Thin films provide a remarkable asset, as depositing a thin surface layer can completely alter a material’s characteristics and provide new, inexpensive, and valuable properties. In 2020, a new Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) approach was developed at Linköping University, using plasma electrons as reducing agents for the deposition of metallic thin films. To understand the CVD approach, comprehension of the deposition chemistry is crucial. In this thesis, I have performed a theoretical examination of the gas phase and surface chemistry of ferrocene in the recently developed CVD method to form metallic iron thin films, using plasma electrons as reducing agents. Results show that ferrocene anion formation and dissociation are probable in the gas phase, depending on the energy of the plasma electrons. It gets successively easier to dissociate the complex after gaining electrons. The most probable gas phase species leading to film formation was determined as FeCp2-, FeCp, and Cp− under the normal deposition parameters. An electron energy above 220 kJ/mol would suffice for ion formation and dissociation to form FeCp and Cp− fragments. On the surface, ferrocene’s vertical and horizontal adsorption is equally probable, with energies around -72 kJ/mol. Cp, Fe, and FeCp with Fe facing towards the surface interacts stronger with the surface than ferrocene, with adsorption energies of -179, -279 kJ/mol, and -284 kJ/mol. FeCp with Fe facing up from the surface had adsorption energy of -23 kJ/mol. As the surface bonding of Fe and FeCp with Fe facing the surface is stronger than for the other species, this poses a possible way of tuning the CVD method to limit carbon impurities. By providing above 180 kJ/mol energy, for example in the form of heating the substrate, the unwanted species FeCp2, Cp, and FeCp with the ring facing downwards would desorb from the surface, leaving the Fe and FeCp fragments with iron facing towards the surface still adsorbed. This poses a possible way of reducing carbon impurities.

Digital Business & Administration E.2 / Einleitung: Mit zunehmender Digitalisierung und Globalisierung sind Unternehmen mit einem verschärften Wettbewerb konfrontiert (Bleiker, Wallemann & Müller, 2021, S. 27). Durch die stetig wachsende globale Vernetzung werden stetig mehr elektronische Kommunikationsmedien eingesetzt um fachliches Wissen zu teilen, wodurch sich neue Arbeitsformen, im Besonderen (globale) virtuelle Teams (VT) entwickeln (Kordsmeyer, Mette, Harth & Mache, 2019, S. 313). Durch die prägende Pandemie in den letzten Jahren ist die Digitalisierung und das Arbeiten in VT sprunghaft gestiegen, da VT eine Kommunikation rund um die Welt aufzubauen können und Synergien schaffen (Biemann & Rack, 2020, S. 42). Speziell gilt dies für die Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft (VW AG), wo Wissen generiert, gespeichert, verteilt und zudem geschützt werden muss, um spezifisches weltweites Erfahrungswissen als Vorsprung zu nutzen (Bitzer & Werther, 2019, S. 110). Denn trotz der zunehmenden Nachfrage nach (globalen) VT, ist noch relativ wenig bekannt, welche Kenntnisse, Fertigkeiten, Fähigkeiten und Kompetenzen für VT benötigt werden (Schulze & Krumm, 2017, S. 66). Die Literatur bietet einerseits keine einheitliche Definition und andererseits existiert eine Inkonsistenz bezüglich der relevanten Faktoren, die (globale) VT beeinflussen (Bleiker et al., 2021, S. 27).

