Parallel and Allegory is a series of four pieces that look deeper into specific Christian beliefs. Most directly addressed those that dealt with specific parallels and allegorical relationships. Specific symbols such as nails, hammers, wood, trees, people, fruit, a cup, knife a rope and a stone were the focus of the pieces in the exhibition. Four combinations of these symbols were created to create dialogue and introspection.

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Cette étude s’inscrit dans un questionnement entourant les notions d’identité nationale et de construction allégorique. Elle s’inscrit également dans une problématique touchant les questions de la matérialité de la littérature et du cinéma. Dans la première partie de cette recherche, nous allons d’abord définir les notions d’allégorie et d’allégorie nationale. Par la suite, à partir de l’histoire d’Iracema, nous allons questionner deux œuvres qui travaillent la rencontre entre une autochtone et un blanc de manière distincte. La première œuvre est Iracema : lenda do Ceará de José de Alencar, un écrivain connu du XIXe siècle au Brésil. Véritable allégorie nationale de fondation, cette œuvre cherche à unir allégoriquement les différences sociales pour fonder une identité qui serait brésilienne. Le film Iracema : uma transa amazônica reprend cette histoire de construction nationale dans un contexte de dictature et montre ses contradictions et ses limites. En mettant l’accent sur les travailleurs et les marginalisés de l’imaginaire national, le film altère la sensibilité visuelle des spectateurs. Puisque l'oeuvre de Bodansky et Senna se situe à la limite entre le documentaire et la fiction, nous avons posé notre regard sur les résistances qu’offrent des images documentaires à l’interprétation allégorique de la nation. / This research explores the notions of national identity and of the rhetorical figure of the allegory. It also questions the materiality and the specificity of literature and cinema. In the first part of this research, we will define the notion of allegory and the concept of national allegory. In the second part, inspired by the story of Iracema, we will analyze two specific works that narrate singularly the encounter between a native and a white man. The first work, Iracema : lenda do Ceará (1865) is by José de Alencar, a well-known mid-nineteenth century Brazilian author. In this novel, the author tries to construct a Brazilian identity by allegorically and fictionally binding together social differences. The second work, Iracema : uma transa amazônica (1974) by Orlando Senna and Jorge Bodansky is a contemporary version of the story, depicting the limits and contradiction of the concept of national identity. Filmed during the dictatorship, this film displays the people who are excluded and marginalized from the project of Brazilian identity. With Bodansky and Senna’s work positioned in an ambiguous position between documentary and fiction, we will question the resistance exhibited by documentary images to the allegorical construction of the nation.

[pt] Esta dissertação analisa os efeitos decorrentes da construção de Brasília, enquanto materialização da utopia moderna em pleno hemisfério sul, mais precisamente, no Brasil. Investigamos de que maneira a utopia moderna é produto não apenas da racionalidade e do desenvolvimento técnico, mas também de impulsos da ordem da vontade e da fé, algo que a introduz a matizes religiosos. Nesse sentido, Brasília torna-se um caso paradigmático de estudo, pois é o resultado de uma convergência entre os ideais da arquitetura moderna e uma genealogia mítica que previa a construção de uma capital no Planalto Central como meio de desencadear o florescimento de uma grande civilização num paraíso de abundância, um paraíso que posteriormente se mostraria perdido, a desencadear melancolia e desilusão. A partir desse ângulo, analisamos leituras não convencionais do evento extraídas dos clássicos da literatura brasileira, assim como mobilizamos um referencial teórico de matriz alegórica, derivado do pensamento do filósofo alemão Walter Benjamin, a fim de construir uma interpretação não convencional de Brasília, para além dos limites da historiografia tradicional e sua lógica linear. / [en] This dissertation analyzes the effects of Brasilia s construction, as a materialization of modern utopia in the southern hemisphere, more precisely, in Brazil. We investigate how modern utopia is a product not only of rationality and technical development, but also of will and faith, something that introduces it to religious nuances. In that sense, Brasilia becomes a paradigmatic case of study, because it results from a convergence between the ideals of modern architecture and a mythical genealogy that foresaw the construction of a capital in Brazil s central plateau as a means of unleashing the flourishing of a great civilization in a paradise of abundance, a paradise that later would be proved lost, unleashing melancholy and disillusionment. From this angle, we analyze unconventional readings of the event, extracted from the classics of Brazilian literature, and also mobilize the theoretical framework of allegory, derived from the work of the German philosopher Walter Benjamin, in order to construct an unconventional interpretation of Brasilia, beyond the boundaries of traditional historiography and its linear logic.

