Three experiments had been carried out in which the first one was a metabolism test, by the traditional method, to evaluate the nutritional value of the passion fruit residue in different substitution levels in diet and in two broiler chicken ages. There was a significant difference between ages within all residue replacement levels. For AME, AMEn, CAMDM, MCCP and CAMGE the mean of chicken aged between 10 to 17 days was higher than those with age between 1 to 8 days within all levels of residue replacement. The second and third experiments aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of the biscuit residue with the same substitution levels and ages of the first experiment. It was observed that the older birds had higher mean values for AME, AMEn, CAMDM, MCCP and CAMGE at all levels of residue replacement. The fourth experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of the passion fruit residue on the broilers carcass performance and yield, 200 birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments (0%, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16% inclusion of the residue in the diet) and four replicates of 10 birds.The residues inclusion levels influenced the consumption of feed at the ages of 1 to 7 days and 8 to 14 days. In the other periods the consumption was not affected. Weight gain where only affected in the first two weeks, with negative linear effects, in which at every 1% of inclusion the weight gain ration decrease 2.3875 g/ bird / week and 2.1830 g / bird / week, respectively, for the first and second week. Feed conversion worsened linearly up to 21 days and in the total period of 42 days. There was a negative influence of inclusion levels on absolute and relative thigh weight and positive for absolute and relative torso weight. There was no effect on the absolute weights and yields of the edible viscera. The passion fruit and biscuit residue presented better nutritional values at the age of 10 to 17 days, with good potential for its use in the broilers diet. Passion fruit residue can be used up to 16% inclusion in the diet in the period from 22 to 40 days of age without affecting the productive performance of broiler chickens and in the period from 1 to 42 days without damaging the carcass yield. / Foram realizados 4 experimentos em que o primeiro foi um ensaio de metabolismo, pelo método tradicional, que objetivou avaliar o valor nutricional do resíduo do maracujá em diferentes níveis de substituição na dieta e em duas idades de frangos de corte. Houve diferença significativa entre as idades dentro de todos os níveis de substituição do resíduo. Para a EMA, EMAn, CMMS, CMPB, CMEB), a média da idade dos frangos de 10 a 20 dias foi superior à média da idade de 1 a 11 dias dentro de todos os níveis de substituição do resíduo. O segundo e terceiro experimentos objetivaram avaliar o valor nutricional do resíduo do biscoito com os mesmos níveis de substituição e idades do primeiro experimento, tendo sido observado que as aves mais velhas apresentaram maiores médias para as variáveis EMA, EMAn, CMMS, CMPB, CMEB, em todos os níveis de substituição do resíduo. O quarto experimento objetivou avaliar o efeito da utilização do resíduo de maracujá sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. 200 aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (0%,4%,8%,12% e 16% de inclusão do resíduo na dieta) e quatro repetições de 10 aves. Os níveis de inclusão do resíduo influenciaram no consumo de ração nas idades de 1 a 7 dias e de 8 a 14 dias. Nos demais períodos o consumo não foi afetado. Para o ganho de peso só houve efeito nas duas primeiras semanas, com efeito linear negativos, em que a cada 1% de inclusão, o ganho de peso diminuiu em 2,3875 g/ave/semana e de 2,1830 g/ave/semana, respectivamente, para a primeira e segunda semana. A Conversão Alimentar piorou linearmente até os 21 dias e no período total de 42 dias. Houve influência negativa dos níveis de inclusão sobre o peso absoluto e relativo de coxa e positiva para o peso absoluto e rendimento de dorso. Não houve efeito para os pesos absolutos e rendimentos das vísceras comestíveis. O resíduo do maracujá e do biscoito apresentaram melhores valores nutricionais na idade de 10 a 17 dias, com bom potencial para a sua utilização na dieta de frangos de corte. O resíduo de maracujá pode ser utilizado em até 16% de inclusão na dieta no período de 22 a 40 dias de idade sem prejuízo no desempenho produtivo de frangos de corte e no período de 1 a 42 dias sem prejuízo no rendimento de carcaça.