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the current design of the high temperature gas cooled reactor, a small fraction of coated fuel particles will be defective. Hence, 110Ag may be released from the fuel spheres into the coolant gas (helium) and plate out on the cooler surfaces of the main power system. This poses a radiation risk to operating personnel as well as general public. The objectives of this thesis were to design and construct an apparatus in which silver-109 atoms may be produced and deflected in an inhomogeneous and homogeneous magnetic field, compare experimental and theoretical results, and make a recommendation based on the findings of this thesis to the idea of removing silver-110 atoms from the helium fluid by deflecting them with an inhomogeneous magnetic field onto target plates situated on the inner perimeter of a helium pipe. The experimental results for the deflection of the collimated Ag- atoms with the round-hole collimators showed a deflection of 1.77° and 2.05° of the Ag- atoms due to an inhomogeneous magnetic field when the target plate was positioned 13 and 30 mm away from the magnet, respectively. These values were considerably greater than 0.01° and 0.02° that were calculated for the average velocity of atoms, v = 500 m/s. The case where Ag- atoms were collimated with a pair of slits and the target plate positioned 13mm away from the magnet showed the following: An inhomogeneous magnetic field changes the rectangular shape of the beam to a roughly elliptical shape. The beam of Ag- atoms was not split into two separate beams. This was caused by the beam of Ag- atoms consisting of atoms travelling at different speeds. The maximum deflection of Ag- atoms was 1.16° in the z direction and 1.12° in the x direction. These values were also significantly greater than 0.01 mm calculated at v = 500 m/s. This huge difference between the theoretical and experimental results raised a conclusion that the size of each Ag deposit depended mostly on the exposure time that was given to it. It was noticed that the beam of Ag- atoms was not split into two separate beams, in both cases. The conclusion was that the technique of removing Ag- atoms from the helium stream by means of an inhomogeneous magnetic field may not be effective. This is due to the inability of the inhomogeneous magnetic field to split the beam of Ag- atoms into two separate beams in a vacuum of ~10-5 mbar. It would be even more difficult for an inhomogeneous magnetic field to split the beam of Ag- atoms in helium, due to the Ag- atoms having a shorter mean free path in helium compared to a vacuum. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die huidige ontwerp van die hoë temperatuur gas afgekoelde reaktor, is 'n klein fraksie van omhulde brandstof deeltjies foutief. 110Ag kan dus vrygestel word vanaf die brandstof sfere in die verkoelingsgas (helium) wat dan op die koeler oppervlaktes van die hoofkragstelsel presipiteer. Hierdie 110Ag deeltjies hou 'n bestraling risiko vir die bedryfpersoneel sowel as vir die algemene publiek in. Die doelwitte van hierdie verhandeling is eerstens om 'n apparaat te ontwerp en konstrueer wat silwer-109 atome produseer en nie-homogene en homogene magnetiese velde deflekteer,. Tweedens om die eksperimentele en teoretiese resultate met mekaar te vergelyk. Derdens om 'n aanbeveling te maak gebasseer op die bevindinge van hierdie verhandeling rakende die verwydering van silwer-110 atome uit die helium vloeistof deur hulle met 'n nie-homogene magneetveld te deflekteer op die teikenplate binne-in 'n helium pyp. Die eksperimentele resultate vir die defleksie van die gekollimeerde Ag-atome met die ronde gat kollimators toon ‘n defleksie van 1.77° en 2.05° van die Ag-atome as gevolg van ‘n nie-homogene magneetveld wanneer die teikenplaat 13mm en 30mm, onderskeidelik, vanaf die magneet geposisioneer is. Hierdie waardes is aansienlik groter as die teoretiese defleksies van 0.01° en 0.02o wat bereken is vir ‘n gemiddelde snelheid van 500 m/s vir die atome. Die geval waar Ag-atome met 'n paar splete gekollimeer is en die teikenplaat 13 mm weg van magneet geposisioneer is, is die volgende resultate verkry: 'n nie-homogene magneetveld verander die reghoekige vorm van die bondel na 'n rowwe elliptiese vorm. Die bondel Ag-atome is nie volkome twee afsonderlike bundels verdeel nie. Dit is omdat die bondel van Ag-atome bestaan uit atome wat teen verskillende snelhede beweeg. Die maksimum defleksie van Ag-atome is 1.16° in die z-rigting en 1.12° in die x-rigting. Hierdie waardes is ook aansienlik groter as 0.01° bereken teen 500 m/s. Hierdie groot verskil tussen die teoretiese en eksperimentele resultate dui daarop dat die grootte van elke Ag neerslag grootliks afhanklik is van die blootstellingstyd wat daaraan gegee is. Daar is vasgestel dat die straal van Ag-atome in beide gevalle nie in twee afsonderlike bondels verdeel nie. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die tegniek van die verwydering van Ag-atome uit die helium stroom deur middel van 'n nie-homogene magneetveld nie effektief is nie. Dit is te wyte aan die onvermoë van die nie-homogene magneetveld om die bondel Ag-atome te verdeel in twee afsonderlike bondels in 'n vakuum van ~ 10-5 mbar. Dit sou selfs nog moeiliker vir 'n nie-homogene magnetiese veld wees om die bundel Ag-atome in helium te verdeel, weens die korter gemiddelde beskikbare pad van Ag-atome in helium wanneer dit met 'n vakuum vergelyk word.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden nanopartikelhaltige Suspensionen auf Ag- und Ni-Basis sowie Ag-Precursoren, die während des Erwärmungsprozesses Nanopartikel bilden, bezüglich ihrer Eignung zum Fügen bei niedrigen Temperaturen untersucht. Dabei wird die, im Vergleich zum entsprechenden Massivmaterial, verringerte Schmelz- und Sintertemperatur von Nanopartikeln ausgenutzt. Da nach dem Schmelz- und Sinterprozess der Partikel die thermischen Eigenschaften des Massivmaterials vorliegen, ergibt sich ein großes Potential für die Herstellung hochfester und temperaturbeständiger Verbindungen bei gleichzeitig niedrigen Fügetemperaturen, was für eine Vielzahl von Fügeaufgaben von großem Interesse ist. In der Arbeit wird zunächst eine kommerzielle Ag-Nanopaste insbesondere bezüglich ihres thermischen Verhaltens charakterisiert. In der Folge werden Fügeverbindungen mit Cu-Substraten hergestellt, die in Abhängigkeit verschiedener Prozessparameter bzgl. der Festigkeiten, der Mikrostruktur sowie der Bruchflächen detailliert charakterisiert werden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass insbesondere der Fügedruck einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die erreichbaren Festigkeiten ausübt. Mit hohen Fügedrücken können bei einer Fügetemperatur von 300 °C höhere Verbindungsfestigkeiten als mit einem konventionellen Hartlot auf AgCu-Basis (Löttemperatur: 780 °C) erreicht werden. Weiterhin werden erste Ergebnisse zum Fügen von Stählen mit einer Ni-Nanopaste vorgestellt, mit der hohe Verbindungsfestigkeiten erzielt werden können. Schließlich wird mit Ag-Precursoren eine weitere Klasse möglicher Fügewerkstoffe vorgestellt, die erst während des Erwärmungs- bzw. Fügeprozesses Nanopartikel bilden, was in einer deutlich vereinfachten Handhabbarkeit resultiert. Die Arbeit liefert zudem Ansätze für weitere Forschungstätigkeiten. / In this thesis, Ag- and Ni-based nanoparticle-containing suspensions and Ag precursors, which form nanoparticles during heating, are examined with regard to their suitability for joining at low temperatures. Nanoparticles exhibit a decrease in sintering and melting temperature in comparison to the corresponding bulk material. After melting and sintering of the nanoparticles, the material behaves like the bulk material. Therefore, high-strength and temperature-resistant joints can be produced at low temperatures, which is of great interest for various joining tasks. First, a commercially available Ag nanopaste is characterized in particular regarding to its thermal behavior. Subsequently, joints (substrate: Cu) are prepared with the Ag nanopaste. The influence of different process parameters on the strength behavior of the joints, the microstructure and the fracture surfaces is investigated. It is shown, that in particular the joining pressure exerts an essential influence on the achievable strengths. With high joining pressures, the strengths of conventionally brazed joints (AgCu brazing filler metal, brazing temperature: 780 °C) can be exceeded at a joining temperature of only 300 °C. Furthermore, first results for the joining of steels with a Ni nanopaste are presented, whereby high strengths can be achieved. Finally, with Ag precursors, an additional class of possible joining materials is presented, which form nanoparticles only during heating. This results in a significantly simplified handling. The work also provides approaches for further research activities.

