Orientador: Renato Peixoto Dagnino / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T12:05:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Serafim_MilenaPavan_D.pdf: 3212080 bytes, checksum: fe967c66174177579a4483529dbabb0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho analisa a coerência entre o discurso e as ações implementadas no âmbito governamental relativos à agricultura familiar na última década no Brasil, focando dois níveis: um macro, das políticas públicas nacionais, e um meso (institucional), relativo aos programas institucionais de pesquisa da EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária). Apesar desses programas institucionais fazerem parte das políticas públicas nacionais, a decisão de tratá-los em separado e realizar a análise em dois níveis deveu-se à especificidade que um programa de pesquisa relativo à agricultura familiar requer. Mais do que um visão interpretativa do tema, este trabalho busca contribuir com os ?Estudos sobre perspectivas da agricultura familiar?,destacando a dimensão cognitiva, enquanto um fator de sustentabilidade dos agricultores familiares no atual contexto de intenso processo de modernização da sociedade, de um modo geral, e do setor agrícola, em particular. Apoiando-se em dois referenciais teórico-metodológicos - a Análise de Política e os estudos de organizações - o trabalho identifica as características e tendências prevalentes nesses dois níveis. Por meio da reconstituição da trajetória das políticas federais e das ações da EMBRAPA, focando, sobretudo, no período mais recente (anos 2000), foi possível identificar algumas dinâmicas interessantes. No nível das políticas federais, observou-se um descompasso no que se refere ao grau de radicalidade das propostas. Aliado a isso, notou-se a prevalência de um discurso ?plural? e de uma ação mais moderada, pautada em ?soluções de compromisso?. No nível institucional, observou-se que a política proposta (federal e institucional) foi fortemente rechaçada pelo grupo hegemônico. Notou-se, também, a prevalência de um discurso conservador e desarticulador de grupos pró-agricultura familiar e de uma ação conservadora, tímida e pouco expressiva frente à demanda. Além disso, fica claro a tentativa de obscurecer o conflito entre agricultura familiar e agronegócio. O trabalho conclui que, embora tenha sido tímida a mudança no plano federal frente à demanda, seria esperado que ela tivesse induzido algum grau de transformação mais significativo na agenda de pesquisa da EMBRAPA, o que não foi verificado de forma significativa / Abstract: This thesis analyzes the coherence between the discourse and the actions implemented within the government relating to small family farming in the last decade in Brazil, focusing on two levels: a macro, that of national public policies, and a meso, or institutional, concerning institutional research programmes of EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation). Despite the fact that these institutional programmes are part of the national public policies, the decision to treat them separately and perform the analysis on two levels was due to the specificities of programmes related to small family farming. More than being another interpretative view of the subject, this thesis seeks to contribute to the "studies on the prospects of small family farming," stressing the cognitive dimension as a factor supporting the farmers in the current context of intense modernization. Building on two theoretical and methodological approaches (Policy Analysis and organizational studies) the thesis identifies the characteristics and trends prevalent in these two levels. Through the reconstruction of the trajectory of federal policies and actions of EMBRAPA, focusing mainly on the most recent period (year 2000), it was possible to identify some interesting dynamics. At the level of federal policy, there was a mismatch with regard to the degree of radicalism of proposals. Allied to this, it was noted the prevalence of a "plural" discourse and a more moderate course of action, based on compromises. At the institutional level, it was observed that the proposed policy (federal and institutional) was strongly rejected by the hegemonic group. It was noted, also, the prevalence of an inarticulate and conservative discourse. Moreover, the attempt to dampen the conflict between small family farming and agribusiness is clear. The thesis concludes that although the change was very small at the federal level in terms of needs, one would expect it to have induced some significant changes in the research agenda of EMBRAPA, which was not observed / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Brochures are often used to disseminate information to disadvantaged communities. This study attempts to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of information brochures developed by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) for development communication among developing communities on guidelines on how to grow Bambara groundnut and the cultivation of maize in a South African development context. The main objectives of the study were to establish the target audience’s comprehension, usability and effectiveness of the selected pamphlets. The study also attempted to examine the influence of the demographic and socio-economic factors on the effective communication of information. Usability here refers to the extent to which communication materials such as information pamphlets can be used by specific users to achieve specific goals namely effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context. This study’s main focus is on the distinguishing characteristics of reader focus text evaluation method as outlined in Schriver (1989). Reader focus text evaluation method was used to evaluate the usability of pamphlets in the research conducted among small-scale farmers of Tibane and Kordon at Ga-Matlala district in the Limpopo Province The two pamphlets were evaluated with the intention to establish whether the users understood the contents and whether the message was effectively communicated or not. The findings of the study indicate that the information disseminated by the ARC agricultural pamphlets is not effectively communicated because of the language and the arrangement of pictures or frames used in the pamphlets, which confused most illiterate participants. This ineffective dissemination of development information in rural communities needs to be revised to ensure its effectiveness. / Dissertation (MA (Development Communication))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Information Science / MA / unrestricted