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T18:56:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kátia Oliveira de Deus - 2015.pdf: 1298115 bytes, checksum: 25cbacec1dbe6f0e1109792b0b745ae4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-15T13:29:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kátia Oliveira de Deus - 2015.pdf: 1298115 bytes, checksum: 25cbacec1dbe6f0e1109792b0b745ae4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T13:29:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kátia Oliveira de Deus - 2015.pdf: 1298115 bytes, checksum: 25cbacec1dbe6f0e1109792b0b745ae4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The search for baked goods without gluten good physical, chemical and microbiological, and acceptance have provided various surveys. In order to replace the gluten in breads consumer medium for celiac disease patients, various strategies have been employed such as the use of hydrocolloids and enzymes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a technological standpoint, nutritional, microbiological and acceptance of gluten-free bun obtained from different proportions soy by-products (okara) and rice (bran and grain flour broken), type and dose of hydrocolloids, and dose of transglutaminase enzyme, seeking alternatives to supply the growing market for products for coeliacs, as well as enhancement of agro-industrial subproutos rice and soybeans. All formulations had good sensory acceptance by the tasters, but with 65 g 100 g-1 rice flour, 10 g 100 g-1 rice bran and 25 g 100 g-1 okara flour presented the best physical quality, obtaining the greater desirability compared to commercial standard, and was accepted sensory, with average grade above 6 (like slightly). Use of hydrocolloids increased the specific volume of loaves of bread and improved textural characteristics. The form of gluten bread with 2 g 100g-1 of xanthan gum showed the highest specific volume (1.82 cm3 g-1). The transglutaminase of microbial origin increased by 9 %, the specific volume of gluten loaves with 10 U of transglutaminase per g of protein, 16 % lower hardness, indicating softness of bread, which showed 5 % more cohesive than those without transglutaminase. Regarding the commercial form of the selected bread specific volume was obtained 11 % higher and 110 % softer than bread trade marks. The gluten form of bread made with 65 g 100 g-1 of rice flour, 10 g 100 g-1 of rice bran and 25 g 100 g-1 okara flour with the addition of 2 g 100 g-1 xanthan gum and 10 U transglutaminase per g protein, showed the best results in texture with 16 % less hardness, 5 % more cohesiveness, 9 % more bulk, more elastic 2 % and 10 % decrease in chewiness. The loaf of bread obtained sensory acceptance indicating their potential for marketing of food with 45.83 g 100g-1 protein, rich in dietary fiber (10.17 g 100 g-1), and 1.61 g 100 g-1 in soluble fiber and 8.57 g 100 g-1 in insoluble fiber, providing a healthier alternative for consumers of celiac disease patients. / A busca por produtos de panificação sem glúten de boa qualidade física, química e microbiológica, e aceitação vêm proporcionado várias pesquisas. No sentido de se substituir o glúten em pães-de-forma para consumidores portadores de doença celíaca, várias estratégias tem sido empregadas, tais como o uso de hidrocolóides e enzimas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do ponto de vista tecnológico, nutricional, microbiológico e aceitação do pão-de-forma sem glúten obtido a partir de diferentes proporções de co-produtos de soja (okara) e de arroz (farelo e farinha de grãos quebrados), tipo e dose de hidrocolóides, e dose de enzima transglutaminase, buscando alternativas para suprir o crescente mercado de produtos para celíacos, além da valorização dos subproutos agroindustriais do arroz e da soja. Todas as formulações tiveram boa aceitação sensorial por parte dos provadores, mas a com 65 g 100 g-1 de farinha de arroz, 10 g 100 g-1 de farelo de arroz e 25 g 100 g-1 de farinha de okara foi a que apresentou melhor qualidade física, obtendo a maior desejabilidade comparada com padrão comercial, e foi aceita sensorialmente, com nota média acima de 6 (gostei ligeiramente). O uso de hidrocolóides aumentou o volume específico dos pães-de-forma e melhorou as características texturais. O pão-de-forma sem glúten com 2 g 100 g-1 de goma xantana obteve o maior volume específico (1,82 cm3 g-1). A transglutaminase de origem microbiana aumentou 9 % o volume específico dos pães-de-forma sem glúten com 10 U de transglutaminase por g de proteína, 16 % menos dureza, indicando maior maciez do pão, que se mostraram 5 % mais coesos que os sem transglutaminase. Em relação aos comerciais o pão-de-forma selecionado obteve volume específico 11 % maior e 110 % mais macio que o pão comercial da marca A. O pão-de-forma sem glúten