Cette recherche se penche sur l’expérience historique de la population afro-descendante et indienne originaire des Basses Terres de Charcas, faisant partie de la servitude dans la ville de La Plata, entre 1560 et 1650. À travers les principaux critères des discours normatifs, et d’autres discours sociaux, l’on peut ici discerner de quelle manière se construit l’image publique des personnes esclavisées. Dans la logique des relations de pouvoir, apparaît, avec des caractères distinctifs, le traitement particulier que cette société multi-ethnique réserve aux nombreux membres de la servitude. Bien qu’il rend compte de la violence des pratiques esclavagistes, ce travail cherche à démontrer que l’expérience du sujet captif n’est pas limitée à la sphère de la soumission mais possède une dimension sociale plus large. Même fortement conditionnée, son image n’est pas déterminée par des préjugés phénotypiques, et ne dépend pas de liens avec une quelconque ancestralité, mais, au contraire, s’inscrit dans un jeu de complexes interactions sociales face l’ordre colonial. / This research examines the historical experience of the Afro-descendant and indigenous population from the Lowlands of Charcas who were in servitude in the city of La Plata between 1560 and 1650. Through the main criteria of normative discourse, and of other social discourses, we can discern how the public image of the enslaved people was constructed. Whitin the logic of power relations, appears, with distinctive characteristics, the particular treatment that this multiethnic society gave to its noumerous members in situation of servitude. Although it takes into account the violence of slavery practices, this work seeks to demonstrate that the experience of the captive subject was not limited to the sphere of submission, but that it had a wider social dimension. Even strongly if conditioned by phenotypic prejudices, its image was not determined and did not depend on its ties to any ancestry, but, on the contrary, was part of a complex context of social interactions within the colonial order.

Les manuels scolaires sont plus que de supports exclusivement pédagogiques au service du huit clos de la salle de cours. Leur richesse se constate dans la façon de raconter le témoignage d'une époque. Ils servent aussi à véhiculer le discours d'une élite dominante, ainsi que reproduire des pratiques de représentation. Les enjeux des sciences sociales sont en accord avec des enjeux éthiques, politiques, sociaux, culturels et civiques qui renvoient à la définition de nation. Dans notre sujet de recherche nous avons l'ambition de rendre évident les représentations identitaires des afro-descendants à l'intérieur du discours et de l'iconographie des manuels scolaires colombiens de la période 1996-2016. Pour se faire, nous mettons en exergue plusieurs expériences éducatives et quelques projets entrepris par des acteurs sociaux et éducatifs. Ceux-ci proposent des changements sur le système éducatif colombien et la « réintégration ontologique » et politique des peuples noirs. A partir d'une étude transdisciplinaire, nous prendrons en tant que support théorique la représentation, les études décoloniales, afro-diasporiques et la sociologie de l'éducation qui veux répondre aux questions suivantes : comment est représentée l'identité des peuples afro-descendants colombiens dans le discours et l’iconographie des manuels scolaires, de 1996 à 2016 dans une Colombie définie en tant que nation pluriethnique et multiculturelle ?, de quelle façon les manuels scolaires colombiens rendent compte des transformations sociales et politiques dans les programmes scolaires officielles ?, quelles sont les propositions des communautés afro-descendants, des enseignants, des activistes, et des acteurs sociaux qui habitent la Région du fleuve Atrato, les villes de Medellin et Bogotá ? / Textbooks are more than just educational materials for the eight closets of the classroom. Their richness can be seen in the way of telling the testimony of an era. They also serve to convey the discourse of dominant elite, as well as to reproduce practices of representation. Social science issues are in line with ethical, political, social, cultural and civic issues that refer to the definition of nation. In our research topic we aim to make visible the identity representations of Afro-descendants within the discourse and iconography of Colombian textbooks from 1996-2016. To do so, we highlight several educational experiences and some projects undertaken by social and educational actors. These propose changes to the Colombian education system and the "ontological reintegration" and politics of the black peoples. From a transdisciplinary study, we will take as a theoretical support the representation, the decolonial, Afro-diasporic studies and the sociology of education that want to answer the following questions: how is represented the identity of Afro-descendant peoples Colombians in the discourse and iconography of textbooks, from 1996 to 2016 in a Colombia defined as a multi-ethnic and multicultural nation ?, how do Colombian textbooks report social and political transformations in official school curricula? What are the proposals of Afro-descendant communities, teachers, activists, and social actors living in the Atrato River Region, the cities of Medellin and Bogotá?