Agricultural research is susceptible to research deterioration due to biological, climatic, and economic forces. Research deteriorates as the base conditions it addresses change which leaves the resulting information or technology less effective, efficient, productive, and/or relevant. Maintenance research targets deterioration in an attempt to prevent any loss of previous gains. Maintenance research is in contrast to productivity enhancing research which attempts to increase efficiency or productivity beyond previously attained thresholds. In 1986, Adusei and Norton conducted a survey of agricultural scientists across the United States to measure the amount of commodity based agricultural research devoted to maintenance research (1990). They discovered roughly 35% of all agricultural research related to commodities was spent on maintenance research. A follow-up survey was conducted in 2008 to see if the proportion of maintenance research engaged in agricultural research had risen. In this survey, the amount of maintenance research in non-commodity based agricultural research was also measured. The percentage of agricultural commodity research engaged in maintenance research was found to have risen to roughly 41%. In contrast, the percentage of maintenance research in agricultural non-commodity research was found to be roughly 29%. An empirical model was developed to explain maintenance research expenditures. Agricultural research funding, climatic conditions, land degradation, pest and pathogen control, and agricultural production were thought to influence maintenance research expenditures. From these five categories, seven representative variables were included in the model. The model found each category except land degradation to have a statistically significant impact on maintenance research expenditures. / Master of Science

In a world of imbalance, food consumption exhibits great diversity among regions and countries. Although farmers in developed economies benefit from up-to-date agricultural technology and produce much more than they consume, households in the developing world are still combating food insecurity. This dissertation is composed of two manuscripts. One is about consumption in developing countries, while the other is related to promoting agricultural production in a developed economy. Chapter 1 applies a three-stage demand system to nationally representative household survey data to identify food demand behavior with an emphasis on food staples in two West Africa countries ‒ Niger and Nigeria. The third stage of the demand system offers demand elasticities of specific staple items. Instead of treating the population as a whole, the study distinguishes rural and urban households and households of different welfare status. Results confirm the complexity of the food and staples demand between rural/urban areas and among welfare quintiles. Therefore, researchers and policymakers should consider not only the average demand response but also its distribution among households. In addition to demand elasticities, the effects of household demographic characteristics on the structure of food consumption are also obtained. Chapter 2 estimates the rates of return to Virginia's public expenditure on agricultural research and extension (RandE) during 1949-2016 and attempts to address the ad hoc model selection problem common in previous studies. Among the econometric modeling strategies in previous literature, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and Bayesian Hierarchical Model (BHM) are two promising methods to solve the issue of model uncertainty. The rate-of-return estimates by BHM are preferable because BHM imposes fewer restrictions on lag structures and offers more reasonable lag shapes. By BHM, the internal rates of return (IRR) of Virginia's public expenditures on agricultural RandE are 26% and 42%, respectively. Nineteen percent of Virginia's agricultural productivity growth during 1949-2016 results from its RandE investments, and the contribution of research to that growth is about twice of that of extension. One extra million dollar expenditure on research in 1992 would have brought a benefit of $4.5 million, and the same expenditure in 1983 would have brought $5.4 million in additional benefits. If the extra expenditure is spent on extension, it would have brought a benefit of $6.1 million and $6.3 million if the expenditure occurs in 1992 and 1983, respectively. Besides the modeling strategy, this study is distinguished from previous studies in that distributions of rates of return instead of only point estimates are obtained, which is missing in most studies. / Doctor of Philosophy / In a world of imbalance, food production and consumption exhibit great diversity among regions and countries. While farmers of developed economies benefit from up-todate agricultural technology and produce more than they consume, households in the developing world are still facing food insecurity. This dissertation is composed of two manuscripts. Chapter 1 is about food consumption in developing countries. It analyzes household food demand behavior in the two West Africa countries Niger and Nigeria with a focus on staple foods. Food demand behavior differs for rural and urban households and households of different income. Therefore, when evaluating the effects of policies and other impacts, policymakers and researchers should treat households with different attributes separately. Chapter 2 is on how to improve agricultural production within the context of a developed economy: it evaluates the returns to public expenditures on agricultural research and extension (R&E) in Virginia. Previous studies choose statistical models arbitrarily, and this study attempts to address this issue. It finds that Virginia’s investments in agricultural R&E contribute to nineteen percent of the productivity growth in 1949-2016, and the contribution of research is about twice of that of extension.