feito com 65 g 100 g-1 de farinha de arroz, 10 g 100 g-1 de farelo de arroz e 25 g 100 g-1 de farinha de okara com adição de 2 g 100 g-1 de goma xantana e 10 U de transglutaminase por g de proteína, foi o que apresentou melhores resultados em textura com 16 % menos dureza, 5 % mais coesividade, 9 % a mais de volume específico, 2 % mais elástico e 10 % de diminuição na mastigabilidade. O pão-de-forma obteve aceitação sensorial indicando o seu potencial para comercialização deste alimento, com 45,83 g 100 g-1 de proteínas, alto conteúdo de fibra alimentar (10,17 g 100 g-1), sendo 1,61 g 100 g-1 de fibra solúvel e 8,57 g 100 g-1 de fibra insolúvel, constituindo uma alternativa saudável para os consumidores portadores de doença celíaca.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:59:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Canzi.pdf: 1452625 bytes, checksum: a8cf8663ae90bd74144a848c32b75a2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / The study was conducted to know the nutritional value of the invasive mussel L. fortunei and its potential use as food in the manufacture of feed for fish. The work was done in two stages. The first step processed two types of meal, using a mussel in its integral form (valves and body content), called the FMI, and the other using only the valves and called FMV. In the processed materials analysis of crude protein (CP) were done, lipids, ash, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Lead (Pb), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu ), Mercury (Hg), Zinc (Zn), pH and bacteriology (Salmonella sp, bactérias mesófilas, enterobacterias e E. colli). In the second step the material was submitted to evaluate the apparent digestibility of CP, and availability of Ca and P, for Tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). The results were: CP (%) 12.95 and 8.64; Lipids (%) 1.01 and 0.42, Ash (%) 80.53 and 86.43 (%) P (%) 0, 11 and 0.10, Ca (%) 27.27 and 28.70; Na (%) 3.79 e3, 29 and pH 6.7 and 6.9, for FMV and IMF, respectively. The results of heavy metals and bacteriology were considered acceptable for use in animal feed. Regarding the apparent digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of Ca and P, the material did not show satisfactory performance and is not considered appropriate to use for feeding tilápia. / O Estudo foi realizado com objetivo de conhecer o valor nutricional do molusco invasor Limnoperna fortunei e o seu potencial de utilização como alimento na fabricação de rações para peixes. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas. Na primeira foram processados dois tipos de farinha, uma utilizando molusco na forma integral (valvas e conteúdo corporal), denominada FMI, e outra utilizando somente as valvas, denominada FMV. Nos materiais processados foram realizadas analises de proteína bruta (PB), lipídeos, cinza, cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), sódio (Na), potássio(K), chumbo (Pb), cobalto (Co), cobre (Cu), mercúrio(Hg), zinco(Zn), pH e bacteriologia ((Salmonella sp,bactérias mesófilas, enterobacterias e E. colli). Na segunda etapa, o material foi submetido à avaliação da digestibilidade aparente da PB, e disponibilidade do Ca e P, utilizando a espécie Tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). Os resultados obtidos foram: PB(%) 12,95 e 8,64; lipídeos (%) 1,01 e 0,42; cinza (%) 80,53 e 86,43(%), P(%)0,11 e 0,10; Ca(%) 27,27 e 28,70; Na (%) 3,79 e 3,29 e pH 6,7 e 6,9; para FMI e FMV, respectivamente. Os resultados de metais pesados e bacteriologia se mostraram dentro de níveis considerados aceitáveis à utilização em ração animal. Em relação à digestibilidade aparente da PB e disponibilidade aparente de Ca e P, o material não apresentou desempenho satisfatório, não sendo considerado adequado o seu uso para alimentação da espécie tilápia.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:13:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Canzi.pdf: 1452625 bytes, checksum: a8cf8663ae90bd74144a848c32b75a2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / The study was conducted to know the nutritional value of the invasive mussel L. fortunei and its potential use as food in the manufacture of feed for fish. The work was done in two stages. The first step processed two types of meal, using a mussel in its integral form (valves and body content), called the FMI, and the other using only the valves and called FMV. In the processed materials analysis of crude protein (CP) were done, lipids, ash, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Lead (Pb), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu ), Mercury (Hg), Zinc (Zn), pH and bacteriology (Salmonella sp, bactérias