Based on theoretical reasoning and empirical evidence, the present study examined the unique and shared effects of attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and acculturation on attitudes toward seeking professional help among Latino college students. The research participants included 149 bilingual Latino college students from a large, public southwestern university. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that attachment avoidance was positively associated with both the recognition of need for psychological help and stigma of seeking professional help. Acculturation to American society was found to be statistically insignificant in predicting help-seeking attitudes in this sample of the population. Findings from exploratory questions suggested that Latino individuals would most likely seek help from parents, close friends, and then professionals. This study suggested that Latino individuals with high attachment avoidance acknowledge the potential benefit of professional help-seeking but distrust the process of approaching others for help. Limitations, implications, and future research directions will be discussed.

The aim of this research is to investigate cultural conflicts in Northern Sotho dramas. At the beginning of the work, reasons for the choice of the topic are given, and thereafter, the methodology to be adopted in analysing the plays is outlined. Various factors considered to be contributory to the acculturation of traditional Africans are discussed. Throughout this study, traditionalists oppose westernised Africans because of strange norms and practices they have adopted. The two parties disagree on issues like arranged marriage, remarriage and leadership. Christianity features prominently as the basic cause of conflict. Modernists oppose traditional practices on the ground that they are not in conformity with Christian principles. The plays are compared to determine how each playwright has attempted to resolve conflicts in his respective play. The study ends with a comment on findings where traditionalism, being a common enemy in the three plays, is overridden by modernity. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

The current study examined the effects of acculturative processes on the self-report of behavioral problems in Hispanic children ages 11-14. Acculturation was measured by the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II (ARSMA-II) (ã Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, www.sagepub.com) (Cuellar, Arnold, and Maldonado, 1995) and the self-report of behavioral symptoms was assessed using the Youth Self-Report (ã T.M. Achenbach, Burlington, VT, www.aseba.com) (Achenbach, 1991). It was hypothesized that while both the linear and orthogonal categories of acculturation would account for a significant proportion of the variance in behavior problems in this age group, the orthogonal model would account for a larger proportion of variance due to its multidimensional nature. As well, it was hypothesized that the experimental Marginalization scales of the ARSMA-II would be predictive of behavioral problems. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to test these hypotheses and results were non-significant for the linear, orthogonal, and marginalization categories. The effects of the ethnic/cultural homogeneity of the region from which the sample was drawn, the buffering of social support, and the developmental aspects of ethnic identity are discussed as factors which may have influenced the potential impact of acculturative stress on psychological and behavioral functioning.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

La question relative à la propriété de la terre, de son usage et de son transfert entre les Indiens du sud de la Nouvelle Angleterre et les colons puritains venus s’installer parmi eux a non seulement été le sujet d’un bon nombre d’études et a toujours été un sujet de forte controverse. Cependant rares sont les études qui ont tenté de remettre en question ou de revoir la thèse qui décrète que les Indiens ont été dépossédés de leur terre par les colons anglais. C’est pourquoi il nous a paru intéressant d’aller au-delà de cette perspective traditionnelle de dépossession. Dans ce sens, l’objet de cette thèse est de démontrer que ce transfert de terre pourrait être considéré comme une transaction foncière réglementaire donnant suite à un échange équitable entre deux parties mutuellement consentantes. Nous visons à présenter une image différente de l’Indien de celle de la victime de la colonisation puritaine qui le présente comme un Indien passif, soumis et à qui on inflige une condition.Pour ce faire, nous nous baserons sur l’analyse des actes de vente de terres intervenus entre les tribus indiennes du sud de la Nouvelle Angleterre et les colons anglais, et ce dans la période comprise entre 1620 et 1676. Notre analyse de ces documents se fera selon une perspective ethno-historique. / The question of land property, use and transfer between the Indians of southern New England and the Puritans who settled among them has been the subject of a large literature and has always been a highly controversial issue. Giving the fact that this issue has always been referred to as a dispossession, we thought it interesting to go beyond this traditional perspective. Indeed, we propose to show that this movement of land transfer can be considered as a legal and just land transaction and that it was equitable to both parties. We also aim at presenting another image of the Indian; an image different from the one depicting him as a submitted Indian and a victim of colonial invasion and cultural assault. Our study is based on an ethnohistorical analysis of the land deeds that took place between the Indians and the English colonists in southern New England between 1620 and 1676.