Submitted by LUCIANA NEVES CARVALHO (lucial_carvalho@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-11-18T18:31:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC 18.11 com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1795687 bytes, checksum: 86f32ed2f396632c9317b9c7db2d52ff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fabiana da Silva Segura (fabiana.segura@fgv.br) on 2016-11-18T20:50:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC 18.11 com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1795687 bytes, checksum: 86f32ed2f396632c9317b9c7db2d52ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-21T12:14:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC 18.11 com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1795687 bytes, checksum: 86f32ed2f396632c9317b9c7db2d52ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-26 / The agrarian activity has been playing a major role in Brazil's economic growth for many years and as a consequence the country is one of the largest exporters of agricultural products. The National Agricultural Research System (NARS) is an important instrument that contributes to the positive result; however, it is currently fragile due to absence of coordination and cooperation between the actors, in addition to the reduction of resources. In this context the Centre for Strategic Studies and Management (CGEE) has proposed an alternative arrangement for agricultural research which includes a platform organization that will enable articulation, alignment and synergy between the actors involved in the agricultural research process and innovation in the Country in the medium and long term. The objective of this study was to present a proposal to be implemented, in the short term, in order to achieve the model formulated by the CGEE. A case study on the NARS was performed through a brief theoretical review of concepts relevant to the needs of analysis of the System. The main events of the NARS trajectory that occurred between 1972 and 2015 were described in order to understand its functioning and dynamics. The analysis of the System was conducted through articles, books and theses review and, in particular, through interviews conducted with different actors representing the System: academics, managers and contributors of the State Agricultural Research Organizations (OEPAs), leaders of representative councils, public officials and representatives of the private sector. We found that, in order to be possible in the short term, an institution that held a major role in the NARS should implement the model, and that already had legal, technical and operational capacity mechanisms required to validate and implement the new model. There was also the need for institutional and organizational innovations of the System, especially to meet the producers and society demands. Ultimately, one of the most relevant findings is that the effectiveness of the new arrangement will only occur if the involved institutions and actors recognize each other as co-authors, be proactive and realize their roles and responsibilities. / A agropecuária há muitos anos vem desempenhando um papel de grande relevância para o crescimento econômico brasileiro, possibilitando ao país ser um dos maiores exportadores mundiais de produtos agrícolas. Uma importante estrutura que contribui para este resultado positivo é o Sistema Nacional de Pesquisa Agropecuária (SNPA), que atualmente se encontra fragilizado devido à falta de coordenação e cooperação entre os atores, além da redução de recursos. Neste contexto, o Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos (CGEE), propôs uma alternativa de arranjo para a pesquisa agropecuária, que compreende a estruturação, no médio e longo prazo, de uma plataforma, que possibilitará a articulação, alinhamento e sinergia entre os atores envolvidos no processo de pesquisa e inovação para a agricultura do País. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar uma proposta de implementação, no curto prazo, para se alcançar o modelo formulado pelo CGEE. Realizamos um estudo de caso sobre o SNPA, por meio de uma breve revisão bibliográfica de conceitos pertinentes às necessidades de análise do Sistema. Descrevemos os principais eventos da trajetória do SNPA ocorridos entre 1972 e 2015 para entender seu funcionamento e sua dinâmica. A análise do Sistema foi realizada por meio do estudo de artigos, livros e teses sobre o caso e, em especial, por meio das entrevistas efetuadas com diferentes atores que representam o Sistema: acadêmicos, dirigentes e colaboradores das Organizações Estaduais de Pesquisa Agropecuária (OEPAs), dirigentes dos conselhos de representação, gestores públicos e representantes do setor privado. Constatamos que a implementação do modelo, para ser factível no curto prazo, deveria ser realizada por uma instituição que ocupasse papel preponderante no SNPA e que já dispusesse de mecanismos legais e de capacidade técnico-operacional necessários à validação e à execução do novo modelo. Foi possível identificar também a necessidade de inovações institucionais e organizacionais do Sistema, principalmente para atender às demandas dos produtores e da sociedade. Por fim, uma das mais relevantes constatações é a de que: a efetividade do novo arranjo só ocorrerá se as instituições e atores envolvidos se reconhecerem como coautores, tiverem proatividade e perceberem seu papel e suas responsabilidades.

