculturate to multicultural societies. The purpose of this paper is to explore immigrants’ cosmopolitanism and acculturation strategies through an analysis of the food consumption behaviour of ethnic consumers in multicultural London. Design/methodology/approach – The study was set within the socio-cultural context of London. A number of qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews, observation and photographs were used to assess consumers’ acculturation strategies in a multicultural environment and how that is influenced by consumer cosmopolitanism. Findings – Ethnic consumers’ food consumption behaviour reflects their acculturation strategies, which can be classified into four groups: rebellion, rarefaction, resonance and refrainment. This classification demonstrates ethnic consumers’ multi-directional acculturation strategies, which are also determined by their level of cosmopolitanism. Research limitations/implications – The taxonomy presented in this paper advances current acculturation scholarship by suggesting a multi-directional model for acculturation strategies as opposed to the existing uni-directional and bi-directional perspectives and explicates the role of consumer cosmopolitanism in consumer acculturation. The paper did not engage host communities and there is hence a need for future research on how and to what extent host communities are acculturated to the multicultural environment. Practical implications – The findings have direct implications for the choice of standardisation vs adaptation as a marketing strategy within multicultural cities. Whilst the rebellion group are more likely to respond to standardisation, increasing adaptation of goods and service can ideally target members of the resistance and resonance groups and more fusion products should be exclusively earmarked for the resonance group.

Yes / Social media has emerged as a significant and effective means of assisting and endorsing activities and communications among peers, consumers and organizations that outdo the restrictions of time and space. While the previous studies acknowledge the role of agents of culture change, it largely remains silent on the role of social media in influencing acculturation outcomes and consumption choices. This study uses self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 514 Turkish-Dutch respondents and examines how their use of social media affects their acculturation and consumption choices. This research makes a significant contribution to consumer acculturation research by showing that social media is a vital means of culture change and a driver of acculturation strategies and consumption choices. This study is the first to investigate the role of social media as an agent of culture change in terms of how it impacts acculturation and consumption. The paper discusses implications for theory development and for practice.

The negative impacts of mass shootings on mental health have been documented within the general trauma literature. Substantial research has also shown the Asian population to be a minority group especially vulnerable to negative psychological outcomes following trauma and stress. Acculturation has been studied extensively as a predictor of psychological outcomes in several minority groups. Furthermore, parental overprotection has also been found to have a negative impact on mental health. The relationship between acculturation and parental overprotection and psychological outcomes following mass shootings in the Asian population, however, has not been studied adequately. The purpose of this study was to examine exposure, acculturation, and parental overprotection as predictors of negative mental health outcomes, and as moderators of the relationship between exposure to trauma and negative outcomes. Results indicate that overprotection predicted higher levels of both posttraumatic stress and anxiety-mood symptoms. Exposure predicted posttraumatic stress but not anxiety-mood symptoms. Acculturation was not found to significantly predict either outcome. Overprotection was found to moderate the relationship between exposure and anxiety-mood symptoms. Implications of these findings are discussed. / Master of Science

The current project used data from the Health & Retirement Study (HRS) 2016 wave and assesses the relationship between everyday racial/ethnic discrimination and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The role of acculturation and social support on this relationship was also considered. The sample size consisted of 3,994 non-Hispanic White, 1,140 non-Hispanic Black, and 842 Hispanic older adults. The results suggest that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals endorse higher perceived everyday racial/ethnic discrimination (p < .001) in comparison to non-Hispanic White individuals. Additionally, non-Hispanic Black adults have higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings (p < .001) than non-Hispanic White and Hispanic adults. Support for the direct and moderating role of certain aspects of social support and acculturation on health outcomes/behaviors related to cardiovascular disease risk among non-Hispanic Black (R2 = .07, F(15, 415) = 2.06, p= .011) and Hispanic (R2 = .30, F(5, 34) = 2.97, p = .025) older adults, respectively, were found. The limitations and clinical implications of the study are further discussed.