mesófilas, enterobacterias e E. colli). In the second step the material was submitted to evaluate the apparent digestibility of CP, and availability of Ca and P, for Tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). The results were: CP (%) 12.95 and 8.64; Lipids (%) 1.01 and 0.42, Ash (%) 80.53 and 86.43 (%) P (%) 0, 11 and 0.10, Ca (%) 27.27 and 28.70; Na (%) 3.79 e3, 29 and pH 6.7 and 6.9, for FMV and IMF, respectively. The results of heavy metals and bacteriology were considered acceptable for use in animal feed. Regarding the apparent digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of Ca and P, the material did not show satisfactory performance and is not considered appropriate to use for feeding tilápia. / O estudo foi realizado com objetivo de conhecer o valor nutricional do molusco invasor Limnoperna fortunei e o seu potencial de utilização como alimento na fabricação de rações para peixes. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas. Na primeira foram processados dois tipos de farinha, uma utilizando molusco na forma integral (valvas e conteúdo corporal), denominada FMI, e outra utilizando somente as valvas, denominada FMV. Nos materiais processados foram realizadas analises de proteína bruta (PB), lipídeos, cinza, cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), sódio (Na), potássio(K), chumbo (Pb), cobalto (Co), cobre (Cu), mercúrio(Hg), zinco(Zn), pH e bacteriologia ((Salmonella sp,bactérias mesófilas, enterobacterias e E. colli). Na segunda etapa, o material foi submetido à avaliação da digestibilidade aparente da PB, e disponibilidade do Ca e P, utilizando a espécie Tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). Os resultados obtidos foram: PB(%) 12,95 e 8,64; lipídeos (%) 1,01 e 0,42; cinza (%) 80,53 e 86,43(%), P(%)0,11 e 0,10; Ca(%) 27,27 e 28,70; Na (%) 3,79 e 3,29 e pH 6,7 e 6,9; para FMI e FMV, respectivamente. Os resultados de metais pesados e bacteriologia se mostraram dentro de níveis considerados aceitáveis à utilização em ração animal. Em relação à digestibilidade aparente da PB e disponibilidade aparente de Ca e P, o material não apresentou desempenho satisfatório, não sendo considerado adequado o seu uso para alimentação da espécie tilápia.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:13:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dacley Hertes Neu.pdf: 357233 bytes, checksum: 7de2fd1088f9eeda80860bf4529c436b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The higher cost of production at a fish culture is related to nutrition of animals that pass of 50%, so, two experiments were conducted based on digestibility and inclusion of glycerol for the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The purpose of this study was to evaluate digestibility of three sources of glycerol, crude vegetable oil (GBV), semi-purified mixture glycerol (GSM) and semi-purified plant glycerol (GSV) (experiment 1) and then determine to what level of inclusion that food can be held in diets for tilapia and whether it causes changes in blood chemistry characteristics and centesimal composition of animals (experiment 2). In experiment 1, we used 40 fish with mean weight of 343,12 ± 77,71 g distributed in four tanks with 180 liters conical bottom, in a randomized Latin square design. Four experimental diets were prepared, one reference and three tests, composed with the inclusion of 20% of the test food and 80% of the reference diet. Chromic oxideIII was used as inert indicator (0,1% of diet). We obtained the digestible energy of crude glycerol vegetable oil (GBV), semi-purified mixture glycerol (GSM) and semi-purified plant glycerol (GSV) of 3058,55; 2610,55; 1754,70 kcal.kg-1, respectively. For experiment 2, we used the glycerol that contained higher amount of digestible energy (GBV) and it was made five diets containing increasing levels of glycerol (0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 and 10%) for 79 days and provided to 300 juveniles of Nile tilapia with mean weight of 29,15 ± 8,40 g and 11,55 ± 0,87 cm in length. After this period has evaluated the performance of animals by final weight (FW), length (FL), survival (S), weight gain (WG), feed conversion (FC), specific growth rate (SGR) factor condition (FC), hepatosomatic index (IHS) and visceral fat (VF). For the evaluation of blood biochemical parameters were evaluated protein (PROT), triglycerides (TRIG), cholesterol (COLE), HDL lipoprotein, glucose (GLUC) and VLDL and LDL lipoproteins. To determine the chemical composition were evaluated moisture, lipids, protein and ash. There was no statistical difference between the different treatments on the growth performance of animals. For the