The study of naming practices has captured the interest of researchers in a variety of related disciplines. Studies of names and naming have led to a body of literature suggesting that naming practices are infused with meaning and reflect emotional ties between family members. This study examined four research hypotheses related to family naming practices in an intergenerational sample of Mormon women. Ninety women f rom three generations of 30 families participated in the st udy. Through telephone interviews, each woman completed a survey designed to gather information about sources of children's names, kinship affiliations, and religiosity. The information gathered from the surveys was analyzed using three statistical analyses : descriptive statistics, the chi square test of significance , and multiple regression. Data analyses indicated that there were no significant differences in naming practices in this group and that naming practices were similar across generations. Analyses of the relationship between family closeness and naming indicated that there was no significant relationship between closeness to the family of origin and naming for family members. However, closeness to the family of procreation was found to be inversely related to naming for relatives. Both of the religiosity items --level of church activity and frequency of church attendance for both husbands and wives--were found to be inversely related to naming children for relatives. Further data analyses revealed that child gender was the factor that contributed most heavily to whether or not children were named for relatives .

Moral outrage is an emotional, cognitive, and behavioral response to moral violations, resulting in a desire to punish the transgressor. Previous literature on moral outrage was limited in its examination of cognitive components and in the consideration of potential sources of moral outrage beyond transgressive behaviors. Through two studies, I addressed (a) cognitions and judgements integral to moral outrage, and (b) how different sources of moral outrage impacted overall moral outrage, as well as its cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components. In Study 1, I examined a literature-derived list of 42 cognitions and judgements about the transgressor in response to a morally outrageous news story. Using EFA and SEM models, I narrowed down and supported four subscales of potential cognitions related to moral outrage: judgements that the transgressor was Villainous, Intentional, Uncaring, and Harmful. Each subscale was internally consistent, though only Villainous and Intentional subscales were found to be uniquely and consistently predictive of moral outrage. In Study 2, I manipulated the moral outrage source in several scenarios presented as fictional news article about a YouTube star and his involvement with a disturbing viral video, following a 4 (moral outrage source: action, belief, affiliation, control) X 3 (topic: physical assault, zoophilia, stealing tips) design. Results showed a complex relationship between the moral outrage source and the strength of moral outrage, as well as each of its components. Interaction effects of source x topic also impacted multiple variables, where the pattern between each source condition differed depending on which vignette topic the participant had read. Broadly speaking, there were mixed results as to whether moral outrage toward a transgressive belief was equally strong as that toward a transgressive action (as seen in my previous research), or somewhat weaker. There was also novel support for the presence of a moderate level of moral outrage toward a person for their affiliation to a transgressive entity, even if the person had no personal transgressive actions or beliefs. The patterns of emotions, cognitions, and behavioral reactions varied slightly from overall moral outrage in unique ways that encourage future study. This research has implications for political polarization, cancel culture, and recognizing the cognitive component of moral outrage, a construct thus far defined primarily through its emotional components.

Dubbel kulturtillhörighet kan vara både positivt och negativt. Tidigare forskning visade att tillhörighetskänslan är grundläggande för ens identitesskapande. Undersökningens syfte var att öka förståelsen för hur kvinnor upplever att deras identitet påverkas av att växa upp med föräldrar från två skilda kulturer - en svensk och en utländsk - och vilka kulturella skillnader man behövt hantera under uppväxten. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 13 kvinnor i åldrarna 18-30. Analysen av identitetspåverkan genererade teman som att hamna i utan- eller mellanförskap, att anpassa sig utifrån omgivning och kontext och möjlighet till ökad förståelse och brett perspektiv. Kulturella skillnader kunde tematiseras som normer och värderingar, individualism vs. kollektivism, och krav och förväntningar. Resultatet visade bland annat på ett upplevt utan- eller mellanförskap, men även en ökad förståelse. Slutsatsen var att unga kvinnors identitet påverkades av att växa upp med två skilda kulturer med grund i flera olika aspekter som värderingar, krav och förväntningar.