Hispanic American Catholics are a growing immigrant population in the United States, with Hispanic cultures and Catholicism woven together in unique ways. This situation presents a window through which can be examined the dynamic between individualism and religiosity. Four logistic regression models were estimated utilizing data from the Pew Research Center 2013 Survey of U.S. Latinos, in order to investigate the correlates of Hispanic American Catholic support for women in the Catholic priesthood. Religious individualism (self-determination) was measured in two dimensions, while cultural individualism (acculturation) was measured in one dimension. The first three regression models test three hypotheses related to religious and cultural individualism, while the fourth model factors in all of the variables used. Findings generally supported the saliency of religious individualism over against the hierarchal dogma of the Catholic Church, but not the saliency of cultural individualism. However, findings also exposed the complexities inherent in both Catholic religiosity and acculturation among Hispanic American Catholics.

There is an extensive amount of research on career development, but most of the constructs studied have focused on content-oriented variables rather than process-oriented variables. While some of the studies have examined samples from ethnic minority populations, the majority of studies use ethnic minority populations as comparison groups, studying between-group differences as opposed to within-group differences. The literature is especially deficient in the are of Latino career development. The current study will examine how family and culture influence the career development of Latino emerging adults. This study will explore the influence of socioeconomic status and acculturation on the career salience and career maturity of Latino emerging adults. The quality of the parent-emerging adult relationship will also be explored for its influence on career development outcomes in this population. One hundred fifty Latino undergraduate students ages 18-24 will be recruited for participation in this study. The participants will complete questionnaires regarding demographic information, acculturation, the quality of the parent-emerging adult relationship, career salience, and career maturity.

Cette thèse a pour objectif général de comprendre les stratégies d'acculturation des pères immigrants et leurs influences sur l'engagement de ces derniers et le développement socioaffectif de leurs enfants. Il s'agit plus spécifiquement de : décrire les stratégies d'acculturation des pères immigrants et explorer les liens entre ces stratégies et le contexte de l'immigration ; préciser la relation entre les stratégies d'acculturation et différentes modalités de l'engagement des pères immigrants ; tester la relation indirecte entre les stratégies d'acculturation des pères immigrants et le développement socio-affectif de l'enfant à travers l'engagement paternel en contexte migratoire. Le bien-être de la famille et de l'enfant en particulier occupe une place importante dans nos sociétés. Les facteurs et les évènements susceptibles d'agir sur la construction et la dynamique familiale constituent aujourd'hui des préoccupations pour le monde de la recherche. Pendant longtemps, la relation mère-enfant et le rôle de la mère dans le développement précoce de l'enfant ont fait l'objet d'études et de constats. L'attachement de l'enfant à la mère se présentait dès lors comme une logique et une norme, alors que la contribution du père s'avérait minime ou se révélait bien plus tard. Cependant, de plus en plus de travaux sont menés sur l'implication et la place du père dans l'évolution du jeune enfant. Ceux-ci montrent, en effet, l'influence positive d'une participation précoce et assidue du père sur le bon épanouissement de l'enfant. En plus donc de la mère, le père constitue un acteur majeur du développement de l'enfant lorsqu'il est présent dans la vie de ce dernier. Toutefois, les recherches qui ont mis en lumière l'importance de l'implication ou de l'engagement paternel ont très peu porté sur les pères en situation d'immigration. Pourtant celle-ci est capable d'agir sur la relation père-enfant. À travers donc un devis de recherche quantitatif, nous avons interrogé des pères, mais aussi des mères (notamment pour le développement de l'enfant) issus de l'immigration. Nous avons également recueilli des informations sur le développement socio-affectif de leurs enfants. Cent quarante-cinq personnes (86 pères et 45 mères) ont rempli différents questionnaires. Ces personnes proviennent en majorité de l'Afrique subsaharienne (80 %), puis de l'Afrique du Nord et de l'Amérique