There are three different uses of the term 'information' in ordinary language: in the restricted sense, it means diverse types of material objects, such as data or documents ('information as thing'); alternatively, the term is used as in reference to the act of informing or becoming informed ('information as process'), or to equate to knowledge ('information as knowledge'). Each of these connotations represents a legitimate view of information in its own right, being equally significant to information-intensive organisations. The literature lacks studies that approach information from an integrative viewpoint, however. The purpose of this study was to explore and develop the notion of 'information governance' as an integrative, systemic approach to information in the context of research organisations. Soft Systems Methodology was used in a case study involving the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation. Qualitative data was gathered through in-depth interviews with researchers and information/knowledge managers, followed by a thematic, two-level analysis. From a 'macro level' of analysis (the wider Brazilian agricultural research system) it was found that, to solve increasingly complex research problems, collaborative, multidisciplinary networking is needed. On the other hand, competitive forces are continuously emanating from the systems of research steering, funds and resources' allocation, quality control, and recognition and reward. This conflict inhibits the collaborative sharing of 'information as thing' and 'as knowledge', disturbs internal communication flows and contributes to low levels of synergy and cross-departmental partnerships, ultimately affecting research outcomes. At a 'meso level' (the local practices and culture of agricultural knowledge production), different epistemic cultures were identified (named in vitro, in situ and in silico research), which respond differently to the opposing forces of collaboration and competition. Based on a deep understanding of the agricultural research system and underlying epistemic cultures, a framework for effective governance of information was developed. Action to improve the governance of information at Embrapa would involve nurturing an information culture that supports collaborative work. Given that interactions between researchers are determined by their individual pursuits and struggles, this would require a change in the corporate system of performance evaluation and reward, according to the different epistemic cultures.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2645.pdf: 637881 bytes, checksum: 4aec1fbbf1c340b1dfb6372e58408184 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The goal of this dissertation is to investigate as agroecology, alternative approach to agriculture characterized by socio-environmental concerns, becomes a prospect that internalises in public institutions of research devoted to agriculture. Analyzing the case of Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (Embrapa), which was historically linked to agricultural modernization in Brazil, the research aims to investigate what the conditions of insertion of the agroecology theme is how the process of legitimation of this. The research consisted of a case study on the institutional process of legitimization of agroecology in EMBRAPA. First, we analyze the official discourse of the company, the institutional position, defined in documents published on the subject. A second step of analysis aims to evaluate how this process is reflected in the level of daily practices of agents. For this, interviews were conducted with experts and researchers from Embrapa Meio Ambiente, located in Jaguariúna- SP. Understanding the Embrapa Meio Ambiente as a field of provisions in dispute, where the agents compete for the accumulation of specific, we show that the environmental issue, and particularly the discussion agroecology, introduce new elements and provide conflicting dynamics. The agroecological perspective takes a marginal seat, or dominated the field in relation to conventional farming, and thus the defenders of agroecology looking agents make use of various strategies, seeking state their views and their understanding of science. If on the one hand social movements seeking intervention in the company entering new perspectives on the other hand, the institution makes use of a series of devices to accommodate new practices to their routines. / O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em