Le neuroblastome (NB) est la tumeur solide extracranienne la plus fréquente chez le jeune enfant. En dépit de plusieurs avancements thérapeutiques, seulement 60% survivront à long terme. Cette résistance aux traitements est possiblement due, en partie, à la présence des cellules souches cancéreuses (CSC). PARP-1 joue un rôle important dans la chimiorésistance de certaines tumeurs et son inhibition a montré une potentialisation des agents anticancéreux conventionnels. De plus, Bcl-2 est surexprimé dans le NB et son expression accrue contribuerait à la résistance à la chimiothérapie. Le but de notre travail était de déterminer les effets in vitro d’un PARP inhibiteur, AG-014699 (AG), et d’un inhibiteur de Bcl-2, Obatoclax (Obx), in vitro et in vivo, en monothérapie ou en combinaison avec de la Doxorubicine (Doxo) ou du Cisplatin (Cis), deux agents anticancéreux classiquement utilisés dans le traitement du NB. Afin de déterminer l’expression de PARP-1 dans les tumeurs de NB, nous avons analysé une cohorte de 132 tumeurs. Nous avons utilisé le test MTT afin d’évaluer la sensibilité de 6 lignées cellulaires de NB et des CSC à un traitement avec AG seul ou en combinaison avec de la Doxo ou du Cis. Nous avons déterminé l’étendue de la mort cellulaire par Annexin-V et caractérisé les dommages à l’ADN à l’aide d’un marquage γH2aX. De plus, les modulations des voies de signalisation intracellulaire ont été analysées par Western Blot. La sensibilité des cellules à l’Obx a été analysée par MTT sur 6 lignées cellulaires de NB et sa combinaison avec le Cis a également été déterminée dans 2 lignées cellulaires. Le marquage Annexin-V et des combinaisons avec ZVAD-FMK ont aussi été utilisés pour caractériser les effets d’Obx sur l’apoptose. Des expériences in vivo ont également été faites. Nos résultats démontrent que l’expression de PARP-1 est associée aux tumeurs moins agressives. AG n’a peu ou pas effet sur la croissance tumorale et ne potentialise pas significativement les effets de la Doxo ou de Cis. AG combiné à la Doxo semble sensibiliser les CSC dans une lignée cellulaire. L’Annexin-V et le marquage γH2aX ne révèlent pas d’effets synergiques de cette combinaison et les dommages à l’ADN et la mort cellulaire observés sont attribués à la Doxo. Cependant, on observe une augmentation d’apoptose et de bris d’ADN dans une lignée cellulaire (SK-N-FI) lorsqu’AG est utilisé en monothérapie. On observe une surexpression de pAKT et pERK suite à la combinaison Doxo et AG. Les cellules de NB sont sensibles à l’Obx à des concentrations à l’échelle nanomolaire. De plus, Obx active la mort cellulaire par apoptose. Aussi, Obx a un effet synergique avec le Cis in vitro. In vivo, l’Obx diminue significativement la taille tumorale. Nous concluons que l’Obx présente une avenue thérapeutique prometteuse dans le traitement du NB alors que l’utilisation d’AG ne semble pas être aussi encourageante. / Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumour of childhood. In spite of many therapeutic improvements, only 60% survive long term. Presence of cancer stem cell (CSCs) is thought to mediate such resistance. PARP-1 plays an important role in the chemoresistance of certain tumours and its inhibition is shown to potentiate cells to routinely used anticancer agents. Moreover, Bcl-2 is over-expressed in NB and that its increased expression would contribute to chemotherapy resistance. Our goal was to determine the efficacy in vitro of a PARP inhibitor, AG-014699 (AG), and a Bcl-2 inhibitor, Obatoclax (Obx), in vitro and in vivo, in monotherapy or in combination to Doxorubicine (Doxo) and Cisplatine (Cis), classical chemotherapeutic agents used in NB treatment. In order to determine PARP-1 expression in NB tumours, 132 tumours were analyzed. We used an MTT test to evaluate 6 NB cell line and CSC sensitivity to AG alone or in combination to Doxo and Cis. We investigated the extent of cell death by Annexin-V and determined the degree of DNA damage by γH2aX staining. Also, signalling pathway modulations were analyzed by Western Blots. Obx sensitivity was determined by MTT test on 6 NB cell lines and its combination to Cis was also examined in 2 NB cell lines. Annexin-V and combinations to ZVAD-FMK also evaluated its effect on apoptosis. In vivo experiments were also done. Our results show that PARP-1 is associated to less aggressive tumors. AG has little to no effect on tumour growth when used alone and does not potentiate the effects of Doxo and Cis although more experiments will be needed. AG combined to Doxo seems to sensitize CSC in one cell line. Annexin-V and γH2aX staining reveal no effects of AG combination and Doxo mostly confers all cell damage and death. However, we do observe an increase in DNA damage and apoptosis in one cell line (SK-N-FI) when AG is used in monotherapy. pAKT and pERK are upregulated by Doxo and AG combination. NB cells are sensitized to Obx at nanomolar concentrations. Also, Obx activates apoptotic cell death. Moreover, Obx synergizes with Cis in vitro. In vivo, Obx significantly decreases tumor size. We conclude that Obx seems like a promising therapeutic approach in NB treatment whilst AG does not look so encouraging.