This dissertation explores embodiments of citizenship in three historical pageants of 1913. As historical pageantry reached the height of its popularity in the early twentieth century, the form was criticized by those who felt it represented a limited understanding of community and citizenship. Historical pageants came to prominence at a time in the nation’s history when lynching plagued the south, women agitated for the right to vote, and labor unions organized to demand better working conditions. Popular historical pageants presented a history which ignored these pressing social issues and supported the status quo. As a result, while pageants gained popularity the form was taken up by groups seeking to use pageants for different political purposes. My dissertation interrogates embodiments of citizenship in Progressive Era pageantry through three case studies: W.E.B. Du Bois wrote and staged Star of Ethiopia, devoted to re-telling African-American history; John Reed organized members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) for a performance of The Paterson Strike Pageant to aid laborers on strike; and Hazel MacKaye staged Allegory in support of women’s suffrage. While each pageant aimed to promote diversity, once each pageant’s historiography landed on live bodies, the gaps between what the pageant argued for and who the pageant simultaneously excluded were made visible. Allegory crafted an argument for white women’s suffrage by excluding recent immigrant and women of color; Du Bois sought to promote the African American middle class by denigrating the working classes; John Reed painted an image of the IWW as a fully united working class while ignoring the racial and ethnic differences that had led to tensions among the group. Despite their progressive intentions, once each pageant moved its political arguments on stage, the choices they made in performance belied their inclusive aspirations. / text

The aim of this thesis is to introduce and analyze not well known literary genre of mongyurok. Literary genre of mongyurok firs appeared in late 15. century on Korean peninsula. This diploma thesis is also focused on analysis of korean scholar Im Che's work called Wǒnsaeng mongyurok. For the purpose of this thesis, there is a typology of the genre mentioned above, created on the basis of seven different works of the genre, described in the first chapter. This typology was used for better analysis of the Wǒnsaeng mongyurok and for comparison of genres of mongyurok and mongjaryu sosǒl.

<p>In my thesis, “Commandeering Aesop’s Bamboo Canon: A 19th Century Confederacy of Creole Fugitive Fables,” I ask and answer the ‘Who? What? Where? When? Why?” of Creole Literature using the 19th century production of Aesopian fables as clues to resolve a set of linguistic, historical, literary, and geographical enigmas pertaining the ‘birth-place(s)’ of Creolophone Literatures in the Caribbean Sea, North and South America, as well as the Indian Ocean. Focusing on the fables in Martinique (1846), Reunion Island (1826), and Mauritius (1822), my thesis should read be as an attempt capture the links between these islands through the creation of a particular archive defined as a cartulary-chronicle, a diplomatic codex, or simply a map in which I chart and trace the flight of the founding documents relating to the lives of the individual authors, editors, and printers in order to illustrate the articulation of a formal and informal confederation that enabled the global and local institutional promotion of Creole Literature. While I integrate various genres and multi-polar networks between the authors of this 19th century canon comprised of sacred and secular texts such as proclamations, catechisms, and proverbs, the principle literary genre charted in my thesis are collections of fables inspired by French 17th century French Classical fabulist, Jean de la Fontaine. Often described as the ‘matrix’ of Creolophone Literature, these blues and fables constitute the base of the canon, and are usually described as either ‘translated,’ ‘adapted,’ and even ‘cross-dressed’ into Creole in all of the French Creolophone spaces. My documentation of their transnational sprouting offers proof of an opaque canonical formation of Creole popular literature. By constituting this archive, I emphasize the fact that despite 200 years of critical reception and major developments and discoveries on behalf of Creole language pedagogues, literary scholars, linguists, historians, librarians, archivist, and museum curators, up until now not only have none have curated this literature as a formal canon. I also offer new empirical evidence in order to try and solve the enigma of “How?” the fables materially circulated between the islands, and seek to come to terms with the anonymous nature of the texts, some of which were published under pseudonyms. I argue that part of the confusion on the part of scholars has been the result of being willfully taken by surprise or defrauded by the authors, or ‘bamboozled’ as I put it. The major paradigmatic shift in my thesis is that while I acknowledge La Fontaine as the base of this literary canon, I ultimately bypass him to trace the ancient literary genealogy of fables to the infamous Aesop the Phrygian, whose biography – the first of a slave in the history of the world – and subsequent use of fables reflects a ‘hidden transcript’ of ‘masked political critique’ between ‘master and slave classes’ in the 4th Century B.C.E. Greece.</p><p>This archive draws on, connects and critiques the methodologies of several disciplinary fields. I use post-colonial literary studies to map the literary genealogies Aesop; use a comparative historical approach to the abolitions of slavery in both the 19th century Caribbean and the Indian Ocean; and chart the early appearance of folk music in early colonial societies through Musicology and Performance Studies. Through the use of Sociolinguistics and theories of language revival, ecology, and change, I develop an approach of ‘reflexive Creolistics’ that I ultimately hope will offer new educational opportunities to Creole speakers. While it is my desire that this archive serves linguists, book collectors, and historians for further scientific inquiry into the innate international nature of Creole language, I also hope that this innovative material defense and illustration of Creole Literature will transform the consciousness of Creolophones (native and non-native) who too remain ‘bamboozled’ by the archive. My goal is to erase the ‘unthinkability’ of the existence of this ancient maritime creole literary canon from the collective cultural imaginary of readers around the globe.</p> / Dissertation