investigar como a agroecologia, abordagem alternativa de agricultura caracterizada por preocupações sócio-ambientais, passa a ser uma perspectiva que se internaliza em instituições públicas de pesquisa voltadas ao setor agropecuário. Analisando o caso da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), que historicamente esteve vinculada à modernização agrícola no Brasil, a pesquisa pretende investigar quais as condições da inserção da temática da agroecologia e como se dá o processo de legitimação desta perspectiva. A pesquisa consistiu em um estudo de caso sobre o processo de legitimação institucional da agroecologia na EMBRAPA. Num primeiro momento, analisamos o discurso oficial da empresa, a posição institucional, definida nos documentos publicados, relativa ao tema. Um segundo passo da análise buscou verificar como esse processo se traduz no nível das práticas cotidianas dos agentes. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com técnicos e pesquisadores da unidade descentralizada Embrapa Meio Ambiente, localizada em Jaguariúna-SP. Entendendo a Embrapa Meio Ambiente como um campo de disposições em disputa, onde os agentes concorrem para a acumulação de capital específico, mostramos que a temática ambiental e, em especial, o debate agroecológico, introduzem elementos novos e estabelecem dinâmicas conflitivas. A perspectiva agroecológica toma um lugar marginal, ou dominado no campo, em relação à agricultura convencional e, assim, os agentes defensores da agroecologia procuram lançar mão de diversas estratégias, buscando afirmar seu ponto de vista e seu entendimento de ciência. Se por um lado os movimentos sociais buscam intervir na empresa inserindo novas perspectivas, por outro, a instituição lança mão de uma série de dispositivos para acomodar novas práticas às suas rotinas.

Orientador: Andre Tosi Furtado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T03:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hasegawa_Mirian_D.pdf: 7588902 bytes, checksum: f59b506904d187da639c7f7b681548e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A proposta desta tese é desenvolver uma metodologia de avaliação de impactos de programas de P &O que incorpore a análise das capacitações e dos spinoffs - resultados que não eram previstos nos objetivos do programa. A metodologia desenvolvida é aplicada em um programa de P &D de um instituto de pesquisa agrícola: o Programa de melhoramento genético da cana-de-açúcar do Instituto Agronômico (PROCANA). O intuito é contribuir para a compreensão do processo de transformação dos conhecimentos e capacitações (gerados nos programas de P&D) em resultados econômicos. O resultado mais claro da P&D é a inovação diretamente relacionada aos objetivos iniciais do programa, cuja difusão gera muitos impactos econômicos. O resultado mais "obscuro", mas não menos importante, da P&D é a aplicação das capacitações e dos conhecimentos gerados e aprendidos durante o programa para equacionar outros objetivos (externos ao escopo do programa). Estes produtos obscuros, que constituem os resultados indiretos da pesquisa, geram relevantes impactos econômicos, os quais podem e devem ser mensurados para que se possa avaliar a real importância do investimento em P&D. A metodologia de avaliação aqui proposta é composta de um conjunto de três metodologias. Duas delas são desenvolvidas na tese: uma para identificar e mensurar a criação ou aprofundamento de capacitações nos participantes de um programa de P&O, e outra para mapear os fluxos e transformações do conhecimento durante a execução de tal programa e os spinoffs gerados nesse processo. Ademais, os impactos econômicos do programa são quantificados através da metodologia criada pelo Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Apliquée (BETA). As três metodologias são complementares e se interligam formando uma ferramenta capaz de avaliar os impactos econômicos do programa de P&O, as capacitações criadas e o processo de geração dos spinoffs. A aplicação dessa ferramenta ao PROCANA mostrou que este programa gerou impactos bastante altos tanto na criação de capacitações quanto na parte econômica. O PROCANA foi responsável pela criação de seis spinoffs, os quais geraram um impacto econômico 51 vezes maior que o impacto econômico da inovação principal. A metodologia desenvolvida foi capaz de criar a ponte entre competências e resultado econômico, de tal forma que foi possível indicar quanto do impacto econômico foi devido às capacitações geradas pelo programa. O mapeamento das conversões do conhecimento na criação dos spinoffs lançou algumas luzes sobre os fatores que contribuem para o surgimento desse fenômeno. A proximidade do instituto de pesquisa (IAC) com os usuários da sua tecnologia foi o principal fator gerador do impulso inicial para a criação dos spinoffs. Outro aspecto que pôde ser observado é que os spinoffs são, sobretudo, novas combinações de conhecimentos já existentes no programa e não a criação