Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-12-12T13:41:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Alisson_Disssertação_Final_2015.pdf: 4745802 bytes, checksum: 6e96787b9b69ca08b2dfe6e99ae18b3f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T13:41:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Alisson_Disssertação_Final_2015.pdf: 4745802 bytes, checksum: 6e96787b9b69ca08b2dfe6e99ae18b3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-13 / CAPES / FACEPE / CNPQ / Morus alba L. (amoreira branca) é uma planta utilizada em todo o mundo no tratamento de diversas enfermidades, incluindo distúrbios inflamatórios. Essa planta tem origem asiática, mas demonstrou boa adaptação ao solo brasileiro. Diante da expansão do uso medicinal de M. alba, inclusive comercialmente, o presente trabalho teve por objetivos construir um painel de toxicidade para extrato etanólico das folhas dessa planta e determinar seu potencial como agente antimicrobiano e anti-inflamatório. O extrato foi analisado quanto à composição química por cromatografia em camada delgada. As análises toxicológicas realizadas foram: ensaio de letalidade para o microcrustáceo Artemia salina (concentrações: 100–1000 μg/mL); ensaio de toxicidade aguda por via oral para camundongos (doses: 300 e 2000 mg/kg); determinação da genotoxicidade in vivo para camundongos através do teste do micronúcleo (doses: 75, 150 e 300 mg/kg v.o.); e ensaios de citotoxicidade para as células tumorais humanas NCI-H292, HEp-2, HT-29, MCF-7 e HL-60 (concentração: 50 μg/mL). Na avaliação do potencial anti-inflamatório, foi utilizado o modelo de inflamação aguda induzida por carragenina em bolsão de ar (doses: 75, 150 e 300 mg/kg v.o.). A ação anti-inflamatória foi avaliada através da quantificação do número de leucócitos nos exsudatos coletados dos bolsões. Atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada contra bactérias e fungos de importância médica. A análise fitoquímica revelou a presença de cumarinas, flavonoides, taninos e triterpenos no extrato, o qual não promoveu mortalidade dos náuplios de A. salina. No teste de toxicidade aguda, não houve mortalidade nem alterações comportamentais nos camundongos tratados com o extrato durante 14 dias. Contudo, a análise de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos revelou que os animais que receberam a dose mais alta apresentaram valores significativamente (p < 0,05) menores de volume corpuscular médio eritrocitário (VCM) e concentração média de hemoglobina corpuscular (CMHC), bem como atividade aumentada de fosfatase alcalina no plasma. Nos tratamentos com o extrato a 300 e 2000 mg/kg, houve redução no número de leucócitos, com diminuição da percentagem de linfócitos e aumento na proporção de células segmentadas. Análise histopatológica dos órgãos dos animais tratados com o extrato a 2000 mg/kg revelou turgidez dos túbulos contorcidos renais, presença de infiltrado leucocitário ao redor da veia centrilobular hepática e elevada dispersão da polpa branca esplênica. Avaliação do potencial genotóxico in vivo revelou que o extrato não causou aumento na frequência de micronúcleos, em comparação com o controle negativo. O extrato também não demonstrou citotoxicidade para as linhagens celulares testadas. Com base nos resultados obtidos nos testes de toxicidade, o potencial anti-inflamatório do extrato foi avaliado utilizando doses menores e igual a 300 mg/kg. Foi verificada redução do número de leucócitos nos grupos tratados com 75 (56,8%), 150 (62,9%) e 300 (65,6%) mg/kg, em comparação com o grupo controle. A dose de 300 mg/kg mostrou efeito de inibição similar ao observado no grupo padrão, que recebeu indometacina a 10 mg/kg, i.p (64,7%). Por fim, o extrato apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis e Aspergillus flavus. Em conclusão, o extrato etanólico de folhas de M. alba apresentou potencial anti-inflamatório e antimicrobiano, não sendo letal nem apresentando efeito genotóxico para camundongos quando ingerido na dose de 300 mg/kg. Contudo, a utilização do extrato na dose de 2000 mg/kg deve ser evitada, devido às alterações bioquímicas, hematológicas e histopatológicas detectadas no ensaio de toxicidade aguda. / Morus alba L. (white mulberry) is a plant used around the world for treatment of several infirmities, including inflammatory disorders. This plant is originated from Asia but showed good adaptation to Brazilian soil. In view of the expansion of the medicinal use of M. alba, including commercially, the present work aimed to build a toxicity panel for an ethanolic extract from leaves of this plant and to determine its potential as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. The extract was analyzed for chemical composition through thin