O objeto da presente pesquisa é a abordagem estética e pedagógica do Teatro de Figuras Alegóricas, na encenação Chamas na Penugem, sob a coordenação da Profa. Dra. Ingrid Dormien Koudela com alunos do curso de Licenciatura de Teatro. Identifica-se, neste projeto, a concepção da encenação como prática pedagógica e o seu cerne está nas relações existentes entre a criação artística, a pedagogia do teatro e o artista-docente. As proposições do presente trabalho englobam procedimentos referentes ao jogo teatral, à leitura de imagens e aos processos colaborativos. No que tange à leitura da imagem, são analisados os fundamentos estéticos da didática alegórico-diabólica de Peter Brueghel, o Velho relacionados à descrição de uma série de gravuras intituladas Os Sete Vícios Capitais. / The purpose of the present research is the pedagogic and aesthetic approach of the Theather of Allegorical Figures in the staging of Chamas na Penugem (Flames on down), under the coordination of the PhD Professor Ingrid Dormien Koudela with students of the Theater Degree Course. It can be noticed in this project the conception of staging as a pedagogic practice, and its essential part is in the existing relationship between the artistic creation, the theater pedagogy and the artist-teacher. The propositions of the present paper gather procedures referring to the theater game, the image reading and the collaborative processes. Particularly related to the image reading, is the aesthetic foundations of the diabolic-allegorical didactics of Peter Brueghel, the Elder, related to the description of a set of pictures called The Seven Deadly Sins.

O trabalho se propõe a uma leitura alternativa para a obra São Bernardo de Graciliano Ramos. Na fortuna crítica do autor alagoano não se criou um consenso se a revolução que eclode pouco após a morte de Madalena é ou não a Revolução de 30 e, principalmente, qual a função desta revolução na economia do romance. Na perspectiva aqui proposta o tema do livro passa a ser a Revolução de 30, alegoricamente articulada aos fatos ficcionais, na qual Paulo Honório, coronel industrialista, no final da década de 20, luta contra o movimento revolucionário em curso. A teoria do arrependimento e confissão é descartada: quem escreve os capítulos confessionais em realidade é Gondim, dos dois capítulos perdidos e expurgados. Paulo Honório também não será mais visto aqui como um self-made-man, mas um sim como um ser politicamente estruturado, fazendo parte de um partido defensor do modelo exportador, baseado na monocultura cafeeira. Assim a obra de Graciliano acaba por passar ao leitor uma visão político-econômica bastante ampla dos fatos que antecederam o período - e do próprio período - revolucionário de 1930-32. Este trabalho propõe, ainda, como forma bastante diferente de ver literatura, que a base do pensamento de Graciliano é o econômico e que literatura é, em última análise, um modo privilegiado de conhecimento cognitivo da história. / This work proposes an alternative reading of Graciliano Ramos\' São Bernardo. In the critical legacy on this author\'s work there is as yet no consensus to whether or not the revolution which breaks soon after Madalena\'s death is the Revolution of 1930 and, more important than this, to what function does this revolution have in the romance\'s economy. In the perspective here considered, the book\'s theme is the Revolution of 1930, allegorically articulated to the fictional facts, in which Paulo Honório, industrialist coronel of the 1920s, struggles against the ongoing revolutionary movement. Paulo Honório, hence, doesn\'t regret, and the romance loses its connotations of confession: who writes the \"confessional\" chapters is actually Gondim, they are the two lost and purged chapters. Paulo Honório is no longer seen here as a self-made-man, but as a politically structured being, integrating a party that defends the exporting model, based on the monoculture of coffee. Therefore, the romance suggests to the reader a very comprehensive politicoeconomical view of the revolutionary period of 1930-32 and the facts that preceded it. Finally, this reading here advanced draws us to propose, as a very distinct view of literature, that the basis of Graciliano\'s thought is economical and that literature is, in the last analysis, a privileged means for cognitive knowledge of history.