biochemical parameters of HDL lipoprotein was only statistically significant difference (P<0.05), being higher in the groups fed with 0,0 and 7,5%, did not differ from animals that were fed 5,0 and 10,0%. For the centesimal composition of tilapia juvenile differences were observed in the amount lipids (P<0.05), which had the highest values in fish fed with 5,0% glycerol. Can be included 10% of the foodl that does not occur any damage to animal health. / O maior custo de produção em um cultivo de peixes está relacionado a nutrição dos animais que passa dos 50%, por isso, foram realizados dois experimentos baseados na digestibilidade e inclusão do glicerol para tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a digestibilidade aparente de três fontes de gliceróis, bruto óleo vegetal (GBV), glicerol semi-purificado misto (GSM) e glicerol semi-purificado vegetal (GSV) (experimento 1) e, posteriormente determinar até que nível de inclusão esse alimento pode ser utilizado em dietas para tilápias e se o mesmo provoca alterações nas características bioquímicas do sangue e na composição centesimal dos animais (experimento 2). No experimento 1, utilizou-se 40 peixes com peso médio de 343,12 ± 77,71 g, distribuídos em quatro tanques de 180 litros com fundo cônico, num delineamento experimental em quadrado latino. Foram confeccionadas quatro dietas experimentais, sendo uma referência e três testes, compostas com a inclusão de 20% do alimento teste e 80% da dieta referência. Como indicador foi utilizado o óxido de cromioIII (0,1% da dieta). Foram obtidos valores de energia digestível do glicerol bruto óleo vegetal (GBV), glicerol semi-purificado misto (GSM) e glicerol semi-purificado vegetal (GSV), de 3058,55; 2610,55; 1754,70 kcal.kg-1, respectivamente. Para o experimento 2, utilizou-se o glicerol que possuía maior quantidade de energia digestível (GBV) e confeccionou-se cinco rações, contendo níveis crescentes de glicerol (0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10%), por um período de 79 dias e fornecidas a 300 juvenis de tilápia do Nilo com peso médio de 29,15 ± 8,40 g e 11,55 ± 0,87 cm de comprimento. Após esse período foi avaliado o desempenho dos animais através do peso final (PF), comprimento final (CF), sobrevivência (SO), ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar (CA), taxa de crescimento específico (TCE) fator de condição (FC), índice hepatossomático (IHS) e gordura visceral (GV). Para as avaliações dos parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue foram avaliados proteína (PROT), triglicerídeos (TRIG), colesterol (COLE), lipoproteína HDL, glicose (GLIC) e lipoproteínas VLDL e LDL. Para a determinação da composição centesimal foram avaliadas a umidade, lipídeos, proteínas e cinzas. Não houve diferença estatística entre os diferentes tratamentos sobre o desempenho zootécnico dos animais. Para os parâmetros bioquímicos apenas a lipoproteína HDL teve diferença estatística (P<0,05), sendo superior no grupo de peixes alimentados com 0,0 e 7,5%, não diferindo dos animais que foram alimentados com 5,0 e 10,0%. Para a composição centesimal dos juvenis de tilápia foi verificada diferença na quantidade de lipídeos (P<0,05), que tiveram os maiores valores nos peixes alimentados com 5,0% de glicerol. Pode ser incluso 10% do alimento que não ocorre prejuízos zootécnicos nem qualquer dano a saúde dos animais.

Boom of the farmers' markets in 2010 represented a brand new phenomenon in the so far rather calm development of the Czech alternative food networks (AFNs). Unprecedented was the extent of political support at the local and state level as well as the interest of media and consumers. My PhD project originates in the desire to understand this phenomenon. I realized qualitative research of practice and discourse of the farmers' markets in the territory of Prague metropolitan area (PMA) during the years 2011 and 2012. The main research methods included interviews with organizers, observation at the markets, and the content analysis of the mass media. In the course of the research it became obvious that the current academic discourse, rooted primarily in the Anglo-American context, cannot be applied to the Czech reality. Also, the specific features of the farmers' markets in the PMA could only partially be explained by the differences between the Czech post-socialist context and "the West". An interpretation of the boom of farmers' markets in the PMA, consistent with the results of my research, was only enabled by an innovative approach which combines the concept of the travelling theory, postcolonial sensitivity to the mutual relations between source and target contexts, and the findings of the studies...