S’inspirant de l’expérience récente de la migration indienne aux Etats-Unis, la fiction de Jhumpa Lahiri se demande si tant la nation que l’individu sont en mesure de revoir les termes mêmes de leur identité. Jhumpa Lahiri met l’accent sur l’adaptation à l’étranger en tant que processus de longue haleine. Car le changement ne prend pas, dans ce contexte, l’aspect d’une transformation subite ; il s’agit davantage d’une lente négociation entre une tradition surdéterminante et un futur sous-défini. Le meilleur éclairage que l’on puisse apporter à cette littérature de la diaspora, qui gagne en consistance et en légitimité avec l’avènement de la mondialisation, est offert par les outils de la critique postcoloniale. Bien qu’elle soit issue d’un contexte politique, cette école de pensée trouve sa pertinence dans la façon qu’elle a de poser les problèmes afférant à la possibilité de surmonter un passé conflictuel. Comment accepter l’étranger en soi ? Que faire de cette culture qui n’offre pas d’autre choix que celui de la capitulation ? Dans quelle mesure peut-on imaginer une identité où les conflits nés de valeurs contradictoires seraient ramenés à leur plus simple expression ? Notre essai consiste à découvrir de quelle manière le déplacement dû à l’exil induit une série de stratégies de préservation et de transformations identitaires. En dernier ressort, nous nous interrogerons sur les retombées de la conception lahirienne de l’identité, puisque cette romancière semble considérer que les racines et les traditions ne sont que d’une toute relative utilité lorsque l’on se trouve en terre étrangère. / Drawing its inspiration from the experience of Indian migrants to the United States, Jhumpa Lahiri’s fiction questions the nation as well as the individual’s abilities to accept reconfiguring their own terms. Jhumpa Lahiri’s works emphasize the day-to-day process of adaptation to foreignness. For change is not a matter of sudden transformation in this particular context; it is rather a slow negotiation between an over-determining tradition and an under-defined future. This literature of diaspora, which is gaining strength and legitimacy in today’s global era, is best understood by applying postcolonial critique tools to its study. Though derived from a political context, this school of thought is pertinent in the ways it questions the possibilities of overcoming a conflicting past. How to accept the alien in ourselves? How to deal with the culture that offers no other way than capitulation? To what extent an identity that is most devoid of conflicts between foreign values can be imagined? Our endeavor consists in uncovering how the dis-placement due to exile triggers of a variety of self-preservative or self-transformative strategies. Finally, we are most concerned with the outcome of Jhumpa Lahiri’s conception of identity, since she seems to suggest that roots and traditions are of little use in a foreign land.