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-03-31T17:03:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_LETICIA_GOMES_DA_ROSA_COMPLETO.pdf: 6424553 bytes, checksum: a5484fcb9a1e31b81c6be6e76eab6737 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-31T17:03:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_LETICIA_GOMES_DA_ROSA_COMPLETO.pdf: 6424553 bytes, checksum: a5484fcb9a1e31b81c6be6e76eab6737 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / This thesis deals with the universe of Brazilian advertising professionals, focusing on the city of Porto Alegre. Search portray the organizational climate, scenery, dynamic interaction and subjective interference such as the advent of new media. Considered as reference the social networking site, Facebook. Part in research on the literature review about the changes in advertising from the rise of the internet and especially social networks. The method used in the section of our own was the case study with multiple units of analysis: Three advertising agencies that work with content management and monitoring of social networks. three techniques of data collection were applied: intensive direct observation in three advertising agencies, in-depth interviews with four advertising and documentation. From the description of the workplace, questioning respondents about the role of the advertising agency in the definition of communication strategies for their clients, training of professionals, the services offered, the customer relationship beyond the contemporary advertising market problems with the new media. The main result is that for the meaning of Facebook in professional practices, it is changes in the staff of agencies, ranging from the integration of a new professional, social media. To an adaptation of the functions already present in order to better serve customers that require the management of social networking sites. Change in customer service, relationship between client and agency, requiring this greater presence with your customer. Finally, a change in the understanding of practices focusing on the development of ads. / Esta tese versa sobre o universo dos profissionais publicit?rios brasileiros, com foco na cidade de Porto Alegre. Busca retratar o clima organizacional, cen?rio, din?micas de intera??o e interfer?ncias subjetivas destes a partir do advento das novas m?dias. Considera como refer?ncia o site de redes sociais Facebook. Parte-se, na pesquisa, da revis?o da literatura a respeito das mudan?as ocorridas na publicidade a partir do surgimento da internet e, em especial, das redes sociais. O m?todo utilizado na se??o de nossa autoria foi o estudo de caso com m?ltiplas unidades de an?lise: tr?s ag?ncias de publicidade que atuam com gerenciamento de conte?do e monitoramento de redes sociais. Foram aplicadas tr?s t?cnicas de coletas de dados: a observa??o direta intensiva em tr?s ag?ncias de publicidade, a entrevista em profundidade com quatro publicit?rios e a documenta??o. Partindo da descri??o do local de trabalho, questionou-se os entrevistados sobre o papel da ag?ncia de publicidade na defini??o das estrat?gias de comunica??o para os seus clientes, na forma??o dos profissionais, nos servi?os oferecidos, no relacionamento com o cliente, al?m dos problemas do mercado publicit?rio contempor?neo com a nova m?dia. O principal resultado ? que, relativamente ao significado do Facebook nas pr?ticas profissionais, trata-se de altera??o no quadro funcional das ag?ncias, envolvendo desde a integra??o de um novo profissional, social media, at? uma adapta??o das fun??es j? presentes no intuito de melhor atender os clientes que exigem o gerenciamento dos sites das redes sociais, altera??o no atendimento, relacionamento entre cliente e ag?ncia, exigindo desta maior presen?a junto a seu cliente. E, por fim, uma altera??o na compreens?o das pr?ticas com foco no desenvolvimento de an?ncios.