The relationship between politicians and firms has attracted a considerable amount of research, especially in developing countries, where firms' political links are a widespread phenomenon. However, existing literature offers contradicting views about this relationship, espicially regarding the impact of firms' political connections on firms' market-performance. Furthermore, there is limited evidence on the impact of firms' political connections on some of the important corporate decisions, including firms' investment- and dividend-policies. Therefore, this thesis seeks to fill these gaps by offering three empirical essays with Jordan as a case study. The first essay examines the impact of firms' political links on their values by controlling for macroeconomic conditions. Also, in the extended models, by specifying three major events which occurred after 2008, namely, the establishment of the Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC), the Global Financial Crisis, and the Arab Uprisings, we investigate the effects of these events on the relationship between firms' political ties and their value. The findings of this essay indicate that politically-connected firms have higher values compared to their non-connected counterparts in Jordan. Moreover, it is found that firms with stronger political-ties have higher values than firms with weaker ties. Furthermore, the positive effect of political connections continues, even after controlling for the macroeconomic conditions, though the latter are considered to be more important than political connections for firm valuation due to their impact on the share price. Interestingly, findings show that the events occurring after 2008 do not seem to have affected the relationship between political connections and firm value since the significant positive impact of political-ties on firm value persists during the post-event period. The second empirical essay studies the role of political connections in mitigating firms' financing-constraints. Moreover, it investigates the effect of the strength of political connections in alleviating these constraints. Finally, it looks at the impact of the above-mentioned three events which occurred after 2008, notwithstanding the new banking Corporate Governance Code issued in 2007. Findings of this essay reveal that firms' political connections are important in mitigating their financing-constraints. Furthermore, the results show that stronger political connections seem to reduce financing-constraints more than weaker connections. Finally, findings show that the impact of firms' political connections has diminished during the post-event period (2008 - 2014). The third essay examines how a firm's political connections can affect its dividend-policy. It also considers the impact of the strength of political connections on dividend-policy. Finally, we extend the empirical analysis by investigating any shift in the relationship between political connections and dividends due to the events of the Global Financial Crisis, the Arab Uprisings, and the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Results of this essay reveal that a firm's political connections have a significant positive impact on both the propensity to pay dividends and the dividend-payout ratio. Regarding the impact of the strength of political connections on dividends, it is found that firms with weaker political connections pay out more in dividends than firms with stronger connections. In terms of the impact of the events which occurred after 2008 on the relationship between political connections and dividends, the findings show that the impact of these connections on dividends is eliminated.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-03T18:27:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMVV.pdf: 2718127 bytes, checksum: 18d42256c6c4eaa84c2dd493edefcbd3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T17:24:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMVV.pdf: 2718127 bytes, checksum: 18d42256c6c4eaa84c2dd493edefcbd3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T17:25:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMVV.pdf: 2718127 bytes, checksum: 18d42256c6c4eaa84c2dd493edefcbd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T17:25:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMVV.pdf: 2718127 bytes, checksum: 18d42256c6c4eaa84c2dd493edefcbd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Não recebi financiamento / To analyze the scientific production of the professors of a private institution of higher education, some variables can be identifyed and discussions can be developed. To this end it is necessary to understand the professional profile of professors who work at the institution, object of study, and the Lattes platform proves to be the most effective tool to collect information about these professionals. The Lattes platform is the main scientific information system in Brazil, integrating academic