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:54:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_ab_me_assis.pdf: 1297340 bytes, checksum: 45de1c32a26013a400b6a9bddeee5c5a (MD5) / Para além da tríade prensa, papel e tinta, o jornal “A Voz da Raça” se constituíra em bastião simbólico no universo da cultura letrada e da experiência política e cultural dos afrodescendentes no decênio de 1930. Dimensionar as lides da palavra impressa do grupo em questão é, em linhas gerais, o escopo deste trabalho. / Further beyond the paper, ink, and printing triad, São Paulo City the “A Voz da Raça” press has established itself as a symbolic landmark in the universe of both the literate culture and the political and cultural experience of afro-descendants in the 1930 decade. Verifying some dimensions of that group's printed word battle is the overall scope of this work.

Orientador: Antonio Celso Ferreira / Banca: Lúcia Helena Oliveira Silva / Banca: Moacir José dos Santos / Resumo: Para além da tríade prensa, papel e tinta, o jornal "A Voz da Raça" se constituíra em bastião simbólico no universo da cultura letrada e da experiência política e cultural dos afrodescendentes no decênio de 1930. Dimensionar as lides da palavra impressa do grupo em questão é, em linhas gerais, o escopo deste trabalho. / Abstract: Further beyond the paper, ink, and printing triad, São Paulo City the "A Voz da Raça" press has established itself as a symbolic landmark in the universe of both the literate culture and the political and cultural experience of afro-descendants in the 1930 decade. Verifying some dimensions of that group's printed word battle is the overall scope of this work. / Mestre

Si la littérature centraméricaine semble sortir du ghetto auquel elle a été cantonnée jusqu’à il y a peu, les écrivain·e·s ne bénéficient pas à égalité de cette amélioration de la visibilité des pratiques culturelles de l’isthme, qui tend à renforcer la marginalisation de certain·e·s au profit d’une minorité. À partir de l’étude du genre de la nouvelle, particulièrement développé en Amérique Centrale, notre travail cherche à identifier les divers procédés intra et extratextuels qui permettent d’entrevoir un ensemble cohérent au sein de productions diverses émanant d’écrivain·e·s marginalisé·e·s, ensemble qui pourrait être qualifié de littérature des marges. À travers une approche régionale et transnationale, nous analysons la marginalisation historique des populations autochtones et afro-descendantes ainsi que des femmes, avant d’observer le déplacement de cette marginalisation de la réalité à la fiction dans les textes littéraires. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à l’évolution des représentations littéraires de ces groupes marginalisés, permises par les (r)évolutions des sociétés centraméricaines, en nous appuyant sur la confrontation entre un pré-corpus de nouvelles retraçant les représentations de l’altérité d’un point de vue extérieur, et un corpus de huit recueils de nouvelles d’écrivain·e·s issu·e·s de ces groupes marginalisés. Enfin, nous observons à travers ces recueils de Moravia Ochoa, Quince Duncan, Luis de Lión, Zoila Ellis, Jacinta Escudos, Marisela Quintana, Lety Elvir, et Humberto Ak’abal, comment cet ensemble cohérent d’écritures des marges provoque une déstabilisation du canon littéraire par le moyen d’un ébranlement de ses valeurs hégémoniques. / If Central American literature seems to be emerging from the ghetto it has been confined to until recently, its writers don’t equally benefit from this improvement of the isthmus’ cultural practices’ visibility. Starting from the study of the short-story or cuento, a literary genre widely developed in Central America, our research seeks to identify the multiple intra and extratextual processes which allow discerning a coherent whole inside different productions from marginalized writers, a whole that could be identified as a writing of the margins. Through a regional and transnational approach, we analyse the historical marginalization of indigenous and afro-descendant populations as well a women, before gazing at the transfer of this marginalization from reality to fiction in the literary texts. Afterwards, we take an interest in the evolution of the literary representations of these marginalized groups, allowed by the (r)evolutions of the Central American societies, relying on the confrontation between a pre-corpus of short-stories that recount the representations of the alterity from the outside, and a corpus made of eight collections of short-stories by writers coming from these marginalized groups. Finally, we observe through these collections by the Panamanian Moravia Ochoa, the Afro-Costa-Rican Quince Duncan, the Guatemalan Kaqchikel Luis de Lión, the Belizean Garifuna Zoila Ellis, the Salvadoran Jacinta Escudos, the Nicaraguan Marisela Quintana, the Honduran Lety Elvir, and the Guatemalan K’iche’ Humberto Ak’abal, how this coherent whole of writings of the margins causes a destabilization of the literary canon by trembling or even inverting its hegemonic values.