Les roches volcanogéniques de la Mine de Seival appartiennent à la Formation Hilário du Bassin de Camaquã, d’âge Néoprotérozoique. Cette zone contient six mines inactives avec diverses zones de prospection du cuivre et de l’argent. Les minéralisations semblent associées à un contrôle structural en régime cassant. La compréhension des transformations chimiques liées à l’hydrothermalisme et associées aux paléo-contraintes est assez méconnue dans la région. L'étude présentée fut basée sur l'obtention de mesures structurales pour comprendre les contraintes et leur cinématique dans la région, associée aux transformations chimiques des minéraux des phases magmatiques et hydrothermales de haute et basse températures. Fractures et les minéralisations montrent une direction principale N40-60°E/70-88°NW souvent associées à des veines de calcite. Les structures profondes de direction NW-SE et NE-SW étaient liées aux filons volcaniques, aux circulations de fluides hydrothermaux et aux minéralisations associées. Une modélisation thermodynamique utilisant les différentes phases minérales (magmatiques et hydrothermales) a permis d’estimer les températures de haute (tardi-magmatique) et basse (altération hydrothermale). L’albitisation (650 à 250°C) s’est produite en association avec une chloritisation (312 à 120°C). La déstabilisation des sulfures primaires (pyrite et chalcopyrite) dans les sulfures riches en cuivre (bornite-chalcocite) était associée à des interstratifiés de chlorite/smectite à des températures d'environ 250 à 50°C. Ces mêmes interstratifiés chlorite/smectite indiquent des zones riches en cuivre. Les événements plus tardifs (<150°C) souvent associés à la précipitation de barytine ont été étudiés par la chimie et les concentrations en Éléments Terres Rares de cette dernière. Cette étude montre que la source du baryum est liée au processus d'albitisation puis à l’oxydation des sulfures lors de circulation l'eau météoriques. / As rochas vulcanogênicas da Mina do Seival pertencem à Formação Hilário da Bacia do Camaquã, de idade Neoproterozoica. Esta área possui seis minas inativas e diversas zonas com prospectos de cobre e prata. As mineralizações foram associadas ao controle estrutural em regime rúptil. O entendimento das transformações químicas relacionadas ao hidrotermalismo e associadas ao paleostresse é pouco conhecida na região. O estudo apresentado foi baseado na obtenção de medidas estruturais para entender os esforços e sua cinemática na região, associadas às transformações químicas dos minerais das fases magmática e hidrotermal de alta e baixa temperaturas. Fraturas e mineralizações tem uma direção principal N40–60°E/70–88°NW associadas a veios de calcita. As estruturas profundas de direção NW-SE e NE-SW foram relacionadas aos filões vulcânicos, a circulação de fluidos e as mineralizações associadas. Uma modelagem termodinâmica utilizando diferentes fases minerais (magmática e hidrotermal) permitiu estimar as altas (tardi–magmática) e baixas (alteração hidrotermal) temperaturas. A albitização (650 a 250°C) ocorreu associada à cloritização (312 a 120°C). A desestabilização dos sulfetos primários (pirita e calcopirita) em sulfetos ricos em cobre (bornita–calcocita) foi associada aos interestratificados de clorita/esmectita com temperaturas em torno de ~250 a 50°C. Esses interestratificados de clorita/esmectita indica zonas ricas em cobre. Os eventos posteriores (<150°C) frequentemente associados à precipitação de barita foram estudados através da química mineral e concentrações de Elementos Terras Raras. Este estudo mostrou que a fonte de bário está relacionada ao processo de albitização e posterior desestabilização de sulfetos durante a circulação de água meteórica.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:41:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 447617.pdf: 753402 bytes, checksum: 4308f96fc1939da359f7f1dc340ed28e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / The present work investigate the advertising practice by the eyes of the client service of an advertising agency with the objective of identifying characteristics, functions, profile, professional difficulties and its appliances at the advertising work. The research describes the logical production of the advertising market and how they reflect to the client services practice. To develop the present study was chosen the evidence of the advertising agency client service because this is the professional that starts and finish the advertising campaign production and pieces. The methodology of the research is inspired in the analyses of the speech to identify the present problem at the advertising practice through client service speech and others professionals of the advertising agency collected by two techniques: written diary and deep interview. The client service director is considered the management of the agency team starting the premise that its productions routines may interfere at the advertising quality process. By the analyzed speeches the research highlights that the treatment needs today an intense professional graduation because it became an agency area that s care of the qualified professionals to execute the work that is assigned. The contrary it is a department