layer chromatography. The toxicological analyses performed were: lethality assay with the microcrustacean Artemia salina (concentrations: 100–1000 μg/mL); acute oral toxicity assay to mice (doses: 300 and 2000 mg/kg); determination of in vivo genotoxicity to mice by micronucleus test (doses: 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg per os); and cytotoxicity assays to the human tumor cells NCI-H292, HEp-2, HT-29, MCF-7 and HL-60 (concentration: 50 μg/mL). In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential, it was used the model of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan in air pouch (doses: 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg per os). The anti-inflammatory action was evaluated by the quantification of the number of leukocytes in exudates collected from the pouches. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against bacteria and fungi of medical importance. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenes in the extract, which did not promote mortality of A. salina nauplii. In the acute oral toxicity assay, there was no mortality or behavioral alterations in mice treated with the extract during 14 days. However, the analysis of hematologic and biochemical parameters revealed that animals that received the highest dose showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower values of mean erythrocyte corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHC) as well as increased activity of alkaline phosphatase in plasma. In the treatments with the extract at 300 and 2000 mg/kg, there was reduction in the number of leukocytes, with decrease of lymphocyte percentage and increase in the proportion of segmented cells. Histopathological analysis of the organs from animals treated with the extract at 2000 mg/kg revealed turgidity of renal contorted tubules, presence of leukocyte infiltration around the hepatic centrilobular vein and high dispersion of the spleen white pulp. Evaluation of the in vivo genotoxic potential revealed that the extract did not cause increase in the frequency of micronuclei, in comparison with negative control. The extract also did not show cytotoxicity to the cell lines tested. Based on the results obtained in the toxicity assays, the anti-inflammatory potential of the extract was evaluated using doses lower and equal to 300 mg/kg. It was verified a reduction in the number of leukocytes in the groups treated with the extract at 75 (56.8%), 150 (62.9%) and 300 (65.6%) mg/kg, in comparison with control group. The dose of 300 mg/kg showed inhibitory effect similar to that observed in the standard group, which received indometacin 10 mg/kg, i.p (64.7%). Finally, the extract showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus flavus. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract from M. alba leaves showed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potential, being not lethal and showing no genotoxic effect when ingested by mice at the dose of 300 mg/kg. However, the use of the extract at 2000 mg/kg should be avoided, due to the biochemical, hematological and histopathological alterations detected in the acute toxicity assay.

Neutrophils are critical for acute inflammatory responses initiated by infection or tissue injury. Multiple inflammatory genes and signaling pathways are activated rapidly to regulate neutrophil functions. Ikaros is a critical transcription factor involved in the regulation of myeloid cells differentiation. Transcription analysis of the hematopoietic cells in the absence of Ikaros indicates differences in expression of genes encoding signaling factors. However, the impact of Ikaros on signaling mechanisms in myeloid cells during inflammation remains to be defined. The aim of this study was to define whether the lack of Ikaros expression could perturb signaling and thereby, neutrophil function/response during inflammation. We studied purified neutrophils from the bone marrow of WT and Ikaros+/- mice. We found that the expression level of Ikaros is important and governs neutrophil apoptosis, NETosis, myeloperoxidase activity and ROS production in response to bacterial DNA. We also performed in vivo experiments using a mouse model of severe pneumonia. We show that partial deletion of Ikaros (Ikaros+/- mice) is associated with impaired elimination of bacteria. To define how the crippled expression of Ikaros could affect signaling in neutrophils, we performed a high-throughput microarray to identify variations in protein kinase activity. The microarray data suggest that multiple signaling pathways, including the P38 MAPK pathway, could be affected by Ikaros. Accordingly, we employed selective kinase inhibitors to further define the importance of these