O romance é um gênero pouco presente nos estudos críticos e bibliográficos dedicados a autoria negra no Brasil. Intervindo nesse cenário, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é tornar visível o conjunto de romances cujas autoras brasileiras são negras, reunindo suas obras dispersas num arco histórico que atinge três séculos. A leitura comparada evidenciou vários pontos de contato, dos quais emerge um pensamento partilhado pelas diversas narrativas. Os romances se aproximam entre si ao recorrerem continuamente a um mesmo solo histórico, que resulta na posse da História. Para tanto, desenham uma imagem crítica da nação ao apontarem a sua matriz colonial constitutiva. Maria Firmina dos Reis (Úrsula, 1859), Ruth Guimarães (Água Funda, 1946), Carolina Maria de Jesus (Pedaços da fome, 1963), Anajá Caetano (Negra Efigênia: paixão do senhor branco, 1966), Aline França (A mulher de Aleduma, 1981), Marilene Felinto (As mulheres de Tijucopapo, 1982), Conceição Evaristo (Ponciá Vicêncio, 2003) e Ana Maria Gonçalves (Um defeito de cor, 2006) reelaboram a modernidade brasileira, demarcando os lugares de poder e subalternidade, constituídos pela intersecção de gênero e raça. As obras reunidas nesta tese articulam uma inteligibilidade pluriversal, porque não apagam a presença da alteridade; transtemporal, porque o passado que formulam também produz significados para o nosso presente; e posicionada, porque articulam em seu bojo o rompimento do silenciamento sobre a voz da mulher negra. / The novel is a genre little present in the critical and bibliographical studies dedicated to black authorship in Brazil. Interfering in this scenario, the main aim of this work is to make visible the set of novels whose Brazilian authors are black women, gathering their works dispersed in a historical arch that reaches three centuries. The comparative reading revealed several points of contact, from which emerges a thought shared by the different narratives. The novels approach each other by continually resorting to the same historical soil that results in the own of History. To do so, they design a critical portrait of the nation by pointing to its constitutive colonial matrix. (1962), Maria Firmina dos Reis (Úrsula, 1859), Ruth Guimarães (Água Funda, 1946), Carolina Maria de Jesus (Pedaços da fome, 1963), Anajá Caetano (Negra Efigênia: paixão do senhor branco, 1966), Aline França (A mulher de Aleduma, 1981), Marilene Felinto (As mulheres de Tijucopapo, 1982), Conceição Evaristo (Ponciá Vicêncio, 2003) e Ana Maria Gonçalves (Um defeito de cor, 2006) rework the Brazilian modernity, defining the places of power and subalternity constituted by the intersection of gender and race. The works assembled in this thesis articulate their intelligibility under three aspects: pluriversal because they do not erase the presence of otherness; transtemporal because the past they formulate also produces meanings for our present; and positioned, because they articulate in their bulge the disruption of silence over the voice of the black woman.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T22:02:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 22 / Nenhuma / A pesquisa analisa as possibilidades de (re)construção de identificações negras na sociedade de risco contemporânea. O lócus é o olhar de estudantes negros de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior particular brasileira, que adota cotas para minorias sociais. Nos aportes de Stuart Hall se busca hipóteses ao paradoxo identitário afro-brasileiro. A análise perpassa conceitos próprios do afro-brasileiro, como racismo, preconceito, intolerância, e mitos sociais como a democracia racial e o branqueamento.