that tends to lose its space and professional recognition / O presente trabalho busca investigar a pr?tica publicit?ria, sob a perspectiva do profissional de atendimento de uma ag?ncia de propaganda, com o objetivo de identificar caracter?sticas, fun??es, perfil, problem?ticas da profiss?o e suas implica??es no processo publicit?rio. A pesquisa descreve as l?gicas de produ??o que circulam no mercado da propaganda e como elas se refletem na pr?tica do profissional de atendimento. Para desenvolver o presente estudo, optou-se por evidenciar o atendimento da ag?ncia de propaganda, pois ? este profissional que d? in?cio e fim ? produ??o de campanhas e a pe?as publicit?rias. Como metodologia, a pesquisa se inspira na An?lise de Discurso para identificar as problem?ticas presentes na pr?tica publicit?ria, atrav?s de discursos de atendimentos e profissionais de outras ?reas da ag?ncia de propaganda, coletados atrav?s de duas t?cnicas: escrita de di?rios e entrevistas em profundidade. Considera-se o profissional de atendimento um gestor da equipe da ag?ncia, partindo da premissa de que suas rotinas de produ??o podem interferir na qualidade do processo publicit?rio. A partir dos discursos analisados, a pesquisa destaca que o atendimento necessita, hoje, de uma intensa forma??o profissional, pois se tornou uma ?rea da ag?ncia carente de profissionais qualificados para exercer as tarefas que lhe s?o atribu?das. Aqueles profissionais que reconhecerem sua import?ncia no processo e se qualificarem para isso possuem um futuro promissor no mercado. Do contr?rio, ? um departamento que tende a perder seu espa?o e seu reconhecimento profissional

No presente trabalho estudou-se uma nova rota para obter nanopartículas de prata e silício aleatoriamente dispersas em uma matriz nanoporosa de nanotubos de óxido de alumínio sobre alumínio. Além disso, estudou-se a aplicação deste novo material como ânodo em células a combustível alcalinas com etanol como combustível, usando a prata como catalisador na eletroxidação do etanol e da produção de H2. O processo proposto consiste na solidificação rápida mediante melt spinner de uma liga de alumínio-prata rica em alumínio (95.25% em peso de alumínio) para obter uma solução sólida supersaturada. Posteriormente foi feita uma anodização porosa em ácido oxálico e estudo eletroquímico em meio alcalino por meia hora. A morfologia da liga obtida foi caracterizada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, Difração de Raios-X, Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão equipado com Espectrometria de Raios X Dispersiva em Energia e avaliado o desempenho como ânodo mediante ensaios de voltametria cíclica Os resultados obtidos confirmam que o desenvolvimento de um novo processo para produzir nanopartículas cristalinas de prata com um tamanho que varia de 4 a 120 nm, com 95% delas entre 4 e 87 nm. A partir dos estudos eletroquímicos concluiu-se que a liga de Al-Ag produzida exibe um comportamento semelhante ao alumínio puro em NaOH 0.1 M e NaOH 0.1 M com 1 M de etanol. A reação entre o alumínio e o meio alcalino produz uma camada de hidrogênio que impede que a prata catalise a eletroxidação do etanol. Portanto, conclui-se que a liga de alumínio-prata produzida não é um material viável como ânodo em células a combustível alcalinas de etanol direto. Portanto, foi avaliado o método de produção de nanopartículas para uma liga Al-Si eutética (14.2% em peso). Esta liga com nanopartículas de silício apresentou um incremento no desempenho na produção de H2 de 17% comparado à liga Al-Si eutética sem o tratamento térmico. / In the present work a new route to obtain silver nanoparticles randomly dispersed in a porous Al2O3 nanotube matrix layer on aluminum was studied. Moreover, the use as an anode in alkaline fuel cells (AFC) with ethanol as combustible was studied, using the prepared surfaces as a catalyzer for the electrooxidation of ethanol. The developed process consists of the rapid solidification (quenching) through melt spinning of an aluminum-silver alloy (92.25 %wt. Al) to obtain a supersaturated solid solution, followed by a porous anodization in oxalic acid and electrochemical treatment in alkaline medium. The morphology of the alloy was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X. Ray Spectrometry and the performance of the ethanol electrooxidation was tested though cyclic voltammetry The obtained results confirm that this process produces crystalline silver nanoparticles with a size varying from 4 to 120 nm with 95% of the particles between 4 and 87 nm. The electrochemical study showed that the produced alloy exhibits a similar behavior to that of pure aluminum in the tested mediums. The reaction between the aluminum and the alkaline medium produces a gaseous hydrogen layer that impedes the catalytic action of silver on the ethanol oxidation. Moreover, it was concluded that the produced alloy is not a viable material for the use as anode for direct ethanol AFCs. Therefore, the nanoparticle production method was tested for an Al-Si near-eutectic alloy (14.2 %wt.). This alloy with silicon nanoparticles showed an increase in the performance of H2 production rate of 17% compared to that of the regular Al-Si near-eutectic alloy.

Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objectif d’identifier entre le second Âge du Fer et le haut Moyen Âge les occupations et les activités humaines d’un territoire de marge aux confins des cités arvernes, vellaves et ségusiaves, le Livradois-Forez, puis d’apporter des éléments de réflexion sur leur intégration régionale. Elle est menée dans une perspective dynamique, diachronique et systémique. Cette approche d’archéologie du paysage met au centre des préoccupations les relations entre les sociétés et leur milieu, et tout particulièrement l’économie. Cette recherche est volontairement à la croisée de l’archéologie et des sciences de l’environnement afin de mieux cerner le milieu dans lequel les sociétés passées ont évolué et les éventuelles influences humaines sur celui-ci, mais aussi d’identifier les processus socio-économiques et culturels. Cette recherche a nécessité une approche en trois étapes : intégrer les travaux et les synthèses développés dans le cadre de programmes de recherche auxquels je participe ; établir une synthèse des données archéologiques ; acquérir de nouvelles données par des prospections archéologiques et des analyses des macrorestes végétaux en milieu tourbeux. L’utilisation de quatre fenêtres d’études, reflet des différentes entités paysagères, a été privilégiée. Autant qu’il fut possible, chaque fenêtre comportait des prospections archéologiques et des données paléoenvironnementales. Le croisement des données archéologiques, paléoécologiques, géoarchéologiques et l’utilisation d’un SIG ont permis d’identifier une hétérogénéité du développement qu’il faut replacer dans deux cycles économiques : le premier du second Âge du Fer au Haut-Empire, le second du Bas-Empire au haut Moyen Âge. Pour chaque cycle, les occupations humaines et les mises en valeur du milieu reflètent des stratégies et des choix socio-économiques : le relief et son climat, les ressources disponibles (agricoles mais aussi vraisemblablement le bois et la présence de minerai), la proximité de voies de communication, de bassins de peuplement importants et des différents centres des trois cités. Chaque nouvelle étape dans la mise en valeur des terroirs est accompagnée par une hausse de l’érosion, la mise en place de tourbières et de modifications dans le fonctionnement des tourbières plus anciennes. Enfin, cet espace semble être intégré à l’économie régionale. / The purpose of this thesis is to identify human occupation and exploitation of the environment of marginal territories in the Livradois-Forez, which include the cities of Arverne, Segusiave, and Vellave, and to investigate the regional integration of these localities from the second Iron Age to the Early Middle Age. This thesis is conducted from a dynamic, diachronic, and systemic perspective, and utilizes a landscape archaeology approach to explore the relations between societies, in particular their economies, and the environment. The research presented crosses archaeology and the environmental sciences in order to increase knowledge of the setting in which these societies evolved and the possible human influences on it, but it also identifies social-economic and cultural processes. The completion of this project required three stages: first, the integration of research and syntheses developed from research programs in which I collaborated; second, the synthesis of the archaeological data; third, the acquisition of new data through archaeological field surveys and through the analysis of plant macrofossils from peatlands. Four sectors that reflect key components of the landscape have been used. As far as possible, research in each sector included archaeological surveys and paleoenvironmental research. Interdisciplinary archaeological, paleoecological, and geoarchaeological studies, combined with GIS, exhibit a heterogenous development that can be seen in two economic cycles: the first, from the Second Iron Age to the High Roman Empire; the second, from the Late Roman Empire to the Early Middle Age. For each economic cycle, human land use and the exploitation of the environment reflect strategies and social-economic choices driven by topography, climate, and available resources (particularly agricultural resources, but also the presence of wood and ore). The proximity of routes of communication reflects important pools of population and the centers of the three cities. Each stage of environmental exploitation is marked by an increase of erosion, peat initiation, and changes in the use of the oldest peatland. Finally, this border area seems to be integrated into the regional economy