kinases in neutrophil function. Finally, our results indicate the critical role of Ikaros in the regulation of Toll Like Receptor 4 and 9 as well as the cytosolic DNA sensor IFI204 in neutrophils. This study provides novel information on the role of Ikaros in the regulation of neutrophil functions and a rational basis for the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting Ikaros for the treatment of patients with infections, and sepsis in particular. / Les neutrophiles sont essentiels pour les réponses inflammatoires aiguës initiées par une infection ou une lésion tissulaire. De multiples gènes inflammatoires et des signaux sont activés rapidement pour réguler les fonctions des neutrophiles. Ikaros est un facteur de transcription critique impliqué dans la régulation de la différenciation des cellules myéloïdes. L'analyse de transcription des cellules hématopoïétiques en l'absence d'Ikaros indique des différences dans l'expression des gènes des facteurs de signalisation. Cependant, l'impact d'Ikaros sur les mécanismes de signalisation dans les cellules myéloïdes pendant l'inflammation reste à définir. Le but de cette étude était de définir si le manque d'expression d'Ikaros pouvait perturber la signalisation et ainsi la fonction / réponse des neutrophiles pendant l'inflammation. Nous avons utilisé les neutrophiles purifiés de la moelle osseuse des souris WT et Ikaros +/-. Nous avons trouvé que le niveau d'expression d'Ikaros est un facteur important pour contrôler l'apoptose des neutrophiles, la NETosis, l'activité de la myéloperoxydase et la production d’espèces d'oxygène réactives en réponse à l'ADN bactérien. Nous avons également fait des expériences in vivo en utilisant un modèle murin de pneumonie. Nous avons trouvé que la suppression partielle d'Ikaros (souris Ikaros +/-) est associée à l'élimination réduite des bactéries. Pour expliquer comment l'expression plus faible d'Ikaros pourrait affecter la signalisation dans les neutrophiles, nous avons fait une analyse ‘’ high-throughput microarray ‘’ pour identifier les variations de l'activité de la protéine kinase. Les données de microarray suggèrent que plusieurs signaux, comme le P38 MAPK, sont affectées par Ikaros. En conséquence, nous avons utilisé des inhibiteurs sélectifs des kinases pour mieux définir l'importance de ces kinases dans la fonction des neutrophiles. De plus les résultats présentés indiquent l’importance du facteur Ikaros pour la régulation de l’expression des ‘Toll Like Receptor’ 4 et 9, ainsi que du senseur d’ADN cytoplasmique IFI204 dans les neutrophiles. Cette étude présente de nouvelles informations sur le rôle d'Ikaros dans la régulation des fonctions des neutrophiles et une base rationnelle pour le développement de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques ciblant Ikaros pour le traitement des patients avec d'infections et de septicémie en particulier.

Background: Prior studies show that sickness induces anxiety as rated by subjective reports but have not linked this to overt behavior in humans. This study investigates the expression of distress during experimental sickness, its relation to self-reported anxiety, and the moderating role of gender in the association between overt distress and self-rated anxiety. Methods: 21 participants (18-34 yrs, 10 women) were semi-randomly chosen from a placebo-controlled, double-blind, within-subject experiment, in which participants were intravenously injected with a bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.8 ng/kg body weight) triggering a transient inflammatory reaction and an acute state of sickness. In the current study, we coded the participants’ expression of moans, sighs and deep breaths (overt distress) during sickness from the video recordings of the experiment and analyzed these parameters in relation to the state part of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1979) that was collected during the experiment. Results: The frequency of overt distress increased strongly during experimental sickness (1-3h post-injection of LPS) compared to baseline. The level of overt distress was not related to subjective feelings of anxiety. No clear difference was found between men and women in the frequency of expressed distress during sickness. Interestingly however, there was an inverted relation between anxiety and the expression of distress in women, so that women who reported higher anxiety expressed less distress overtly (ß = -0.52, p = 0.018). Conclusions: Experimental sickness strongly induces an increase of moans, sighs and deep breaths, but these are not directly associated with the level of state anxiety reported. The results also suggest that moans, sighs and deep breaths might have a different function in men and women.