de novos conhecimentos. Foi importante também a estratégia do PROCANA de aproveitar as suas capacitações para responder às oportunidades apresentadas pela demanda e, dessa forma, encontrar novas fontes de financiamento / Abstract: This thesis aims at developing a methodology for evaluation of the impacts of R&D programs. This methodology incorporates the analysis of capabilities and spinoffs - results that were not predicted in the objectives of the program. The methodology is applied to an R&D program executed by an agricultural research institute: the sugar-cane breeding program of the Agronomic Institute (PROCANA). The objective is to contribute to the understanding of the transformation of knowledge and capabilities (generated inside R&D programs) into economics results. The clearest result of R&D is the innovation directly related to the initial objectives of the project and whose diffusion generates several economic impacts. The most "obscure" result of R&D (but not less important) is the application of the capabilities and knowledge created and learned during the program to solve other problems (which are external to the scope of the program). These "obscure" products constitute the indirect results of the research. They generate relevant economic impacts, which, in turn, can and must be measured in order to assess the real importance of the investment in R&D. The proposed methodology of evaluation is made of a set of three methodologies. Two of them are developed in the thesis: one to identify and measure the creation or deepening of capabilities among the participants of an R&D program, and the other to map the flow and the transformation of knowledge during the execution of such a program, and also the spinoffs generated in this process. Moreover, the economic impacts of the program are quantified by using the methodology created by the Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Apliquée (BETA) from the University of Strasbourg. The three methodologies are complementary and have links among themselves. Together they form a tool that is able to assess the economic impacts of an R&D program, the capabilities created and the process of generation of spinoffs. The application of this tool to the PROCANA demonstrated that this program generated important impacts, both in the creation of capabilities and in the economic results. The PROCANA was responsible for the creation of six spinoffs, which generated an economic impact that was 51 times larger than the one due to the major innovation. The methodology here developed was able to create the link between competences and economic result, in such way that it was possible to show how much of the economic impact was due to the capabilities generated by the program. The mapping of the knowledge conversion during the process of spinoffs creation shed lights on the factors that contribute to this process. The proximity of the IAC research institute with the users of its technology was the main factor behind the initial impulse for the creation of the spinoffs. Other aspect that could be observed was that the spinoffs are mainly new combinations of knowledge that already existed inside the program, and not the creation of new knowledge. Also important was the PROCANA's strategy of exploiting its capabilities to respond to the opportunities introduced by the market, 50 that it could find new funding sources / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Marko Synésio Alves Monteiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T01:34:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_JeanCarlosFerreirados_M.pdf: 1558418 bytes, checksum: 9a7f0d7e80167344d00258ecd5bf5f41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O Movimento Open Access é um conjunto de iniciativas mundiais que busca tornar gratuito o acesso à literatura científica revisada por pares por meio de periódicos e repositórios disponibilizados na internet. O presente estudo objetivou analisar as práticas associadas à comunicação científica e como elas se relacionam com a proposta do Movimento Open Access. Tomou-se como referência a compreensão de cientistas brasileiros da área de Ciências Agrárias sobre a publicação em acesso aberto, buscando-se estabelecer uma reflexão acerca dos elementos envolvidos nas práticas de publicação desses pesquisadores, tais como os fatores envolvidos na seleção dos veículos para a comunicação dos resultados de pesquisa. Analisaram-se os princípios do Movimento Open Access, destacando-se o papel da comunicação na ciência e sua relação com a aquisição do reconhecimento social e com o sistema de distribuição de recompensas entre os cientistas. Foram discutidos os principais fatores associados ao surgimento desse movimento, quais sejam: a insatisfação dos cientistas e das instituições de pesquisa com o aumento dos preços das assinaturas de periódicos oferecidos por editoras científicas comerciais e o surgimento de novos formatos de publicação