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-05-03T19:15:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Gonçalves Jacinto Figuerêdo (2).pdf: 1928842 bytes, checksum: e66c296592d0e4d12b86b6dd0b149758 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T19:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Gonçalves Jacinto Figuerêdo (2).pdf: 1928842 bytes, checksum: e66c296592d0e4d12b86b6dd0b149758 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-28 / Intestinal parasitosis are one of the determining indicators of the socioeconomic development of a country. Minority populations as quilombolas are included in the risk groups that present high rates of health problems, among them, the enteroparasitosis, related mainly to cultural and geographic isolation. A study was performed to investigate the occurrence of enteroparasitosis and associated factors in quilombolas from São Vicente Island community in the north part of the state of Tocantins. The experimente was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. It was carried out in April and May 2017, through the collection of stool samples for parasitological analysis and application of a questionnaire from the Brazilian Association of Research Institutes, additioned with socioeconomic, environmental and sanitary factors of the community. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS, 23.0) adopting a level of significance of 5% (p <0.05). From a total of 86 individuals surveyed, 39 (45.3%) presented intestinal parasites, nine (23.1%) of which were infested with two different intestinal worms. The geohelminths Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were the most prevalent among pathogens, with 8 (16.6%) and 6 (12.5%) infested individuals, respectively. Regardless of the place of residence (urban or rural), risk factors such as: precarious or nonexistent basic sanitation, associated with the adoption of inadequate hygiene measures and low socioeconomic levels, exposed the quilombola community to intestinal parasitosis. Ensuring the improvement of environmental sanitation, housing habitability, facilitation of the availability of antiparasitics, accessibility to health services and information that mitigates health problems are important measures to reduce the prevalence of enteroparasites in the quilombola community. / As parasitoses intestinais se configuram um dos indicadores determinantes do desenvolvimento socioeconômico de um país. Populações minoritárias como quilombolas estão inclusas nos grupos de risco que apresentam elevados índices de agravos à saúde, entre eles, as enteroparasitoses, relacionadas principalmente ao isolamento cultural e geográfico. O estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de enteroparasitoses e fatores associados em quilombolas da comunidade Ilha de São Vicente no norte do Estado do Tocantins. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Realizou-se nos meses de abril e maio de 2017, através da coleta de amostras de fezes para análise parasitológica e aplicação do formulário da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisas acrescido de fatores socioeconômicos, ambientais e sanitários da comunidade. Os dados foram analisados com pacote estatístico Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS, 23.0) adotando um nível de significância de 5% (p <0,05). Dos 86 indivíduos pesquisados, 39 (45,3%) apresentaram positividade para parasitos intestinais. Destes, 9 (23,1%) tiveram biparasitismo. Os geohelmintos Ascaris lumbricoides e Trichuris trichiura foram os mais prevalentes entre os patogênicos, com respectivamente 8 (16,6%) e 6 (12,5%). Independente do local de moradia (zona urbana ou rural) dos quilombolas, fatores de risco como: Saneamento básico precário ou inexistente, associado a adoção de medidas de higiene inadequadas e níveis socioeconômicos baixos, expuseram a comunidade quilombola às parasitoses intestinais. Garantir a melhoria do saneamento ambiental, habitabilidade das residências, facilitação na oferta de antiparasitários, acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde e informações mitigadoras dos agravos à saúde, são medidas importantes para diminuição da prevalência de enteroparasitoses na comunidade quilombola.