Tendinopatias são distúrbios comuns com uma variedade de tratamentos e terapias e a Laserterapia aparece como uma alternativa no tratamento destas doenças. Nós investigamos os efeitos da irradiação laser no modelo de tendinite induzida por colagenase, em tendões calcâneo de ratos, verificando sua ação em importantes marcadores inflamatórios. Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos machos (Wistar) divididos em grupos: Salina e tendinite tratados com Diclofenado de Sódio ou Laser (1J, 3J ou 6J). A tendinite foi induzida por colagenase (100<font face=\"Symbol\">mg/tendão) sobre o tendão calcâneo que foi removido para análises. Foi verificado a expressão de COX-1, 2, TNF-a, TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b, IL-10, MMP-3, 9 e 13 (RT-PCR), a produção de PGE2 (ELISA) e a expressão de NT, COX-2 e NK-1 (Western Blotting). Resultados e discussão: A laserterapia (810nm, 100mW, 3 J), utilizada no tratamento da tendinite induzida por colagenase em tendão calcâneo de ratos, foi eficaz na redução de importantes marcadores inflamatórios, tornando-se uma ferramenta promissora para o tratamento de lesões tendíneas. / Tendinopathy is a common disease with a variety of treatments and therapies. Laser therapy appears as a alternative treatment. We research the effects of the laser irradiation in tendinitis model induced by collagenase injection on Achilles tendon rats, verified its action in important inflammatory markers. Methods: The male rats (Wistar) were used and divided in groups: Saline and tendinitis, treated with Sodium diclofenac or Laser (1J, 3J or 6J). The tendinitis was induced by collagenase (100<font face=\"Symbol\">mg/tendon) on the Achilles tendon which was removed for analyzes. The genic expression for COX-1, 2; TNF-a, TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b; IL-10; MMP-3, 9, 13 (RT-PCR); PGE2 production (ELISA kits) and NT, COX-2, NK-1 expression (Western Blotting) was measured. Results and discussion: The Laser therapy (810nm, 100mW, 3 J) used in the treatment of the tendinitis induced by collagenase in Achilles tendon in rats, was effective in the reduction of important inflammatory markers, becoming a promising tool for the treatment of tendon diseases.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-25T17:26:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AhirlanCastro.pdf: 821881 bytes, checksum: 3392f8d9400d159c99f7053ff6c00bd6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T17:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AhirlanCastro.pdf: 821881 bytes, checksum: 3392f8d9400d159c99f7053ff6c00bd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / Inflammation comprises a biological mechanism of the body's defense in response to injury by exogenous or endogenous agents and aims to restore homeostasis. Morus nigra L., commonly known as black mulberry tree is traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological potential of the hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Morus nigra leaves and the likely mechanisms of action in models of inflammation in vivo and in vitro involving neutrophils and mediators of the inflammatory process. Therefore, the dried leaves were sprayed and soaked in 70% ethanol to obtain the hydroalcoholic extract (EHA). EHA was subjected to partitioning with hexane (FH), chloroform (FC) and ethyl acetate (FAE). Quantification of phenolic and total flavonoid compounds showed higher levels of these secondary metabolites in the EHA and FAE. Analysis by HPLC-UV showed the presence of chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin and kaempferol in EHA and FAE of Morus nigra. In the acute toxicology studies, treatment of male and female rats with EHA (2000 mg / kg, o.v.) in a single dose produced no death, nor change in consciousness, motor and autonomic and central nervous system; body weight and organs; consumption of water and food; haematological and biochemical parameters; when compared to the control group. EHA and FAE of Morus nigra presented antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the paw edema induced by carrageenan. EHA and FAE decreased migration of leukocytes and neutrophils for subcutaneous air pouch inflammatory stimulation by carrageenan, inhibiting TNF-α production and MPO. EHA and FAE also promoted decreased migration of leukocytes and neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity of rats stimulated with LPS, decreasing the production of NO, TNF- α, IL-1β and IL-8. Further, the EHA and FAE of Morus nigra decreased neutrophils chemotaxis in Boyden chamber assay modified front of chemotactic agents fMLP and IL-8. Together the data presented demonstrate that the EHA and FAE of Morus nigra had significant anti-inflammatory activity and can thus be used to treat inflammatory processes. / A inflamação compreende um mecanismo biológico de defesa do organismo em resposta a lesão por agentes exógenos ou endógenos e tem por finalidade restaurar a homeostase do organismo. Morus nigra L., popularmente conhecida por amoreira negra, é tradicionalmente utilizada no tratamento de doenças inflamatórias. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial farmacológico do extrato hidroalcoólico e fração acetato de etila das folhas de Morus nigra e os prováveis mecanismos de ação em modelos de inflamação in vivo e in vitro envolvendo neutrófilos e mediadores do processo inflamatório. Para tanto, as folhas secas foram pulverizadas e maceradas em etanol a 70%, para obtenção do extrato hidroalcoólico (EHA). O EHA foi submetido ao particionamento com hexano (FH), clorofórmio (FC) e acetato de etila (FAE). A quantificação de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides totais demonstraram níveis maiores destes metabólitos secundários no EHA e FAE. A análise por HPLC-UV demonstrou a presença de ácido clorogênico, rutina, quercetina e canferol no EHA e FAE de Morus nigra. No estudo toxicológico agudo, o tratamento de ratos machos e fêmeas com o EHA (2000 mg/kg, v.o.) em dose única, não produziu morte nem alterações no estado de consciência, motoras e do sistema nervoso central e autônomo; de peso corporal e de órgãos; consumo de água e ração; de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos; quando comparados ao grupo controle. O EHA e FAE de Morus nigra apresentaram atividade antiedematogênica e anti-inflamatória através da redução do edema de pata de rato induzido por carragenina. O EHA e FAE diminuíram a migração de leucócitos e neutrófilos para bolsa de ar subcutânea com estimulação inflamatória por carragenina, inibindo a produção de TNF-α e mieloperoxidase. O EHA e FAE também promoveram a diminuição da migração de leucócitos e neutrófilos para a cavidade peritoneal de ratos estimulados com LPS, diminuindo a produção de óxido nítrico, TNF-α, IL-1β e IL-8. Ainda, o EHA e FAE de Morus nigra diminuíram a quimiotaxia de neutrófilos em ensaio de câmara de Boyden modificado frente aos agentes quimiotáticos fMLP e IL-8. Em conjunto, os dados apresentados demonstram que o EHA e FAE de Morus nigra apresentaram atividade antiinflamatória importante, podendo desta forma serem utilizados no tratamento de processos inflamatórios.

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-05T12:23:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1922103 bytes, checksum: a207d4c95bf749dd37ae0eb1728c7e80 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T12:23:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1922103 bytes, checksum: a207d4c95bf749dd37ae0eb1728c7e80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Inflammation is an immune response that aims to establish a tissue homeostasis during an infection or injury. Recognized as a beneficial process, an inflammation can become harmful when in excess. Thus, therapeutic therapies that are applied to the resolution of the inflammation are studied and developed, with natural products and their derivatives playing a prominent role in the discoveries of new anti-inflammatory molecules. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory potential of milonine, a Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl alkaloid, in vivo, against the release of mediators by using the murine model of acute inflammation and pain. Swiss mice pretreated with milonine were submitted to protocols of: paw edema induced by LPS, prostaglandin (PGE2), bradykinin (BK) and serotonin (5-HT) to evaluate the anti-edematogenic activity of the alkaloid; microvascular permeability induced by acetic acid to obtain a total protein concentration and histological analysis of the peritoneum; the models of carrageenan-induced peritonitis to evaluate the effect of milonine on the migration of the total and differential cells; and the formalin test to evaluate its nociceptive activity. The results show that milonine was capable of significantly reduce (p<0.001) the formation of the paw edema induced by LPS, PGE2, BK, however it was not capable to reduce the edema induced by 5-HT; significantly reduced (p<0.05) the extravazation of liquid to the peritoneum induced by acetic acid, maintaining its morphology preserved. The alkaloid was also able to inhibit (p<0.01) the migration of the total leukocytes to the peritoneal cavity during the carrageenan-induced inflammation, decreasing the number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) without changing mononuclear cells (MNs). In the formalin test, the paw licking time of the animals was inhibited (p<0.01) only in the second phase through the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration, corroborating the inhibition of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, this study demonstrates that milonine has an antiinflammatory and analgesic activity due to the inhibition of the action of mediators essential for the start of the inflammatory process. / O processo inflamatório é uma resposta benéfica do organismo frente a uma lesão ou infecção, visando a eliminação da injúria inicial, bem como as consequências dessa injúria. Entretanto, a inflamação, em resposta exagerada, pode ser prejudicial. Dessa forma, se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos com propriedades anti-inflamatória e analgésica, sendo utilizado como estratégia terapêutica a busca por moléculas oriundas de produtos naturais que possuam tais propriedades. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o potencial anti-inflamatório da milonina, alcaloide de Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl frente à liberação de mediadores inflamatórios utilizando o modelo murino de inflamação aguda e dor. Camundongos Swiss pré-tratados com milonina foram submetidos aos protocolos de: edema de pata induzido por LPS, prostaglandina (PGE2), bradicinina (BK) e serotonina (5-HT) para avaliar a atividade antiedematogênica do alcaloide; permeabilidade microvascular induzida por ácido acético para obter a concentração de proteínas totais e análise histológica do peritônio; os modelos de peritonite induzida por carragenina para avaliar o efeito da milonina sobre a migração de células totais e diferenciais; e o teste da formalina para avaliar a sua atividade nociceptiva. Os resultados demonstraram que a milonina foi capaz de reduzir significativamente (p<0,001) a formação do edema de pata induzido por LPS, PGE2, BK, porém não foi capaz de reduzir o edema induzido pela 5-HT; diminuiu significativamente (p<0,05) o extravasamento de líquido para o peritônio induzido por ácido acético, mantendo a sua morfologia preservada. O alcaloide também foi capaz de inibir (p<0,01) a migração de leucócitos totais para a cavidade peritoneal durante a inflamação induzida por carragenina, diminuindo o número de células polimorfonucleares (PMN) sem alterar células mononucleares (MNs). No teste da formalina, o tempo de lambida da pata dos animais foi inibida (p<0,01) por milonina apenas na segunda fase quando administrada por via intraperitoneal (i.p.). Portanto, este estudo demonstrou que a milonina possui atividade anti-inflamatória e analgésica por inibir a ação de mediadores essenciais para o início do processo inflamatório.

Tendinopatias são distúrbios comuns com uma variedade de tratamentos e terapias e a Laserterapia aparece como uma alternativa no tratamento destas doenças. Nós investigamos os efeitos da irradiação laser no modelo de tendinite induzida por colagenase, em tendões calcâneo de ratos, verificando sua ação em importantes marcadores inflamatórios. Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos machos (Wistar) divididos em grupos: Salina e tendinite tratados com Diclofenado de Sódio ou Laser (1J, 3J ou 6J). A tendinite foi induzida por colagenase (100<font face=\"Symbol\">mg/tendão) sobre o tendão calcâneo que foi removido para análises. Foi verificado a expressão de COX-1, 2, TNF-a, TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b, IL-10, MMP-3, 9 e 13 (RT-PCR), a produção de PGE2 (ELISA) e a expressão de NT, COX-2 e NK-1 (Western Blotting). Resultados e discussão: A laserterapia (810nm, 100mW, 3 J), utilizada no tratamento da tendinite induzida por colagenase em tendão calcâneo de ratos, foi eficaz na redução de importantes marcadores inflamatórios, tornando-se uma ferramenta promissora para o tratamento de lesões tendíneas. / Tendinopathy is a common disease with a variety of treatments and therapies. Laser therapy appears as a alternative treatment. We research the effects of the laser irradiation in tendinitis model induced by collagenase injection on Achilles tendon rats, verified its action in important inflammatory markers. Methods: The male rats (Wistar) were used and divided in groups: Saline and tendinitis, treated with Sodium diclofenac or Laser (1J, 3J or 6J). The tendinitis was induced by collagenase (100<font face=\"Symbol\">mg/tendon) on the Achilles tendon which was removed for analyzes. The genic expression for COX-1, 2; TNF-a, TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b; IL-10; MMP-3, 9, 13 (RT-PCR); PGE2 production (ELISA kits) and NT, COX-2, NK-1 expression (Western Blotting) was measured. Results and discussion: The Laser therapy (810nm, 100mW, 3 J) used in the treatment of the tendinitis induced by collagenase in Achilles tendon in rats, was effective in the reduction of important inflammatory markers, becoming a promising tool for the treatment of tendon diseases.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-03T12:21:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandrebittencourtpigozzo.pdf: 866787 bytes, checksum: c6792b0cf7e2393b912ea7c1c8fdae2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-06T20:06:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandrebittencourtpigozzo.pdf: 866787 bytes, checksum: c6792b0cf7e2393b912ea7c1c8fdae2c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T20:06:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandrebittencourtpigozzo.pdf: 866787 bytes, checksum: c6792b0cf7e2393b912ea7c1c8fdae2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O sistema imunológico humano (SIH) é composto por uma rede complexa de células, tecidos e órgãos especializados em defender o organismo contra doenças. Para atingir tal objetivo, o SIH identifica e extermina uma ampla gama de agentes patogênicos externos, como vírus e bactérias, além de células do próprio organismo que podem estar se comportando de forma anormal, e que poderiam dar origem a tumores, caso não fossem eliminadas. O SIH é ainda responsável pelo processo de eliminação de células mortas e renovação de algumas estruturas do organismo. A compreensão do SIH é, portanto, essencial. Entretanto a sua complexidade e a interação entre seus muitos componentes, nos mais diversos níveis, torna a tarefa extremamente complexa. Alguns de seus aspectos, no entanto, podem ser melhor compreendidos se modelados computacionalmente, permitindo a pesquisadores da área realizar um grande volume de experimentos e testar um grande número de hipóteses em um curto período de tempo. A longo prazo, pode-se vislumbrar um quadro onde todo o SIH poderá ser simulado, permitindo aos cientistas desenvolverem e testarem vacinas e medicamentos contra várias doenças, bem como contra a rejeição de órgãos e tecidos transplantados, diminuindo o uso de animais experimentais. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho visa implementar e simular computacionalmente um modelo matemático do SIH, sendo o objetivo principal reproduzir a dinâmica de uma resposta imune ao lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) em um pequena seção de um tecido. O modelo matemático é composto de um sistema de equações diferenciais parciais (EDPs) que incorpora a dinâmica de alguns tipos de células e moléculas do SIH durante uma resposta imune ao LPS no tecido. / The Human Immune System (HIS) consists of a complex network of cells, tissues and organs. The HIS plays an crucial role in defending the body against diseases. To achieve this goal, the immune system identifies and kills a wide range of external pathogens such as viruses and bacteria, and the body's own cells which are behaving abnormally. If these cells were not eliminated, they could give rise to tumors. The HIS is also responsible for removing dead cells and replacing some of the structures of the body. The understanding of the HIS is therefore essential. However, its complexity and the intense interaction among several components, in various levels, make this task extremely complex. Some of its aspects, however, may be better understood if a computational model is used, which allows researchers to test a large number of hypotheses in a short period of time. In the future we can envision a computer program that can simulate the entire HIS. This computer program will allow scientists to develop and test new drugs against various diseases, as well as to treat organ or tissue transplant rejection, without requiring animals experiments. In this scenario, our work aims to implement and simulate a mathematical model of the HIS. Its main objective is to reproduce the dynamics of a immune response to lipopoly-saccharides (LPS) in a microscopic section of a tissue. The mathematical model is composed of a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) that defines the dynamics of some tissues and molecules of the HIS during the immune response to the LPS.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-07-20T18:29:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Romildo Torres da Silva.pdf: 1197534 bytes, checksum: 02ae9c343d597dbbc37f2a71f43ad453 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-20T18:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romildo Torres da Silva.pdf: 1197534 bytes, checksum: 02ae9c343d597dbbc37f2a71f43ad453 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-12 / Tendinopathy is a common disease with a variety of treatments and therapies. Laser therapy appears as a alternative treatment. We research the effects of the laser irradiation in tendinitis model induced by collagenase injection on Achilles tendon rats, verified its action in important inflammatory markers. Methods: The male rats (Wistar) were used and divided in groups: Saline (C), Tendinitis (NT) and tendinitis treated with Sodium diclofenac (D) or Laser (1J) and (3J). The tendinitis was induced by collagenase (100μg/tendon) on the Achilles tendon which was removed for analyzes. The gene expression for COX-2; TNF-α; il-6 and IL-10 (RT-PCR) was measured. Results and discussion: The Laser therapy (660nm, 100mW, 3J) used in the treatment of the tendinitis induced by collagenase in Achilles tendon in rats, was effective in the reduction of important inflammatory markers, becoming a promising tool for the treatment of tendon diseases. / Tendinopatias são distúrbios comuns com uma variedade de tratamentos e terapias e a Laserterapia aparece como uma alternativa no tratamento destas doenças. Nós investigamos os efeitos da irradiação laser no modelo de tendinite induzida por colagenase, em tendões calcâneo de ratos, verificando sua ação em importantes marcadores inflamatórios. Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos machos (Wistar) divididos em grupos: Controle (C), Tendinite Não Tratado (NT), Tratamento com Diclofenado de Sódio (D) ou Laser (1J) e (3J). A tendinite foi induzida por colagenase (100μg/tendão) sobre o tendão calcâneo que foi removido para análises. Foi verificado a expressão gênica de COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 e IL-10 (RT-PCR). Resultados e discussão: A laserterapia (660nm, 100mW, 3J), utilizada no tratamento da tendinite induzida por colagenase em tendão calcâneo de ratos, foi eficaz na redução de importantes marcadores inflamatórios, tornando-se uma ferramenta promissora para o tratamento de lesões tendíneas.

La apigenina (4', 5, 7 trihidroxiflavona), flavonoide presente en distintos vegetales, tiene numerosas características saludables por las cuales elegimos un derivado hidrosoluble, la apigenina potásica, para el presente estudio.Hemos estudiado su actividad frente a la inflamación aguda, al cáncer de próstata y a los daños causados por las radiaciones, tanto ionizantes como no ionizantes (radiación UV), utilizando diversas técnicas, tanto in vitro como en modelos in vivo. Este flavonoide demostró actividad antiinflamatoria, reduciendo la inflamación hasta un 78%. Asimismo, la apigenina potásica mostró actividad quimiopreventiva frente al cáncer de próstata, al reducir la viabilidad y la migración e inducir apoptosis in vitro, y aumentar la supervivencia de animales con tumores. Además, la apigenina potásica presentó efecto geno- y citoprotector frente a la radiación ionizante (radiación &#947; y X), con un factor de protección de un 27-35 % en linfocitos humanos, y de un 50-86 % en dos líneas celulares de próstata. Por último, el flavonoide ha demostrado proteger frente al fotoenvejecimiento causado por la radiación UV, reduciendo la displasia epitelial y la elastosis dérmica, dos marcadores de cáncer cutáneo; además, ha sido posible detectar la apigenina en diversos tejidos, entre ellos el cerebro. / Apigenin (4', 5, 7 trihidroxyflavone), a flavonoid present in different plants, shows some healthy characteristics for which a water soluble derivated, potassium apigenin, was chosen for this study.It has been studied the activity of potassium apigenin against acute inflammation, prostate cancer and the effect of ionising and non-ionising (UV) radiations, using different techniques, both in vitro and in vivo models.This flavonoid showed anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting the inflammation by up to 78%. It also demonstrated chemopreventive activity against prostate cancer, by reducing the cell viability and migration, inducing apoptosis and increasing the animal survival. Moreover, potassium apigenin showed genoprotector and citoprotector effects against ionising radiation (radiation &#947; and X), with a protection factor of 27-35% in human lymphocytes and of 50-86% in two prostate cell lines. Finally, the flavonoid protected from the photoaging induced by UV radiation, diminishing epithelial dysplasia and dermal elastosis, two markers of skin cancer; furthermore, potassium apigenin was detected in some tissues, brain among them.