Les systèmes alimentaires alternatifs font partie des stratégies prometteuses pour améliorer l’accès aux fruits et légumes (FL) frais des populations défavorisées et mal desservies. Peu de données probantes existent pour saisir leur portée et leur efficacité. Suite à l’implantation d’un kiosque maraîcher à la sortie d’une station de métro de Montréal, cette étude vise à analyser l’évolution de sa fréquentation, du profil de ses utilisateurs et les caractéristiques des utilisateurs rapportant une augmentation de leurs achats de FL au cours des deux premières saisons. Deux sources de données ont été analysées : les données de ventes recueillies par une application de paiement mobile et une enquête répétée auprès des utilisateurs (2016, n=214 ; 2017, n=151). Une augmentation significative de la fréquentation a été observée, les utilisateurs de 2017 achetaient plus au kiosque. Une plus grande proportion d’entre eux le fréquentait hebdomadairement et rapportait une consommation d'au moins 5 FL/jour. Les utilisateurs de 2017 étaient majoritairement plus favorisés qu’en 2016. En 2017, 23% affirmaient acheter davantage de FL, comparativement à 12% en 2016. Les caractéristiques des 23% correspondraient davantage à la population ciblée. Par ailleurs, ils étaient plus susceptibles de fréquenter le kiosque hebdomadairement, de percevoir peu abordables les FL de leur quartier et de ne pas avoir accès à une automobile. Un an après son ouverture, le kiosque affiche un certain succès, mais sa capacité à rejoindre les populations défavorisées est mitigée. Au-delà de l'amélioration de l'accès physique, l’ajout d’incitatifs réduisant les barrières économiques serait plus efficace pour diminuer les inégalités de santé. / Alternative food systems have the potential to enhance physical and economic access to fruits and vegetables (FV) for vulnerable and underserved populations. The evaluation of their scope and their effectiveness requires additional efforts. Following the implementation of a FV stand next to a subway station in Montreal, this study aims to determine the evolution of its attendance, shoppers’ profile and the characteristics of shoppers reporting an increase in their FV purchases between the first and second season. Two sets of data were collected: details of all sales data and on-site surveys (2016, n = 214; 2017, n = 151). A significant increase in attendance was observed: 2017’s shoppers purchased more FV at the stand. A larger proportion of 2017 shoppers frequented it weekly and reported an intake of at least 5 FV / day. However, a larger proportion were wealthier. In 2017, 23 % of shoppers reported an increase of their FV purchases. compared to 12% in 2016. These 23% of shoppers would have characteristics of the originally targeted deprived population. They were also more likely to attend the stand weekly, to perceive FV’s neighborhood unaffordable and not to have access to a car. One-year post-implementation, the FV stand present a potential success. However, its reach to disadvantaged populations is mixed. Beyond improving physical access, include incentive strategies to reduce economic barriers would be relevant in reducing social and health inequalities.

In the face of climate change, political instability, ecological destruction, extinction of species and other global issues humanity is facing, various studies are showing that a radical societal transformation is needed to avoid an ecological collapse. This thesis explores the contemporary social-environmental phenomenon “nya gröna vågen” (new-back-to-the-landers) in Sweden as a response to an urgent need for societal transformation as well as a resistance to the conventional modern society. The aim of the study is to examine the material practices in which people within “nya gröna vågen” are involved, how their ideas relate to those practices, and what could be learned from the practitioners in terms of future pathways. To meet this aim, a variant of practice theory is used, which acknowledges non-human actors as well as ideas. Material practice is conceptualized as a network of associations of human and non-humans in specific time-spaces. The study uses semi-structured interviews with practitioners within “nya gröna vågen” and observations. The results show that practices within “nya gröna vågen” are connected to the physical surrounding where they are performed. The material practices of, for example, food provisioning, are understood as embodied understandings of the world made up by a network of human and non-human actors. Further, the material practices within “nya gröna vågen” are based on the idea of a co-creation of human and non-human actors shaping the world. The results also indicate how the actors’ material world-making practices responds to the current planetary situation. In response to what they perceive to be an ecological crisis, they have become involved in practices like regenerative agriculture, adapting to the evolving landscape and water projects. The results also present how the material practices bounded to a specific place as a platform for life are giving a sense of stability and belonging. A relational way of life where people are shaping new imaginations on how to navigate and make life in the future through practices in human/non-human networks.