curricula of public and private institutions in a single platform, allowing management of curricular information of institutions and researchers. But the platform does not perform automated compilation of data from certain groups. Thus, it was use the ScriptLattes tool, which synthesizes in simplified form potential indicators to demonstrate the relationship not just a group of researchers, but different groups of interest. In examining the Group of professors from the institution used as a case study in this work (UNI_X), can be noted interesting indicators of professional as well as academic characterization; at the same time the scientific literature produced by these professors, whether in the institution itself or in other institutions, where vast majority owned or has bond in graduate programs. Updating of curricula, as well as the correct completion of data on its platform, are proving to be an important indicator as well as the correlation between the published works and without mention of the institution in which these are employee. So we tried to raise discussions on the topic, for better understanding and the deepening about the problem. In this way, an analysis was performed of the professors of a top private institution, through some indicators and, among them, the scientific production. This analysis enabled the development of discussions on the importance of scientific production for private institutions, because it is believed that most of these teachers do not mention the institution in scientific works. In addition, some approaches have been raised through rankings and discussions of the STS field, generating reflections on the subject. / Ao analisar as produções científicas dos docentes de uma instituição de ensino superior privada, entende-se que diversos indicadores e discussões podem ser desenvolvidos. Para tanto se faz necessário compreender o perfil profissional dos professores que atuam na instituição, objeto de estudo, e a plataforma Lattes demonstra ser o local mais eficaz para coletar informações a respeito destes profissionais. A plataforma é o principal sistema de informação científica do Brasil, integrando currículos acadêmicos de instituições públicas e privadas em uma única plataforma, permitindo gerir a informação curricular das instituições e pesquisadores. Mas a respectiva plataforma não realiza de forma automatizada a compilação de dados de determinados grupos, assim utilizou-se a ferramenta ScriptLattes, que sintetiza de forma simplificada, indicadores de potencial, para demonstrar o relacionamento não de apenas um grupo de pesquisadores, mas diversos grupos de interesse. Ao analisar o grupo de professores da instituição utilizada como estudo de caso neste trabalho (UNI_X), pode-se notar interessantes indicadores de caracterização profissional, bem como acadêmico; ao mesmo tempo a produção científica produzida por estes docentes, seja na própria instituição, seja em outras instituições, onde grande maioria possuiu ou possui vinculo em programas de pós-graduação. A atualização dos currículos, bem como o correto preenchimento dos dados na respectiva plataforma, demonstram ser um importante indicador, bem como a correlação existente entre os trabalhos publicados e sem menção da instituição no qual estes docentes possuem vínculo. Assim procurou-se levantar discussões sobre o tema, para melhor compreensão e possibilitar o aprofundamento sobre a problemática. Desta forma, foi realizada uma análise do quadro de docentes de uma instituição superior privada, através de alguns indicadores e, entre eles, a produção científica. Esta análise possibilitou o desenvolvimento de discussões sobre a importância da produção científica para instituições privadas, pois acredita-se que grande parte destes docentes não mencionam a instituição que atuam. Além disso, foram levantadas algumas abordagens através de rankings e discussões do campo CTS, gerando reflexões sobre o tema.

This study uses a longitudinal case study approach to observe change in ‘US and THEM-thinking’. Its purpose is to increase awareness of identity processes among participants and to test if the Attitude-Behaviour-Context-Triangle (the ABC-triangle) may be a way to achieve that. The ABC-triangle is modified as an ‘identity-analysis tool’ rather than a ‘conflict-analysis tool’.               