Objectives: To describe the co-occurrence of substance use and sexual activity behaviors among Afro-Caribbean adolescents living in South Florida, with attention to legal status, socio-demographic factors and risk-taking attitudes and behaviors. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to select 106 Afro-Caribbean adolescents from community centers in South Florida. A descriptive exploratory study was conducted. Data was analyzed using an independent t test, frequencies and crosstabs. Results: The study consists of 106 adolescents, 75% (n = 79) documented and 25% (n = 27) undocumented. Forty-one documented and 10 undocumented adolescents were sexually active. Of those, 14.6% of the documented and 40% of the undocumented adolescents had been drinking alcohol while engaging in sexual activity; 7.3% of documented and 30% of undocumented adolescents used drugs while engaging in sexual activity. Undocumented adolescents had less adult presence before and after school; Creole was spoken at home more than English, and none of the parents had gone to or graduated from college. There was no significant difference in risk-taking and social adaptation scores as measured by the Adolescent Risk-Taking Instrument (ARTI) for the documented and undocumented Afro-Caribbean adolescents. The ARTI had acceptable internal consistency reliability for the risk-taking (.87) and social adaption (.82) scale in this population. The mean score of risk behavior was 2.04 (SD = .44) for documented Afro-Caribbean adolescents and 1.89 (SD = .47) for undocumented adolescents. For social adaptation, mean scores were 3.23 (SD = .45) for documented and 3.20 (SD = .35) for undocumented adolescents. The co-occurrence of substance use and sexual activity is nearly triple for alcohol use and more than triple for drug use when comparing undocumented to documented adolescents. / However, scores on the ARTI did not differ.Socio-demographic factors related to risky behaviors suggest that the undocumented adolescents were more at risk. Health risk of undocumented adolescents demands more research attention if nurses wish to address the unique needs of this population. / by Kim Jolly. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Durant les deux derniers siècles avant notre ère, des objets de type italique, c’est-à-dire caractérisant la culture matérielle de l’Italie tardo-républicaine apparaissent progressivement en Gaule. L’identification de ces objets du quotidien et leur analyse typologique et contextuelle permettent une approche renouvelée du phénomène de romanisation de la Gaule. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en exergue les modalités chronologiques, spatiales et culturelles de la diffusion de ce type de mobilier. La confrontation des résultats avec les données issues des études céramologiques et architecturales permet de brosser un tableau affiné du processus d’acculturation. La nature des sites, ainsi que la diversité des types d’objets considérés permettent de souligner la variété des comportements des populations locales face à la réception de ces mobiliers exogènes. Que ce soit dans le commerce ou en intégrant l’armée romaine, les élites locales ont joué un rôle majeur au sein des interactions avec l’Italie, de la diffusion de ces objets et de l’intégration des nouveaux modèles italiques. / For the last two centuries before our era, italic type objects, which means objects that are characterizing the material culture of Tardo-republican Italia, are progressively appearing in Gaul. The identification of these everyday objects and their typological and contextual analysis allow a renewed approach of the Gaul romanization phenomenon. The objective of this thesis is to highlight, the chronological, spatial and cultural modalities of the diffusion of such furniture. The comparison of the results with the data provided by the ceramological and architectural studies allows to improve the description of the acculturation process. The behavioral diversity towards the reception of exogenous furniture is underlined by the nature of the sites and the diversity of the considered objects. Local elites, whether by participating in commercial exchanges or by joining the army, have played a major role in the interactions with Italia, from the diffusion of these objects to the integration of the new italic models.

La Première Guerre mondiale est une période de développement sportif intense qui marque une rupture dans l’histoire culturelle et sportive de la France. La rencontre sur le front Ouest des soldats alliés, porteurs d’une culture sportive moderne, avec la population civile et militaire française, majoritairement éduquée par les méthodes de gymnastique conscriptive, provoque en effet une acculturation sportive qui participe à la modernisation du modèle culturel et sportif français. A travers l’étude du football et à l’aide d’un cadre d’analyse anthropo-historique, l’objet de notre travail doctoral est d’étudier l’impact de l’interpénétration de groupes de cultures différentes dans la transformation du « sport en guerre ». A la suite d’un état des lieux du mouvement sportif français avant-contact, sept études rendent compte du résultats des contacts primaires, symboliques et de l’en-groupe sur l’acculturation sportive des français, à savoir : a) l’analyse de la construction d’un creuset interculturel et sportif dans la France en guerre, b) de la diffusion du football chez les Poilus, c) du développement du football dans les villes de garnisons britanniques, d) de la légitimation et de la médiatisation du football en guerre, e) du renforcement de la dimension internationale du football, f) de la construction de la masculinité sportive en guerre et g) de la ruralisation du football dans la zone des armées. Les résultats ont été obtenus par la consultation de sources très diverses. Les archives militaires britanniques et françaises, complétées par plusieurs carnets personnels de soldats et des historiques régimentaires, constituent le socle de notre étude. Toutefois, suivant le cadre théorique emprunté et pour obtenir des informations plus précises sur le football en guerre, nous avons aussi procédé à la consultation de la presse sportive nationale, de la presse locale de la zone des armées et de la presse de tranchées. Enfin, les fonds d’archives audio-visuels des armées britanniques et françaises ont été consultés afin de donner de la chair à nos propos et vérifier, à travers les photos, les vidéos et les archives sonores, l’engouement sportif de la France en guerre. Pour conclure, notre travail doctoral consacre le football comme un construit de la culture de la Grande Guerre mais également comme le grand vainqueur sportif de la guerre 1914-1918 / During the First World War, France knew an intense development of sport who marked a turning point in French sport and cultural history. Indeed, on the Western front, the interpenetration between Allied soldiers, who had a modern sporting culture, and the French civilians and soldiers, educated by patriotic gymnastic, elicited a sporting acculturation and a modernization of the French cultural and sporting model. Through the study of football and using an anthropo-historic analysis framework, this doctoral work focused on the effects of the interpenetration of different cultural groups in the transformation of “sport in war”. After describing the French sporting trend before contact, seven studies showed the results of primary, symbolic and in-group contacts on the French sporting acculturation. We analysed a) the construction of an intercultural and sporting melting pot during war in France, b) the dissemination of football within the Poilus, c) the development of football in British garrison towns, d) the legitimatization and mediatization of football during the war, e) the reinforcement of international dimensions of French football, f) the construction of sporting masculinity during the war, and g) the ruralisation of football in army zones. A wide-range of sources were consulted to obtain the current results. The British and French military archives, several personal notebooks of soldiers, and regimental registers were the basis of our study. Moreover, the national sporting press, the local press of army zones and the press of the trenches were consulted to follow the theoretical framework and to obtain additional information about football during the war. Finally, audio, photo and video recordings of British and French armies were analysed to support our comments and attest the French passion for sport during the war. To conclude, this doctoral thesis defined football as a feature of the culture of the Great War, and the sporting winner of the First World War