latine. Elles vivent au Québec depuis, en moyenne, 6 ans, occupent un emploi pour la plupart avec un revenu familial annuel supérieur ou égal à 40 000 $. Les analyses faites par la suite portent essentiellement sur les pères et les enfants. Les résultats indiquent que les pères immigrants de notre échantillon obtiennent des moyennes élevées aussi bien dans l'orientation vers leur culture d'origine que celle vers la société québécoise au niveau des attitudes d'acculturation. Le constat général qui émane donc est que les pères immigrants concilient bien les valeurs de leur pays d'origine et celles de la société d'accueil québécoise. Les analyses montrent également que les pères utilisent différentes stratégies d'acculturation (assimilation, intégration, marginalisation, séparation) et que celles-ci changent en fonction de certaines variables de contexte et d'immigration (âge des pères, situation d'emploi, revenu familial et statut d'immigration). Par ailleurs, les stratégies d'acculturation (attitudes et profils d'acculturation) qui, du reste, ne demeurent pas statiques agissent sur l'engagement paternel. Ainsi, les pères qui s'orientent vers la culture québécoise ou qui présentent un profil d'intégration ou d'assimilation sont plus engagés auprès de leurs enfants. Enfin, des analyses de médiation par équations structurelles montrent qu'au-delà de cet engagement, les stratégies d'acculturation du père influencent le développement socioaffectif de l'enfant. Ces actions s'opèrent de deux manières. D'une part, les attitudes et les profils d'acculturation du père agissent directement sur le développement socio-affectif de l'enfant. Dans cette situation, quand le père s'oriente vers la culture québécoise, l'enfant manifeste moins d'anxiété et d'agressivité alors que l'orientation du père vers sa culture d'origine provoque de l'anxiété chez ce dernier. En effet, dans les circonstances où le père rencontre des difficultés et a du mal à accepter les valeurs de la société d'accueil, il peut vivre du stress et de l'anxiété qu'il transmet, d'une façon ou d'une autre, à son enfant. D'autre part, les stratégies d'acculturation interviennent de façon indirecte sur le développement socio-affectif de l'enfant. Cette observation est surtout vérifiée pour la compétence sociale. Les différentes analyses indiquent que dans la mesure où le père s'oriente vers la culture québécoise ou présente un profil d'intégration, il est engagé et son enfant s'épanouit sur le plan de la compétence sociale. L'engagement paternel agit, dans ces circonstances, comme un médiateur dans la relation entre les stratégies d'acculturation et le développement socio-affectif de l'enfant, particulièrement la formation de sa compétence sociale. Ces résultats sont discutés à la lumière des recherches sur l'immigration, l'engagement paternel, le développement socio-affectif et les besoins de l'enfant. Les apports et les limites de cette étude ainsi que les pistes pour de futurs travaux sont également abordés. / The overall goal of this thesis is to understand immigrant fathers' acculturation strategies and their influences on their engagement and their children's social-emotional development. Specifically, it aims to: describe the acculturation strategies of immigrant fathers and explore the links between these strategies and the immigration context; clarify the relationship between acculturation strategies and different modalities of immigrant fathers' involvement; test the indirect relationship between immigrant fathers' acculturation strategies and the child's social-emotional development through paternal engagement in the context of migration. The well-being of the family and of the child in particular occupies an important place in our societies. Factors and events that may affect construction and family dynamics are now concerns for the research community. For a long time, the mother-child relationship and the role of the mother in the early development of the child have been the subject of studies and observations. The child's attachment to the mother was then presented as a logic and a norm, while the father's contribution was minimal or revealed much later. However, more studies on the engagement and place of the father in the development of the young child are seeing the day. These studies reveal the positive influence of an early and assiduous participation of the father on the development of the child. Therefore, in addition to the mother, the father is a major attachment figure for the child when he is present in the child's life. However, research that has highlighted the importance of paternal engagement or commitment has had very little interest in fathers in immigration situation. Yet, this