Aspects relating to recognition of multiple identity affiliations compared to singular-identity categorisation is of interest. The traditional identity theories suggest that high identity salience increase singular-identity categorisation and thereby increase positive emotions for ingroup and negative emotions for outgroup. This study is partly based on the social identity perspective but complements it with Thoits’ identity-accumulation hypothesis and Hogg’s uncertainty-identity theory. Hogg’s theory locates uncertainty reduction as a main contributor to singular-identity categorisation together with its’ implied negative consequences. Hogg’s solutions are located both in multiple identity affiliations, as do Thoits, and in perceived cognitive ability to deal with uncertainty. This study emphasises awareness of identity processes to be the single most important factor for decreasing negative views of ‘THEM’. Overlooked in the more dominant theories of this area, it finds that recognition of multiple identity affiliations influences the perceived singular-identity terms imposed by an ‘US and THEM-situation’. Thereby, challenging imposed identity-restrictions and perceived intergroup competition. Furthermore, it questions the theoretical importance given to identity salience in previous research and theories since high identity salience, in this case, does not equal a singular-identity categorisation or increase negative views of ‘others’.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Nigeria is peopled by ethnically and linguistically diverse populations of which little were known until the last few millennial. The absence of major natural geographical barrier increases the possibility of the populations being affected by the same demographic events. The aim of this thesis was to ascertain the genetic variations and demographics in five major Nigerian populations using Y-markers. This was done by determining the genetic structures of the Afro-asiatic speaking Hausa (n=78) of Northern Nigeria and the Niger Congo speaking populations of Igbo (n=119), Yoruba (n=238), Bini (n=13) and Ijaw (n=15) of Southern Nigeria all spread over 22 geographical origins and four (North, South east, south west and South south) geographical regions. They were compared with more than 2000 individuals from 46 populations of 20 other African and Middle Eastern countries, in published literature. The Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) recommended Y-Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) and nine Y-Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) haplogroups were typed with multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) and High Resolution Melting (HRM). Summary statistics and measures of diversity were determined. Population structure was assessed with Population Pairwise Differences, hierarchical Analysis of Molecular Variance, Multidimensional scaling and correspondence analysis plots. Mantel’s test was used to assess the correlation of genetic distances with geographic distances. Demographic inferences were assessed with lineage based Network reconstruction, Spatial autocorrelation plots, effective migrants per population and both Inter and Intra-lineages Times to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA). The patterns of diversity of the Y-markers showed a North-South gradient and a notable sub-structure among the Hausa populations. The Niger-Congo speakers displayed rare presence of haplogroups R and E1b1b but a preponderance of E1b1a7. Overall, the Y markers showed high diversities and significant genetic sub-structure within the Hausa populations of Nigeria with stronger linguistic than geographical bias. The demographic evaluations gave credence for genetic validation of both historical records and archeological findings among these Nigerian populations. These populations showed stronger affiliations with other sub-Saharan African populations rather than with North African or Middle Eastern populations, lacking evidence for the Middle Eastern origins of the male founders of these populations. Finally, the contribution of these Nigerian dataset would greatly enhance the Africa meta-population on the YHRD with more than 274 new haplotypes of forensic estimation significance.

How do some political elites, in unstable democracies with communal divisions, use ethnic, religious, and tribal affiliations for a rhetoric of polarisation and/or reconciliation when running for office? This thesis applies a framing analysis to explore how political elites employ these affiliations in speech acts, mainly political rallies, to construct narratives of polarisation and reconciliation during election campaigns. The theoretical framework is constructed by previous research on “Big Men” politics and the rhetoric used by ex-combatants turned politicians within a context embossed with electoral violence and division. The thesis conducts a qualitative case study of the 2023 Nigerian election, where the frames used by the winner of the election, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, and his main opponents, Atiku Abubakar and Peter Obi, are investigated. While previous research suggests ambiguity in the rhetoric of political elites, the empirical findings reveal a surprising level of consistency in the candidates' framing. This study offers perspectives on Nigeria and similar multi-ethnic nations marked by communal divisions. It contributes to the comprehension of the intricacies of political communication in unstable democracies, where language has the power to either promote reconciliation or exacerbate polarisation.

Second-generation immigrants have attested to different experiences they encountered during their upbringing, which were marked by two cultural affiliations. They are regularlyre minded by society that they are not real "Swedes" even though they are born and raised in Sweden in the same way as their Swedish friends. The study aims to examine the second generation of Chinese in Sweden and gain a deeper understanding of their experiences of having dual cultural affiliations, one of which is internalized from home and the other originates from society. The study also aims to examine how second-generation Chinese people identify with their environment and cultural groups and how their ethnic identity is shaped and changed based on their cultural affiliations. Previous research within this subject has studied other ethnic groups of second-generation immigrants abroad and come to conclusions that have contributed to an understanding of our study. This study, which is based on six qualitative semi-structured interviews with second-generation Chinese between the ages 22-34, has been analyzed based on a the oretical framework consisting of Goffman'sdramaturgical perspective, Bourdieu's theory of habitus and Jenkin's theory of social identity.The results show three experiences linked to dual cultural affiliations amongsecond-generation Chinese: cultural clash, feeling ashamed of their heritage culture and in-betweenship. Furthermore, the study shows that individuals adapt to the different culturalcontext in which they find themselves and that their ethnic identity is shaped by different factors that result in them having different identities. The study shows that they have gone from being insecure about their ethnic identity to feeling proud of it. / Andra generationens invandrare har vittnat om olika upplevelser som de stött på under sin uppväxt som präglats av två kulturtillhörigheter. De blir regelbundet påminda av samhället att de inte är riktiga “svenskar” trots att de är födda och uppväxta i Sverige på samma sätt som sina svenska vänner. Studien syftar till att undersöka andra generationens invandrare i Sverige med kinesiskt ursprung och få en djupare förståelse för deras upplevelser av att ha dubbla kulturtillhörigheter, varav den ena är internaliserad från hemmet och den andra har sitt ursprung från samhället. Studien avser även att undersöka hur andra generationens invandrare med kinesiskt ursprung förhåller sig till sin omgivning och sina kulturella grupper samt hur deras etniska identitet formas och förändras utifrån sina kulturtillhörigheter. Tidigare forskning inom ämnesområdet har studerat andra folkgrupper av andra generationens invandrare utomlands och kommit med slutsatser som bidragit till en förståelse för vår studie. Denna studie som baseras på sex kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med andra generationens invandrare med kinesiskt ursprung i åldrarna 22–34 år har analyserats utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv, Bourdieus teori om habitus och Jenkins teori om social identitet. Resultatet visar tre upplevelser kopplat till dubbla kulturtillhörigheter hos andra generationens invandrare med kinesiskt ursprung:kulturkrock, känna skam över sin arvskultur och mellanförskap. Vidare visar studien attindividerna anpassar sig till de olika kulturella kontexterna de befinner sig i och att deras etniska identitet formas av olika faktorer som resulterar i att de får olika identiteter. Studien visar att de har gått från att vara osäkra på sin etniska identitet till att känna sig stolta överden.

A pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar processos de resiliência em mulheres negras, considerando as influências de conteúdos oriundos de transmissão psíquica (familiares negras, descendentes, ascendentes, ancestrais), de simbolismos associados a mulheres negras, e de significados decorrentes do pertencimento a manifestações negras (culturais, políticas, intelectuais, religiosas). Como metodologia, entrevistas (com estratégia de cenas) com quatro mulheres negras de diferentes gerações na mesma família; os dados passaram por análise de conteúdo, com colaboração das entrevistadas. Considerou-se a demanda e interesse por potenciais para a saúde, abordando o problema com enfoque em pontos de resolução e fortalecimento, focalizando prevenção, superações, amadurecimentos, potenciais, e extrapolando o foco exclusivo ou maior em mazelas e impactos negativos. Foi escolhida uma postura de ampliação do panorama considerado na análise do fenômeno, conjugando os contextos individual, social e histórico do problema. Tais posturas estão em consonância com as teorias adotadas, passando pela psicanálise, psicanálise social, psicanálise dos vínculos, psicologia social, psicologia afrocentrada, entre outras, incluindo os recortes racial e de gênero e a abordagem psicossocial. A dissertação tem início pela introdução, com justificativas, enquadramento político e epistemológico, e apresentação da pesquisadora e dos capítulos. O segundo capítulo expõe o problema de pesquisa, apresentando os objetivos geral e específicos. O terceiro trata de mulheres negras, com perfil (histórico, contexto atual e saúde da população negra na primeira parte, e de mulheres negras na segunda) e psicologia e relações raciais (em geral e com recorte de gênero). No quarto, resiliência, subdividido em definições e discussão crítica. No quinto, resiliência em mulheres negras e suas influências, incluindo os itens transmissão psíquica, simbolismos associados a mulheres negras, significados decorrentes do pertencimento a manifestações negras, resiliência em negros(as) e resiliência em mulheres negras. No sexto capítulo, metodologia: colaboradoras, instrumentos, procedimentos, cuidados éticos e análise dos dados. O sétimo é de resultados e discussões, com categorias de análise. A primeira, Feridas até o coração, reúne experiências de adversidades e exposição a vulnerabilidades, discutindo efeitos prejudiciais dessas configurações, que vão desde comprometimentos orgânicos, passando pelos psicossociais e chegando às relações familiares e afetivas. Desde as ancestrais trata da herança relacionada a outras mulheres negras, seja por transmissão psíquica ou advinda de simbolismos. A terceira categoria, Nas tradições, expõe e analisa relatos relacionados ao pertencimento a manifestações negras, sendo possível identificar coerências ou discrepâncias em relação ao aporte teórico sobre enraizamento e pertencimentos, e discutir a influência desses aspectos sobre o processo de resiliência, por meio de reconciliação com sua origem, conscientização de sua história, ressignificação de sua autoimagem, reorientação para a resistência e potencialização da resiliência. A quarta categoria, Erguem-se guerreiras, ilustra e analisa os enfrentamentos e superações. A quinta categoria, Da resistência à resiliência, investiga a influência dos aspectos anteriores sobre a potencialização da resiliência, discutindo como resistência pode promover resiliência, por que meios, a que custo, com que efeito. Cumpridos os objetivos propostos, o oitavo e último capítulo traz lições aprendidas e recomendações. Posteriormente, são informadas as referências e anexados os termos de aceitação livre e esclarecida, o questionário de classificação social e o roteiro da entrevista / It was the objective of this research to analyze the processes of resilience in black women, taking into consideration the influences in content deriving from psychological transmission (black female relatives, descendants, ascendants, ancestors), from the symbolisms associated with black women, and from the meaning deriving from affiliation in black expressions (cultural, political, intellectual, religious). The methodology for the research included interviewing (with strategy with scenes) with four black women from different generations in the same family. The data collected went through content analysis, with the collaboration of the interviewees. The research also took into consideration the interest and demand for potential for health, approaching the problem focused on the points of resolutions and strengthening. It gives emphasis to the prevention, overcoming, personal growth and potentials. This research also goes beyond the main or only concern on adversities and on causing a negative impression impacts. It was chosen a posture at a widening of the view considered in the analysis of the phenomenon, combining individual, social and historical contexts of the problem. Such attitude is tuned to the followed theories, going through psychoanalysis, social psychoanalysis, psychoanalysis of family bonds, social psychology, afro-centered psychology, among others, including race and genre specially and the psychosocial approach. The dissertation begins with the introduction, together with justifications, of the political and epistemological framework and the description to the researcher and the other chapters. Chapter two approaches the problem of the research, its general and specific objectives. The third chapter refers to black women, with a profile (historical, present context and the health of the black population in the first item, and about black women on the second) and psychology and race relations (from a general view and with a race profile). In chapter four, resilience is divided into definitions and a critical discussion. Chapter five, resilience in black women and its influences, including the items psychological transmission, symbolisms associated with black women, meanings resulting from affiliation to a black expression, resilience in black population and resilience in black women. In chapter six, the methodology: collaborators, tools, procedures, ethical care and data analysis. The seventh chapter is dedicated to the results and discussions, with categories for the analysis. In the first category, \"Hurts to the heart\", experiences of facing adversities and exposure to vulnerabilities are put together, discussing the ill effects of those situations that go from organic compromising, through psychosocial up to familiar and affective relations. \"From the ancestors\" covers the heritage passed on by black women, by psychological transmission and resulting from the symbolism. The third category, \"On traditions\", shows and analyzes stories related to affiliation to the black expressions, where it is possible to identify points of coherence or discrepancy in relation to the theoretical aspects regarding the idea of putting down roots and affiliations, and discussing its influence on boosting the process of resilience, through the reconciliation with their origins, getting more awareness of their history, giving a new meaning to their self image, re-orientation for the resistance and potentialization of the resilience. The fourth category Raise themselves black women warriors illustrates and analyzes the clash and overcoming. The fifth category, \"From resistance to resilience\", studies the influence of the aspects above on the potentialization of resilience. It questions about how resistance can encourage resilience, means, costs and effects. Once the proposed goals be achieved, the eight and last chapter brings about lessons learnt and recommendations. Then, the references and the annexed terms of acceptance free and elucidated are presented, as well as the questionnaire for social classification and the list of questions for the interviews