Afro-descendant communities in Central America have recently made important legal strides by enshrining their right to equal treatment under the law and in some cases their ability to claim a distinct group status in national constitutions. The United Nations recently issued a draft resolution declaring that access to water and sanitation is a universal right, furthering the tools available to marginalized afro-descendant peoples in their battles against poverty and underdevelopment. Unfortunately, implementation of these measures has been slow in some areas and non-existent in others. Though there have been some advances, the situation for Afro-descendant communities remains largely unchanged and the availability of the basic requirements of life for Afro-descendant populations remains among the lowest in the region. Increased attention to the political, social, and especially the material situation of Afro-descendant communities is needed in political circles, as well as in the academic community. There is a lack of scholarly work on the material well-being of Afro-descendent populations in Central America. An important initial contribution in this area would be the compilation, and accumulation of statistical information as a primary step in developing the literature. The focus of this study then is on the Atlantic Coast Afro-descendant populations in Nicaragua. This document will outline the current material circumstances of Nicaraguan Afro-descendant communities using data gathered from a variety of sources, identify the causes of inadequate access to water and sanitation, and suggest strategies to improve the situation of these communities. It is my sincere hope that, at the very least, increased attention will be brought to the situation. / text

A presente dissertação focaliza os fundamentos da escravidão presentes na realidade brasileira, considerando os ideais liberais do projeto político de construção do Estado Nacional e a visão de políticos e intelectuais envolvidos no processo de discussão do escravismo, tendo o 1º Império (1822-1831) como um dos seus marcos temporais. Na atualização do tema o estudo aborda a questão dos afrodescendentes no Brasil Contemporâneo (2002-2006), visando a compreensão das políticas públicas de discriminação positiva: as cotas, cujo objetivo é constituir gradativamente a inclusão de negros e pardos em diferentes instâncias sociais; entre elas, as universidades públicas. Para tal, analisam-se as antíteses das propostas, discursos e práxis políticas, a partir da fundamentação teórica sobre liberalismo e escravidão, e de temas correlatos como “estado” e “liberdade”, enquanto dimensões constitutivas da vida política no despontar da sociedade moderna. Isso é feito pela ótica da Ciência Política e de forma complementar da Filosofia e da História Social do país. Para a realização do trabalho nos baseamos no método dialético, cujo suporte é a negação de uma realidade tida como estática. Tal procedimento nos permitiu trabalhar com as contradições ou antinomias sociais, através de bibliografias, artigos e pesquisas on-line. A partir desse material investigamos questões referentes às práticas atuais de racismo que desvendam o dilema da exclusão social e da ineficácia das políticas públicas de atendimento aos pobres e, de forma mais intensa, aos afrodescendentes. Também examinamos atividades de atendimento e assistência destinadas aos alunos cotistas nas universidades públicas que já aderiram o projeto de cotas raciais. Por meio da Ciência Política analisamos e problematizamos parte das categorias mediativas do processo de exclusão do negro que remontam ao Brasil-Colônia e se mantém até atualidade enquanto fato político, uma vez que a abolição não foi acompanhada de políticas públicas constituintes de cidadania afrodescendente. Assim, encontramos marcos importantes onde a negação sistemática do racismo contrasta com a sua existência velada, pautada pelo falso conceito de democracia racial. Experiência capaz de reproduzir uma realidade perversa nivelada apenas pelo conteúdo, mas sem consistência nas relações concretas nas quais, cotidianamente, os afrodescendentes são excluídos pela cor da pele. Por conseqüência, trata-se de necessidades que revelam e fundamentam a urgência da implantação de políticas de cotas em nível nacional. / This dissertation focuses on the basis of slavery present in Brazilian reality, considering the liberal ideals of the political project of the building of the National State and the vision of politicians and intellectuals involved the process of discussing slavery, having the First Empire (1822-1831) as the temporal landmark. In the development of this theme, this study addresses the issue of afro descendants in Contemporary Brazil (2002-2006) aiming the understanding of public politics of positive discrimination: the quotas, which attempts to gradually increase the number of afro-descendants, included in different social instances, among them, public universities. Thus, the antithesis of the proposals, speeches and political praxis will be analyzed from the theoretical framework of liberalism and slavery, as well as of correlate themes like “state” and “freedom”, while constituent dimensions of political life arise for modern society. This analysis is performed from the perspective of Political Science and of the Philosophy and Social History of the country as well. This research was based on the dialectic method which is the denial of a static reality. Such a procedure allowed us to work with the social contradictions or antinomies thorough bibliography, papers and on-line researches. From this material we investigated questions referring to actual practices of racism which reveal the dilemma of social exclusion and of the inefficacy of public politics serving the poor and more specifically to afro-descendants. We also examined services and assistance designated to “students selected by quota” of public universities that have already agreed to the project of racial quotas. Using Political Science we evaluated some of the categories that mediate the process of exclusion of the afro-descendants that date from the “Brazilian-Colonial” period and continue to the present as a political issue, since the abolition of slavery has not been accompanied by the success of public politics in creating afro- descendants as citizens. Thus, we find important indications where the systematic denial of racism contrasts with its evident existence, marked by the false concept of racial democracy. Experiences capable of reproducing a perverse reality, mediated only by the theoretical content of law, but with no consistency for the concrete relations in which, daily, the afro- descendants are excluded based on the color of their skin. Consequently, there are needs that reveal and underlie the urgency for the emergence of quota politics on the national level.