possibilitados pelas tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Em seguida, analisou-se o acesso aberto no Brasil, elencando as principais iniciativas existentes, suas características e os atores institucionais envolvidos com sua implantação. Por fim, analisou-se, a partir de entrevistas, a compreensão dos pesquisadores das Ciências Agrárias sobre a publicação científica em acesso aberto. As conclusões do estudo apontam para limitações das escolhas de publicação dos pesquisadores em torno de periódicos de prestígio e de alto Fator de Impacto. Tais escolhas se dão influenciadas pela valorização dessas publicações nas avaliações científicas realizadas pelas principais agências de fomento à pesquisa do país, o que representa uma barreira substancial para os pesquisadores publicarem em periódicos de acesso aberto que não se enquadram nessas especificações. Ademais, os resultados evidenciaram que os órgãos que operam o sistema de avaliação científica e de recompensas têm um importante papel na modificação ou permanência de práticas de publicação consagradas, assim como na aceitação do acesso aberto entre os pesquisadores / Abstract: The Open Access Movement is a set of global initiatives that seek to provide free access to peerreviewed scientific literature through journals and repositories available on the internet. This study aimed to analyze the practices associated with scientific communication and how they relate to the proposals of the Open Access Movement. We took as a reference the comprehension of some Brazilian scientists in the field of Agricultural Sciences on the open access publication, seeking to establish a reflection on the elements involved in the publishing practices of these researchers, such as the criteria involved in the selection of vehicles for the communication of the research results. We analyzed the principles of the Open Access Movement, emphasizing the role of communication in science and its relation to the acquisition of social recognition and to the system of distribution of rewards among scientists. We discussed the key events associated with the emergence of this movement, which are: the dissatisfaction of scientists and research institutions with the increasing prices of journal subscriptions offered by commercial scientific publishers and the emergence of new publication formats made possible by information and communication technologies. Then, we analyzed the open access in Brazil, listing the major existing initiatives, their characteristics and the institutional actors involved in its implementation. Finally, we analyzed, through interviews, the understanding of researchers in the field of Agricultural Sciences on open access scientific publication. The results of our study point to limitations in the choices of researchers around prestigious and high impact factor journals. Such choices are influenced by the value given to these publications in the scientific evaluations conducted by the major research funding agencies in the country, which represents a substantial barrier for researchers to publish in open access journals that do not fit these specifications. Moreover, the results showed that the agencies which operate the system of scientific evaluation and rewards play an important role in the modification or permanence of established publication practices as well as for the acceptance of open access by researchers / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

The chosen project originated as a response to humanity’s need to eat, and the agricultural processes necessary to feed the global population. The proposed solution will investigate the connection of physically and meta-physically dissociated elements, in order to create responsive architecture. The aim is to steer away from a mono-functional building and design typologies and to strive towards creating architecture that will address the needs of the public. The chosen project investigates future and current solutions for the production of food in urban environments. The scales of investigation range from microscopic research to the implementation and monitoring of skills transferred into the community. The proposed facility is thus composed out of various different programs, each with its own specific requirements. The composition can broadly be divided into scientific research facilities, a greenhouse complex and a public exhibition centre. It is unnecessary for the pragmatic and complex nature of the building to undermine the spatial expression. In the proposed facility, pragmatic limitations informed the design process, but did not govern the outcome. Instead, the limitations fuelled alternative problem solving, which in turn produced creative solutions. Thus, the building accepts that it is pragmatic in program, and compensates accordingly in order to create inviting spaces for people using the facility on an everyday basis. Copyright / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted