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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

Constituintes de ceras cuticulares de espécies de Croton L. / Constituents of cuticular waxes from Croton L. species

Bruna Silvestroni Pimentel 14 November 2014 (has links)
O gênero Croton possui aproximadamente 1300 espécies amplamente distribuídas em zonas tropicais e subtropicais do novo e velho mundo e é o segundo maior gênero de Euphorbiaceae. No presente trabalho, foram analisadas a composição e a morfologia das ceras foliares cuticulares de 13 espécies de Croton. Para a maioria das espécies, foram amostrados três indivíduos. A morfologia das ceras foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Diversos tipos de depósitos cerosos foram observados (amorfos, plaquetas, grânulos), principalmente na face adaxial e caracterizando grupos de espécies. A observação dos padrões de depósitos cerosos de várias espécies foi prejudicada na face abaxial, devido à alta densidade de tricomas. As ceras foram extraídas por três imersões consecutivas das folhas em diclorometano e a separação das classes dos constituintes foi feita por cromatografia em camada delgada preparativa. A análise da distribuição dos constituintes foi realizada por cromatografia a gás acoplada a espectrometria de massas. n-Alcanos e álcoois primários foram detectados em todos os indivíduos analisados. Triterpenos também são muito comuns, não tendo sido detectados em apenas uma espécie. Os esteroides são constituintes raros nas espécies analisadas. Os resultados da distribuição de n-alcanos, álcoois primários e triterpenos foram utilizados para o estabelecimento de afinidades químicas por meio de análises de agrupamento pelo método UPGMA, empregando-se distâncias euclidianas (n-alcanos e álcoois) e coeficiente de DICE (triterpenos), baseando-se na distribuição de cada classe de constituinte isoladamente e combinando-se as distribuições de n-alcanos e álcoois primários. Não se notou congruência entre as topologias dos dendrogramas de afinidades químicas e a filogenia molecular do gênero. Observou-se coerência entre algumas afinidades químicas e características morfológicas, como tipos de tricomas foliares e presença de glândulas peciolares. A distribuição de n-alcanos, álcoois primários e triterpenos mostraram-se úteis como caracteres da maioria das espécies analisadas. Entre os constituintes analisados, distribuição de álcoois primários revelou-se o melhor marcador para a caracterização de espécies. A variação intraespecífica, no entanto, impede que esses caracteres sejam úteis como marcadores taxonômicos de algumas espécies de Croton / Croton comprises nearly 1300 species distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of either the New or Old Worlds, making up the largest genus of Euphorbiaceae. In the present work, the chemical composition and the morphology of the foliar cuticular waxes of 13 species of Croton were analized. Three individuals were sampled for analyses of most species. The morphology of the waxes was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Several types of wax deposits were observed (amorph, platlets, granules), chiefly on the adaxial side, characterizing groups of species. The observation of wax deposits on the abaxial side was hampered in several species due to the high density of trichomes. The cuticular wax was extracted by three successive immersions of the leaves in dichloromethane, and the separation of the constituent classes was achieved by preparative thin layer chromatography. The analyses of the distribution of the constituents were performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. n-Alkanes and primary alcohols were detected in all analyzed individuals. Triterpenes were also very common, having not been detected in only one species. Steroids are rare constituents in the analyzed species. The results of the distribution of n-alkanes, primary alcohols and triterpenes were used for the establishment of chemical affinities using cluster analysis by the UPGMA method and Euclidean distances (n-alkanes and alcohols) and DICE coefficient, based on the distribution of each constituent class alone and combining the distribution of n-alkanes and primary alcohols. No congruence was noted between the topologies of the dendrograms of chemical affinity and the molecular phylogeny of the genus. Coherence was observed between chemical affinities and morphologic characteristics, such as types of foliar trichomes and petiolar glands. The distribution of n-alkanes, primary alcohols and triterpenes were shown to be useful as characters for most analyzed species. Among the constituents analyzed, the distribution of primary alcohols was the best marker for species characterization. Intraspecific variation, however, precludes the use of these characters as taxonomic markers of some Croton species
212

Estudo da influência da configuração estrutural de compostos bimetálicos na oxidação de combustíveis utilizados em células a combustível /

Bortoloti, Francielle. January 2020 (has links)
Orientador: Antonio Carlos Dias Ângelo / Resumo: Com o intuito de ampliar as fontes de energia por meio de dispositivos eletroquímicos, as células a combustível, o desenvolvimento de eletrocatalisadores que sejam eficientes para a oxidação de combustíveis orgânicos, torna-se primordial. Porém, sabe-se que a eletrocátalise das reações de oxidação de combustíveis orgânicos é certamente, influenciada pelas características geométricas e eletrônicas do material anódico. O presente trabalho estudou a influência do ambiente químico do sítio de adsorção de PtSn sobre a atividade eletroquímica, frente à reação de oxidação de álcoois (etanol, etilenoglicol e glicerol) em meio alcalino. As nanopartículas de PtSn/C foram preparadas sob a configuração de intermetálico ordenado, liga metálica e core-shell suportados em carbono de alta área superficial e caracterizadas por Difração de Raios X, Energia Dispersiva de Raios X, Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão e Espectroscopia de Absorção de Raios X. Além disso, os materiais foram avaliados frente à reação de oxidação dos combustíveis pelas técnicas de voltametria cíclica e cronoamperometria. A partir dos resultados foram confirmadas a obtenção das estruturas cristalinas desejadas, na estequiometria 1:1, sendo ainda possível, verificar que o core-shell formado apresentou a configuração Sn@PtSn. O tamanho encontrado para os diferentes eletrocatalisadores PtSn/C, intermetálico ordenado e liga, foram de aproximadamente 2 nm, enquanto que para o core-shell foi o dobro. O material Sn@PtSn apr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for organic fuels oxidation reaction is a crucial issue to the application of environmentally friendly electrochemical devices as fuel cells. The electrocatalysis of organic fuels oxidation reactions is surely influenced by the geometric and electronic properties of the anode materials. This work presents the investigation on the influence of the chemical environment around the adsorption surface site in PtSn materials on the alcohols electrooxidation in alkaline medium. PtSn/C nanoparticles were synthesized in three distinct configurations: ordinary alloy, ordered intermetallic and core-shell structure anchored in high surface area carbon support. The obtained materials were characterized by X Ray Diffraction, X Ray Energy Dispersive, Transmission Electron Microscopy and X Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Furthermore, the synthesized materials were studied as anode materials towards the electrochemical oxidation of organic fuels in alkaline medium by means of the cyclic voltammetry and chornoamperometry techniques. The analysis of the collected data confirmed the aimed geometric structures and the core-shell material Sn@PtSn (ordered), in an atomic ratio 1:1 Pt to Sn. Alloy and ordered intermetallic were found to have about 2 nm diameter of the particle size while Sn@PtSn core-shell was found the double of the size. Core-shell material presented the best performance as used as anode for the electrooxidation of the ethanol,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
213

New methodologies for the catalytic enantioselective addition of organometallic reagents to carbonyl compounds

Fernández Mateos, Emilio 22 June 2015 (has links)
No description available.
214

Electroorganic synthesis using a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrochemical Reactor: electrooxidation of primary alcohols in alkaline medium

García Cruz, Leticia 09 September 2016 (has links)
No description available.
215

Simple Synthesis of Fresh Alkyl Iodides Using Alcohols and Hydriodic Acid

Klein, Suzane, Zhang, Cungen, Jiang, Yu Lin 14 April 2008 (has links)
A simple synthesis of fresh alkyl iodides using alcohols and hydriodic acid (HI) is reported. The alkyl iodides were obtained in quick and easy work-up with good to excellent yields (66-94%) and very high purities (97-99%). Freshly prepared iodomethane and 1-iodobutane were applied to synthesize biologically relevant 3,7-dimethyladenine and 9-butyladenine, which were characterized thoroughly using 1D and 2D NMR, individually.
216

Study on Contamination of Fluorotelomer Alcohols (FTOHs) and Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylates (PFCAs) in Air in Thailand and Japan, and their Distribution to Water Environment / タイ王国と日本の大気環境におけるフッ素テロマーアルコール類とペルフルオロカルボン酸の存在実態の把握と水環境への移行に関する研究

Jira Kongpran 24 September 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第18628号 / 地環博第123号 / 新制||地環||25(附属図書館) / 31528 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻 / (主査)教授 藤井 滋穂, 教授 梶井 克純, 准教授 田中 周平 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM
217

FTOH Biodegradation Properties and PFOA Impact on Microorganisms in Activated Sludge / 活性汚泥におけるFTOHの生物分解特性と構成微生物群に及ぼすPFOAの影響

Yu, Xiaolong 23 January 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20814号 / 工博第4418号 / 新制||工||1686(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊藤 禎彦, 教授 田中 宏明, 准教授 西村 文武 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
218

Conversion of CO2 to higher alcohols

Higby, Joshua January 2020 (has links)
I rapporten framgår det en termodynamisk analys för reverse water gas shift med att sammanmata etanol för att undvika det långsammaste steget i reaktionen för att producera högre alkoholer. Ifrån ett termodynamiskt perspektiv, verkar det möjligt att utgå ifrån reverse water gas shift för att producera högre alkoholer vid 100 bar med en temperatur på 300C . Reaktionen är exotermisk, vilket gynnas av det låga temperaturer och det rekommenderas höga tryck p.g.a. en mol kontraktion. Jämviktshalterna var låga, det föreslås att ta bort vatten ifrån jämvikten.  I den matematiska modellen utgick det ifrån en kedja-reaktion för att producera högre alkoholer med reverse water gas shift i processförhållanden på 10–200 bar. I modellen utfördes en senstivty-analysis för jämvikten på tryck och vattenborttagning. Genom att ta bort vatten ifrån jämvikten låg CO2 utbytet kring 95% vid 200 bar även vid låga tryck som 10 bar. Inom CO2 hydrering till högre alkoholer är det begränsat med data och reaktionsmekanismen bakom reaktionen är inte riktigt förstådd. Experimentella försök krävs för att få en mer ökad förståelse. I modellen beskrevs CO2 hydrering och resterande reaktioner som en funktion av en sigmoid. Inom litteraturstudien kom det fram till att det fanns ingen kommersiell tillgänglig membran förtillfället för att ta bort vatten inom krävande process förhållanden. Tekniken ser dock lovande ut. / In this work, a thermodynamic analysis for CO2 hydrogenation by co-feeding ethanol to higher alcohols was performed with the HSC software package. The results suggested a high pressure and a low temperature for the reaction. However, it yielded low equilibrium compositions for the higher alcohols even at a high pressure of 100 bar at 300C . Increasing the equilibrium compositions for the higher alcohols can be done by removing water.  A mathematical model was used to analyse the rate-limiting step in a process for the production of higher alcohols from CO2.  In this process, reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction was used to convert CO2 to CO, subsequently, the obtained CO reacts with ethanol and hydrogen to produce higher alcohols directly. The mathematical model was developed in MATLAB to simulate how the reaction could behave by feeding CO2, H2 and ethanol at different pressures ranging from 10-200 bars. The water removal effect on the equilibrium is measured in terms of CO2   conversion by achieving 95% for removing water.  The results indicated that the process can be used to convert CO2 to higher alcohols and at a lower pressure. The limiting factor for CO2 hydrogenation is the reaction mechanism, it’s an urgent problem for the development of the catalysts. In this model it was assumed to be a logistic function. The conversion of CO2 into higher alcohols is an important problem that is required to be addressed by more experimental verifications to understand the mechanism. The literature review shows that there is no available membrane for removal of water for the process currently, due to the harsh process conditions, mainly because of the membrane stability. However, membrane technology is a promising method for separation of water/organic mixtures that can be studied further in the future.
219

Selective Ketyl Couplings via Atom Transfer Catalysis

Rafferty, Sean M. 30 September 2020 (has links)
No description available.
220

Useful strategies for the synthesis of 3,3’- disubstituted 2-oxindoles and homoallyl alcohols

Moreno-Cabrerizo, Cristina 18 March 2021 (has links)
La tesis doctoral describe estrategias útiles y sencillas para las síntesis de 2-oxindoles 3,3'-disustituídos y alcoholes homoalílicos. La memoria se divide en dos grandes bloques: el primero referido a la alquilación desacilativa como método para la síntesis de 2-oxindoles 3,3'-disustituídos que engloba la introducción I, el capítulo I titulado alquilación desacilativa para la síntesis de 2-oxindoles 3,3'-disustituídos y capítulo II titulado bromación desacilativa para la síntesis de 3,3'-bioxindoles y aislamiento de 3-bromooxindoles. La segunda parte se refiere a fotocatálisis y metalofotocatálisis como nuevos métodos de síntesis orgánica y engloba la introducción II, capítulo III titulado fotocatálisis para la síntesis de 3,3'-bioxindoles y capítulo IV titulado catálisis dual para la alilación de aldehídos.

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