The objective of this paper is to analyze the export performance of Turkish manufacturing industries in the East-Asian countries between the years 1992-2002. SITC (Rev.3), three digit data were used in calculations and three methodologies were applied in order to discover promising sectors of the Turkish exports. Constant Market Share Analysis was used to explain the causes of the change in the market shares of the exports of Turkey from one period to another. Revealed comparative advantage indices were calculated to determine sectors in which Turkey had comparative advantage. Grubel-Lloyd Index was used to determine the rate of intraindustry trade. Results signal important changes in the export structure of Turkey.

科技的發展日新月異，產業變動也愈來愈激烈，而新舊技術的交替更是頻繁，企業如何創造並維持其競爭優勢，一直是各方關注的議題。 現今的企業面對產業環境與消費者喜好的高度不確定性，企業如何面對、認知，以及正確回應環境的變動，適時更新企業的競爭優勢，才能在隨時變動遊戲規格的快速競爭環境中生存。企業在過往所建構的競爭障礙，諸如稀少、無法模仿、無法替代的資源，一旦面臨大環境的變化，如果企業的組織流程、資源配置，以及發展途徑未能與時俱進，企業將在短時間內被迫退出市場。 本研究所探討的個案公司由光儲存晶片市場崛起，並以破壞式創新的商業模式快速進入手機晶片市場，一舉成為中國手機晶片市場的霸主。但是近年來智慧型手機的快速興起，動搖了個案公司原本的市場地位，導致營收與獲利績效均不若以往。 本研究以動態能力的觀點，分析個案公司在發展歷程中各個階段的資源分佈與能耐結構，同時配合產業與市場環境的變遷，描繪出個案公司的動態能力演進過程。之後亦針對個案公司近來面臨的困境，藉由動態能力的觀點，分析其原因以作為其他企業發展借鏡。

The motion picture industry is characterized by a high degree of artistic innovation that revolves around the project rather than the firm. Success is elusive and firms operate in an environment of symmetrical ignorance, that is, high levels of demand uncertainty as well as product uncertainty. This makes managing the commercial development of new products difficult. The study of the factors that drive success in new product development have been significant, however, little attention has been given to experiential and creatively driven products such as motion pictures. While a number of studies have attempted to find accurate means to predict performance in motion pictures, most of these have met with limited results, yet few, if any, have linked the knowledge gained from the study of new product development with the industry. Similarly, the impact of market orientation on firm performance and new product success has been the focus of much empirical research since the late 1980's and has been shown to be significantly associated with new product performance. Here, the marketing literature and the NPD literature converge, yet few studies have attempted to study how the same concepts might apply in motion picture production. The primary focus of this study was to explore the feasibility of the NPD and market orientation literature in the development of successful motion picture and whether or not similar application of this knowledge is tenable. As such, the study centers around two broad research issues: RESEARCH ISSUE 1: How can Australian films perform better? In other words, what are the factors that drive success in Australian motion picture production? RESEARCH ISSUE 2: What is the role of the audience in the development of successful Motion Pictures in Australia? Or in other words, do Australian filmmakers need to be "close" to their audience (market oriented) in order to attain higher levels of success. Australia has been used as a context primarily due to the accessibility of data. This represents a relatively new setting for the study of NPD and market orientation and a new industry. Therefore, an exploratory study was designed which utilized in-depth interviews with experts from three sectors of the Australian motion picture industry. This was deemed to be the best approach given the dearth of previous studies in this setting and the fact that the majority of past industry studies have been quantitative. The findings reveal some support for a significant relationship between success and new product development activities such as product advantage, market orientation, up-front homework, early product definition, cross-functional and coordinated teams, and launch. Product advantage, however, is better understood in terms of a movie's marketability and playability, that is, the perceived superiority of its attributes before and after its viewing. A market orientation is likely to be more effective in the motion picture industry when it helps a firm lead its customers rather than encourages a firm to be led by them. Finally, despite previous studies in the Australian industry, the number of scripts in development is unlikely to matter. What matters is that the scripts that are ready to move into production are evaluated fully and that full support is provided to those that make it through in order to give them the best chance for success.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-111).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:32:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilberto Zappellini.pdf: 567515 bytes, checksum: 63aa9bb544014628230a0c0bb9ca02c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work searched to show as a strategically plan stimulates a thought guided for the future based on the shared sense of mission. The cooperation enters the members of an organization is more effective when all are working inside of the same set of assumptions and with the same objectives. Designing its problems, the organization will be able to find solutions more effective and determining the pointers with certainty it saves financial resources. Observing this context, a study was developed front to raise it practices them administrative of the companies of road transport, since the definition of its vision and mission until the definition of its pointers and the elaboration of an action plan identifying the necessary tools for its implantation. Having as objective to answer the question That indicating strategically contributes for the definition of the competitive advantage of a company of road transport? In this direction, it was looked to give a contribution to the studies on strategically planning aiming at to improve the techniques of logistic system of and transport of the raw material in the organizations being created itself a referential that can serve of parameter for future studies. The objective of this research not this in only identifying the administrative strategies, the pointers of logistic and transport in the company; but as these points they can contribute with the productivity increase and integration of the administrators with I negotiate it, as well as the reduction of costs and changes in the segment. The research is characterized as a study of case of qualitative boarding, therefore it encloses a reality observed in depth, inside of a real context. Transport the Road Zappellini Load is the source of the collection of data. It had sense characteristics, involving all the workers of the organization. It analyzes it of the data of the comment and of the results of the applied instruments, it was supported in three axles: - the reflective professional in the action, the organizational commitment of the worker and the reflective professional in the action as a power element of this commitment. With bases in the results of the research, he verified himself for the present study of case, that the implantation and maintenance of the action plan, can be considered power element to reach the competitive advantage since it involves all the parts of the organization. / Este trabalho buscou mostrar como um plano estratégico estimula um pensamento orientado para o futuro baseado no senso compartilhado de missão. A cooperação entre os membros de uma organização é mais efetiva quando todos estão trabalhando dentro do mesmo conjunto de suposições e com os mesmos objetivos. Planificando seus problemas, a organização poderá encontrar soluções mais efetivas e determinando os indicadores com certeza poupará recursos financeiros. Observado este contexto, desenvolveu-se um estudo frente a levantar as práticas administrativas das empresas de transporte rodoviário, desde a definição da sua visão e missão até a definição dos seus indicadores e a elaboração de um plano de ações identificando as ferramentas necessárias para a sua implantação. Tendo como objetivo responder a pergunta Que indicadores estratégicos contribuem para a definição da vantagem competitiva de uma empresa de transportes rodoviários? Nesse sentido, procurou-se dar uma contribuição aos estudos sobre planejamento estratégico visando aprimorar as técnicas de sistemas de logística e transporte de insumos nas organizações criando-se um referencial que possa servir de parâmetro para futuros estudos. O objetivo desta pesquisa não está em somente identificar as estratégias administrativas, os indicadores de logística e transporte na empresa; mas como estes pontos podem contribuir com o aumento de produtividade e integração dos administradores com o negócio, bem como a redução de custos e mudanças no segmento. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, pois abrange uma realidade observada em profundidade, dentro de um contexto real. A Transporte de Cargas Rodoviário Zappellini é a fonte da coleta de dados. Teve características de senso, envolvendo todos os trabalhadores da organização. A análise dos dados da observação e dos resultados dos instrumentos aplicados, apoiou-se em três eixos: - o profissional reflexivo-na-ação, o comprometimento organizacional do trabalhador e o profissional reflexivo-na-ação como elemento potencializador desse comprometimento. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa, verificou-se para o presente estudo de caso, que a implantação e manutenção do plano de ações, pode ser considerado elemento potencializador para atingir a vantagem competitiva visto que envolve todas as partes da organização.

O presente trabalho elenca um rol de argumentos que apresentam a agricultura brasileira como um setor dinâmico e pujante da economia brasileira, mostrando que, muito mais do que gerar alimentos, este setor é um dos eixos de crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico, podendo contribuir muito mais para o crescimento de longo prazo da economia brasileira se ativado para este propósito. No entanto, para que se tenha um horizonte de longo prazo é necessário discutir-se a competitividade desse setor, o que é feito a partir da apresentação dos resultados de uma pesquisa de levantamento e comparação de custos de produção de Milho, Soja e Trigo, realizada entre 2008 e 2012, com a mesma metodologia, nos principais países do mundo, conhecida como Agri benchmark. Os dados mostram que o Brasil exibe alto custo de produção em relação a seus concorrentes e este estudo apresenta algumas das principais razões para essa diferença de custos, quais sejam: tributação, logística, produtividade da mão-de-obra e as diferenças entre as políticas públicas. Esta dissertação busca mensurar as Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas dos principais grãos de exportação brasileiros, com o intuito de descobrir se os altos custos de produção observados chegam a retirar a competitividade da agricultura nacional, o que se verificou somente para o caso do Trigo. / This study gives many arguments which presents Brazilian Agriculture as a dynamic and strong sector of Brazilian economy, showing that, more than the ability to supply food, this sector is one of the axis for growth and economic development. It would contribute for long term economic growth if it would be activate toward this proposal. However, for long term view is necessary to discus the competitiveness of this sector, which is made by using results of a research that compares cost of production of corn, soybean and wheat between 2008 and 2012, using the same methodology, for most producers around the world, known as Agri benchmark. The date shows that Brazil is the most expensive country in terms of cost of production in comparison with his competitors and this study also shows the main reasons, which are: taxation, logistics, workforce productivity and subsidies. This thesis measures Revealed Comparative Advantages of mains Brazilian grains produced, aiming to realize if high costs reduces agriculture competitiveness, which is observed in wheat.

The fact that we have entered turbulent times has been a central theme in the recent strategy literature. Turbulent environments are commonly described by increased competitive intensity, disruptive changes in the industry structure, volatility of demand, and unpredictability of customer behaviour, alongside instability of economic, social and political factors. In such a context, the adoption of traditional approaches to strategy, which assumes a relatively stable world, have been questioned by new approaches. Mixed strategy, which emerged as a contingency option to Porter's generic strategies model, defends that in a turbulent environment the simultaneous pursuit of the low-cost and differentiation approaches is fundamental for the short-term performance and long-term survival of the firm. A vast corpus of literature supports the benefits of adopting a mixed approach strategy: several empirical studies have proved that a combination of low-cost and differentiation strategic elements establishes a firm's performance superiority over the pure strategy choice. The mixed literature has concentrated on the performance linkage and on the debate countering the pure strategy approach, however very little attention has been paid to the challenges presented by the mixed strategy implementation. In fact, despite the rich empirical literature, it is still not clear how firms that adopt a mixed strategy may successfully integrate the inherent contradiction of the low-cost and differentiation approaches. The aim of this study is to investigate how a firm has been implementing the mixed strategy approach, unveiling its managerial characteristics and to generate a proposed managerial framework that could serve as a guide for further implementation. This study approaches the subject of mixed strategy implementation on three levels: environment, strategy definition and making process, and value chain activity. After having elucidated several ambiguities related to the concept of mixed strategy present in the literature and having proposed a normalized definition, this study investigates through a unique case study approach, an in-depth explorative process using causal process methods the managerial implication of the mixed strategy. Several characteristics are revealed from the unique case study and represent a major contribution to the field of strategy management. Furthermore, a managerial framework is proposed which could serve as support in the implementation of a mixed strategy.

[pt] Nos últimos anos, observa-se no Brasil um crescimento no número de programas de relacionamento sendo oferecidos por empresas dos mais diversos segmentos. Esses programas podem ser apresentados de diversas formas, tais como acúmulo de pontos, descontos em rede credenciada, trocas por milhas aéreas, entre outros. O intuito desses programas é aproximar os clientes das empresas participantes e, por consequência, aumentar sua satisfação perante as empresas que os oferecem. O presente trabalho buscou identificar, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, realizadas com executivos de marketing e usuários, quais os principais atributos que devem compor um clube de vantagens. As variáveis identificadas foram avaliadas por grupos de 30 executivos e 122 usuários, considerando uma escala de 5 pontos. Análises estatísticas comparando as médias desses dois grupos serviram para testar a existência de diferenças perceptivas (gaps) entre as expectativas dos usuários e as avaliações feitas pelos gestores que contratam tais serviços, conforme proposto por Parasuraman, Zeithalm e Berry (1985). Objetivou-se ainda identificar se clubes de vantagens contribuem para a satisfação dos usuários com as empresas que os oferecem. / [en] In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of Relationship Programs offered in Brazil by companies from a wide range of segments. These programs can be presented in a variety of ways, such as point accumulation, accredited network discounts, air mile exchanges, among others. The purpose of these programs is to bring customers closer to the participating companies and, consequently, increase their satisfaction with the companies that offer them. The present work sought to identify, through bibliographical research, documentary and field survey, conducted with marketing executives and users, which are the main attributes that should compose a club of advantages. The identified variables were evaluated by groups of 30 executives and 122 users considering a 5 point scale. Statistical analyzes comparing the means of these two groups served to test the existence of gaps between users expectations and the evaluations made by the managers that hire such services, as proposed by Parasuraman, Zeithalm and Berry (1985). The objective was also to identify if clubs of advantages contributes to the satisfaction of the users with the companies that offer them.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of the competitiveness in the construction company HOCHTIEF CZ a.s. on the basis of strategical methods and processes.

O presente trabalho buscou, através de um estudo múltiplo de casos, explanar o processo de internacionalização da micro e pequena empresa brasileira, identificando os principais indutores desse fenômeno e analisando a relação existente entre a atividade exportadora dessas empresas e a formação de vantagens competitivas sustentáveis. O acesso a mercados externos é percebido, em geral, como um processo de desenvolvimento gradual e a questão da competitividade é abordada à luz de dois ângulos distintos: o paradigma SCP (structure-conduct-performance) e a teoria baseada em recursos (resource-based view). Esta última abordagem, de modo particular, ampara-se na idéia de que as empresas possuem recursos diferenciados, os quais, agrupados em processos distintos, dão origem ao conceito de atividades de valor, formando as capacidades internas que possibilitam à organização apresentar desempenhos acima da média em seu ramo de atuação.Para avaliar a formação de vantagens competitivas sustentáveis, proporcionadas pelas capacidades singulares alcançadas por cada empresa, utilizou-se a metodologia do Balanced Scorecard (BSC), gerando-se um conjunto de indicadores que possibilitassem avaliar a tendência de desempenho da organização em áreas-chave para o seu sucesso atual e futuro. O uso dessa metodologia, efetivado através de quatro diferentes perspectivas de análise, permitiu um entendimento adequado do funcionamento das empresas pesquisadas, principalmente a respeito da combinação e integração de suas atividades de valor e dos fatores críticos para o sucesso no mercado externo. Os resultados apontaram para a confirmação do modelo gradualista de inserção internacional, com ressalva para as situações de exportação passiva e indireta. Os ganhos de reputação foram identificados como importante resultado do ingresso no mercado internacional e o tamanho da empresa não foi avaliado como fator restritivo. A formação de vantagens competitivas e a permanência da firma na atividade exportadora estão fortemente relacionados ao incentivo à constante formação técnico-gerencial, à adequação da estrutura organizacional à participação no cenário internacional, ao comprometimento progressivo de recursos internos para o comércio exterior e aodesenvolvimento de atividades focadas em estudo, seleção e exploração de novos mercados externos. / The present study sought, through a study of multiple cases, explain the process of internationalization of the micro and small Brazilian company, identifying the key inducers of this phenomenon and analyzing the relationship between the exporting activity of these companies and the formation of sustainable competitive advantages. Access to foreign markets is perceived, in general, as a process of gradual development and the issue of competitiveness is discussed in the light of two different angles: the paradigm SCP (structure-conduct-performance) and the theory based on resources (resource-based view). This last approach, in particular, seek refuge in the idea that the companies have different resources, which grouped into separate processes, give rise to the concept of value activities , forming the internal capabilities that enable the organization to present above- the-average performances in their field of expertise. To assess the formation of sustainable competitive advantages, brought about by the singular capabilities achieved by each company, the methodology of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) was used, generating a set of indicators that enable to assess the tendencies of the organization's performance in key areas for its current and future success. Using this methodology, effected through four different perspectives of analysis, enabled an understanding of the proper functioning of the surveyed companies, mainly about the combination and integration of its value activities and the critical factors to the success in external markets. The results pointed to the confirmation of the gradualist model of international insertion, with exception for cases of passive and indirect export. Gains of reputation were identified as important result of the entry in the international market and the size of the company has not been evaluated as a restrictive factor. The formation of competitive advantages and the permanence of the firm in the exporting activity are strongly linked to the constant encouragement of technical and managerial training, the adequacy of the organizational structure to participation in the international arena, the ongoing commitment of internal resources for foreign trade and development of activities focused on study, selection and operation of new foreign markets.