engagement can influence the father-child relationship. Through a quantitative research design, we interviewed fathers, but also mothers (especially for the development of the child) from immigrant backgrounds. We also collected information on the socio-emotional development of their children. In total, one hundred and forty-five people (86 fathers and 45 mothers) completed various questionnaires. Most of participants come from sub-Saharan Africa (80%), followed by North Africa and Latin America. They have been living in Quebec for an average of 6 years, most of them are employed and have an annual family income of $40,000 or more. The analyses that follow focus on fathers and children. Our findings indicate that immigrant fathers in our sample have high averages both in their orientation towards their culture of origin and in their orientation towards Quebec society in terms of acculturation attitudes. Per our findings, immigrant fathers reconcile the values of their country of origin well with those of the Quebec host society. The analyses also show that fathers use different acculturation strategies (i.e. assimilation, integration, marginalization, separation), and that these strategies change depending on certain context and immigration variables (e.g. fathers' age, employment status, family income and immigration status). Moreover, acculturation strategies (attitudes and acculturation profiles) which do not remain static have an impact on paternal engagement. Thus, fathers who are oriented towards Quebec culture or who have a profile of integration or assimilation are more engaged with their children. Finally, structural equation modeling analyses show that beyond this commitment, the acculturation strategies of the father influence the socio-emotional development of the child. These actions take place in two ways. On the one hand, the attitudes and acculturation profiles of the father directly affect the socioemotional development of the child. In this situation, when the father orients himself towards Quebec culture, the child shows less anxiety and aggression while the father's orientation towards his culture of origin causes anxiety in the latter. In fact, in circumstances where the father encounters difficulties and has difficulty accepting the values of the host society, he may experience stress and anxiety that he transmits, in one way or another, to his child. On the other hand, acculturation strategies are indirectly involved in the child's socioemotional development. This observation is mostly verified for social competence. The various analyses indicate that to the extent that the father is oriented towards Quebec culture or has an integration profile, he is engaged and his child flourishes in terms of social acquisitions. In these circumstances, paternal commitment acts as a mediator in the relationship between acculturation strategies and the socio-emotional development of the child, especially the formation of his social skills. These findings are discussed in light of previous research on immigration, paternal engagement, socio-emotional development and the needs of the child. The contributions and limitations of this study as well as the avenues for future work are also discussed.

Depuis les années soixante, plusieurs cohortes d’immigrants haïtiens, sont venues enrichir l’effectif de la population du Canada. Aujourd’hui, cette communauté dont plus de 90 % ont choisi le Québec est estimée à 130 000 individus toutes générations confondues. Les indicateurs sociodémographiques permettent de dresser le portrait d’une communauté plus jeune que la moyenne québécoise, où les familles monoparentales sont nombreuses et où le chômage est près de deux fois plus élevé que dans l’ensemble de la société. Les recherches antérieures font état de liens très forts des membres de la communauté avec leur pays d’origine. Elles rapportent également les multiples appartenances que revendiquent les jeunes Québécois d’origine haïtienne. On peut supposer que ces constats ont un effet sur les dynamiques familiales et qu’ils sont appréhendés différemment par les parents et par les adolescents. Pourtant, peu d’études s’intéressent simultanément à ces deux groupes de la population. Cette thèse souhaite pallier ce manque. Le cadre théorique utilisé (la niche de développement auquel est intégré le concept de stratégies identitaires) permet d’envisager à la fois le vécu des parents et celui des adolescents et d’explorer les interactions entre eux. Le recrutement par famille constitue une autre originalité de la présente étude. Des entrevues semi-directives ont été effectuées dans onze familles soit un total de vingt-quatre participants (douze parents et douze adolescents). Les