Parmi les grands secteurs de fabrication de vaisselle du monde romain, Lezoux constitue le principal centre de production céramique aux IIe et IIIe s. ap. J.-C. en Gaule, et influence d’autres ateliers, principalement situés dans le bassin de Clermont, la Grande Limagne et la basse vallée de l’Allier. Ce sont surtout les productions de table à pâtes fines de ces ateliers, habituellement qualifiées de « céramiques fines », qui sont les mieux connues. Les productions de transport, de stockage, de préparation et de cuisson des aliments, à pâtes généralement plus grossières, sont quant à elles qualifiées de « céramiques communes » et ont moins suscité l’attention des chercheurs. Dans ce travail de recherches, l’accent a d’abord été mis sur l’antagonisme « céramiques fines » / « céramiques communes », sur ses différentes acceptions et sur son emploi par les chercheurs. Les recherches ont ensuite traité des vases à pâtes grossières et semi-fines généralement destinés au transport, à la resserre et à la cuisine. L’objectif était de les traiter dans une perspective technologique (façonnage, finition et cuisson des vases), culturelle (origine/acculturation, fonction et usage des vases) et économique (organisation de la production et diffusion des vases). L’étude de ces productions ne pouvait s’entendre sans celle, conjointe, des vases à pâtes fines qui leur sont presque toujours associées et souvent fabriquées dans les mêmes ateliers. En outre, l’artisanat céramique du Haut-Empire et ses productions standardisées ne pouvaient être abordés sans connaître au préalable ses antécédents du Ier s. av. J.-C. Pour ces raisons, ces recherches se sont également consacrées aux céramiques des ateliers du val d’Allier de la fin de l’époque républicaine et du début de l’Empire, qui présentent des pâtes semi-fines à fines et que l’on retrouve d’abord sur les tables arvernes (coupes, assiettes, pichets...), mais aussi dans la resserre ou pour le transport des denrées (amphorettes, grandes cruches...). / During the second and third centuries AD, Lezoux becomes the main production centre among the well known Gaulish pottery workshops of the Roman Empire, and influences other pottery producing centres mainly located in the Clermont-Ferrand basin, in the Grande Limagne and the lower Allier valley. Gaulish fine ware manufactured in these workshops, and especially the tableware, represents the best known and most studied production of Roman Gaul. Ceramics in coarse ware used for carrying and storing goods and for preparing and cooking meals are generally called “common ceramics” and have drawn much less attention of researchers. In this thesis work, emphasis was first placed on the antagonism “fine ware” / “coarse ware”, on its different meanings and on its uses by researchers. The research then dealt with jars in coarse and semi-fine wares which were mainly intended for transport, storage and cooking. The main goal was to treat them in a technological perspective (shape, finishes and firing of wares), cultural perspective (origin/acculturation, function and uses of wares) and economic perspective (production organisation and distribution). The study of this type of production must of course be combined with that of the fine ware which is almost always produced in the same workshops. Furthermore, the manufacture of pottery and its standardised productions couldn’t be treated without taking into consideration its precursors of the first century BC. Due to the facts mentioned so far, this research has also focused on ceramics from the Allier valley workshops of the end of the Roman Republic period and of the beginning of the Imperial era, which present semi-fine and fine wares found first on the Arvern tables (cups, plates, pitchers…), but also in the cellars or used for carrying goods (small amphoras, big jugs…).