analyses ont permis de comprendre l’influence des caractéristiques de l’environnement, notamment la perception des Haïtiens au Québec, sur les ethnothéories des parents. Les fonctions identitaires des appartenances affirmées par les jeunes selon les enjeux présents dans l’environnement social ont également été analysées. Plusieurs ressemblances entre parents et adolescents se dégagent au sein des familles, laissant comprendre l’influence mutuelle en jeu. En matière de perspective, des recherches supplémentaires devraient être effectuées auprès d’autres types de familles que celles concernées dans la présente recherche. Pour ce qui a trait à l’intervention, plusieurs pistes de dialogues entre d’une part les parents et les adolescents et d’autre part les familles et les institutions ont pu être dégagés. / Since the sixties, several cohorts of Haitian immigrants have arrived and enriched the population of Canada. Today, this community is estimated at 130,000 individuals with over 90% choosing to live in Quebec build a portrait of a community younger than the Quebec average, with many single parent families, and where unemployment is almost twice as high than the society as a whole. Previous researchers report very strong bonds between the community members and the country of origin. Young Quebecers of Haitian origin claim multiple affiliations. Presumably, these findings have an effect on family dynamics and are apprehended differently by parents and by adolescents. Yet few studies focus simultaneously on these two groups. This thesis aim to make up for this lack. The theoretical framework used (the developmental niche where the concept of identity strategies is integrated) allows to consider both the experience of parents and teenagers and to explore the interactions between them. The recruitment of families instead of individuals is another originality of this research. Semi-directive interviews were conducted in eleven families for a total of twenty-four participants (twelve parents and twelve adolescents). The analysis allowed understanding the influence of the characteristics of the environment, especially the perception of Haitians in Quebec, in parents’ ethnotheories. Identity functions of memberships affirmed by youth regarding issues in the social environment were also analyzed. Several similarities between parents and adolescents emerge within families, which speaks of the mutual influence that take place in the families. In terms of perspective, further research should be conducted with other family types than those involved in this research. Many dialogue tracks that could be useful for intervention appeared between parents and adolescents, and between families and Quebec health and social institutions. / Soti nan lane 1960 yo konsa pou rive jounen jodi a, gen anpil Ayisyen ki imigre nan peyi Canada. 90 % ladan yo (130 000 konsa) chwazi tabli kò yo nan pwovens Québec. Dapre chif ofisyèl yo, kominote imigran ayisyen an gen plis jèn moun ladan l pase nan lòt kominote ki fòme popilasyon Québec la. Pifò nan jèn ayisyen sa yo, se avèk yon sèl paran y ap leve lakay yo. Epitou, ta sanble gen de fwa plis chomaj nan kominote ayisyen an pase nan tout rès popilasyon Quebec la. Rechèch ki fèt deja moutre ke moun nan kominote ayisyen an kenbe kontak sere ak peyi orijin yo. Rechèch yo montre tou ke jèn ki nan kominote sa a deklare plizyè idantite. Nou kwè fenomèn sa yo gen yon efè sou kalite relasyon ki gen anndan fanmi an e ke granmoun ak timoun yo pa wè yo menm jan. Poutan, pa gen anpil etid ki enterese nan de gwoup sa yo an menm tan. Se pou konble mank sa a sa nou ekri tèz sila a. Kad teyorik nou itilize a (nich devlopman kote nou entegre konsèp strateji idantitè) pèmet nou gade an menm tan ni sa paran yo ap viv, ni sa timoun yo ap viv, epitou jan yo boule youn ak lòt. Lòt bagay ki fè etid sa a orijinal, sè ke paran ak timoun ki patisipe ladan l yo soti nan menm fanmi. Nou fè antrevi semidirektif nan 11 fanmi, pou yon total 24 patisipan (12 paran ak 12 timoun). Analiz yo pèmèt nou konprann kijan sa k ap pase nan sosyete kote y ap viv la, espesyalman jan yo wè Ayisyen nan Quebec, gen enfliyans sou etnoteyori paran yo. Etid la eseye konprann tou kisa chak apatenans timoun yo deklare regle pou idantite yo dapre pwoblèm yo jwenn nan sosyete a. Nou jwenn anpil resanblans ant paran ak timoun yo, e sa fè nou konprann ke youn gen enfliyans sou lòt. Pou ale pi lwen nan etid la, fòk nou ta poze menm kesyon sa a yo sou lòt kalite fanmi mete sou sa ki enterese nou yo nan rechèch sa a. Sou aspè entèvansyon an, tèz la pwopoze anpil bon jan lide sou fason pou paran yo dyaloge ak jèn yo epi sou fason enstistisyon nan peyi Quebec yo entèraji ak fanmi imigran ayisyen yo.

Acculturation is a phenomenon which results when groups of individuals with different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact with each other, with subsequent changes in the original culture patterns of either or both groups. What an individual does when he or she comes into contact with a second culture is assumed to have an effect on his or her sense of emotional well-being. It has been hypothesized that how one copes with that contact will affect such socio-emotional factors such as self-esteem, social adjustment and academic performance and mental health. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that the strategies an individual uses to cope with second culture contact will have an effect on that individual's academic or job performance, sense of social competence, and psychological well-being. From the available literature, various models are used in acculturation studies, namely the Unidimensional model, Bidimensional model and Interactive Acculturation Model. It is from the latter models that three groups of variables were addressed in this study: at the group level, acculturation context variables include characteristics of the society of settlement (work) and characteristics of the society of origin, at the individual level, acculturation conditions include characteristics or factors that act as moderators prior to acculturation and during acculturation and acculturation outcomes refers to the consequences of the frequent contact between people from different cultural backgrounds in terms of how well they function (do) and feel. The general objective of this research is to analyse the acculturation process and to determine the impact of acculturation context and individual variables on acculturation outcomes of members of the SAPS. A cross-sectional survey design was used. A random sample (n = 153) was taken of members of the SAPS in the Pretora Arca. Instruments used in previous acculturation research were adapted to measure Mainstream Domain, Ethnocultural Domain, Individual variable and Socio Cultural Acculturation Outcomes. The results indicated that acculturation context and individual coping styles of members of the SAPS did impact on acculturation outcomes variables explaining 29% and 35% of the variance in physical and psychological (ill) health respectively and 26% and 33% of the variance in perceived (work success) effectiveness and efficiency at work and perceived status and recognition that you receive at work (for being successful) respectively. Although 14% and 13% of the variance in perceived commitment from the organisation to its employees and perceived commitment of the individual to its organisation, only one of the models used in the hierurchicul regressions were found to be statistically significant, with none of the predictors being statistically significant contributors. Limitation for the present study and recommendations for the organisation and future research are also provided. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Un océan, deux îles, un peuple, une culture... Un isolât rude mais autosuffisant qui n'avait que peu de contacts avec les habitants des autres îles issus des mêmes ancêtres Austronésiens. Les Polynésiens de Wallis et Futuna se retrouvent brusquement confrontés à l'altérité religieuse, civilisatrice et guerrière des européens. Dans l'arsenal de ces nouveaux arrivants dans le Pacifique sud, outre le sabre et le goupillon, en plus du commerce et de l'administration républicaine, s'implantent une nouvelle éducation au travers de l'école et de nouvelles pratiques sportives. Sur une durée de moins de 150 ans, des pans entiers de la culture originelle ont été mis à mal ou ont irrémédiablement disparu. Toutefois cette acculturation rapide dans cet espace éloigné et difficile d'accès n'a pas été totale et des traces persistent. Des syncrétismes ont eu le temps de se mettre en place, les mémoires ne se sont pas complètement effacées et une reculturation est en marche. Entre histoire, géographie humaine et anthropologie sociale, ce travail fait état des altérations successives qui ont conduit à l'évolution des pratiques physiques. Par-delà nous tenterons de comprendre les mécanismes intimes de la transformation et de la renaissance possible d'une culture. / An ocean, two islands, one people, one culture ... A rough and secluded but self-sufficient place with very few contacts with other islands and similar peoples from the same ancestors. The Polynesians of Wallis and Futuna find themselves abruptly confronted to the religious, civilizing and warlike otherness of the Europeans. In the arsenal of these new arrivals in the South Pacific, in addition to swords and brushes, in addition to trade and republican administration, a new kind of education is implanted through schooling and new sporting practices. Over a period of less than 150 years, entire facets of the original culture were altered or simply disappeared. However, this rapid acculturation in this remote and difficult-to-access place has not been total and traces persist. Syncretisms have had time to develop, the memories have not been completely erased and a reculturation is ongoing. Between history, human geography and social anthropology, this work attempts to report the successive alterations that led to the evolution of physical activities. Beyond that, we will try to understand the intimate mechanisms of the transformation and of the possible rebirth of a culture.