Les chaines d’approvisionnement contemporaines sont source de problèmes environnementaux, mais aussi d’impacts pour les communautés des abords des activités de production, consommateurs, ou encore travailleurs. Pour évaluer ces impacts, l’analyse sociale du cycle de vie (ACV-S) est développée depuis quinze ans en complément de l’ACV-E, qui traite, elle, des impacts environnementaux le long du cycle de vie des produits. Cette thèse vise à répondre à certains des défis méthodologiques pour sa conception et son application, par une évaluation de produits de systèmes alimentaires alternatifs belges (SAA), et à ces deux questions: i) que devrait évaluer l’ACV-S et ii) comment intégrer les chaines de causes à effet dans l’analyse, comme en ACV-E. Sur base de trois états de l’art (des cadres d’ACV-S, des études incluant les chaines de cause à effet, et des évaluations de produits alimentaires), nous développons et mettons en œuvre des propositions qui plaident pour i) une approche participative pour définir les critères; ii) une évaluation d’impact pour comprendre les pratiques des entreprises plutôt que leur simple rapportage, à travers l’articulation des indicateurs sur la base de théories existantes, comme l’approche de Global Commodity Chain: celle-ci place la gouvernance des chaines et la répartition de la valeur ajoutée entre les acteurs comme des facteurs explicatifs potentiels des problèmes socio-économiques présents dans les chaines; iii) une approche ‘imbriquée’ de la durabilité (ou ‘nested’), qui implique la considération des aspects économiques et de gouvernance des chaines, à côté des aspects managériaux et ‘sociaux’, et leur mise en relation. Nous cherchons ainsi à contribuer à faire de l’ACV-S un outil analytique qui vise l’amélioration des principaux problèmes dans les chaines d’approvisionnement, en analysant leurs causes profondes. Nos évaluations de produits de SAA, y. c. circuits courts et commerce équitable ‘Nord-Nord’, révèlent des rémunérations trop faibles et des conditions d’emploi précaires dans les fermes, rejetant ainsi notre hypothèse d’une durabilité plus élevée de ces produits, par rapport aux chaines dominantes. Ces faibles performances résulteraient d’une reproduction des mécanismes utilisés par les chaines dominantes (rapports de force déséquilibrés, faible engagement entre les acteurs, prix inéquitables). Ceci tendrait à confirmer notre autre hypothèse selon laquelle la gouvernance des chaines et les modalités de transaction impactent les conditions socioéconomiques des travailleurs au sein de ces chaines, d’où l’intérêt de considérer ces aspects en ACV-S. Aussi, d’autres éléments semblent jouer: la règlementation du travail en vigueur, qui encouragerait les contrats précaires, ou le contexte de marché qui influencerait fortement les prix pratiqués dans les SAA, d’où l’importance de se pencher sur les chaines dominantes pour améliorer la durabilité des produits alimentaires dans leur ensemble. Notre recherche confirme l’applicabilité et la pertinence de nos propositions, qui mériteraient d’autres applications pour une validation et des développements méthodologiques supplémentaires. / Today’s supply chains entail numerous and serious issues, concerning the environment but also regarding people, including communities’ surrounding production activities, final consumers and workers. In order to assess those latter social and socio-economic impacts on people, Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) is a tool being currently developed to complement E-LCA, which assesses potential environmental impacts along the life cycle of products and services. This PhD aims to address some of the outstanding methodological challenges faced by S-LCA, with the support of an application on products from Belgian alternative food network (AFNs). The thesis focuses on three related main questions: i) what should S-LCA assess (topics, level of assessment, i.e. company’s practices, impacts on people, other) and ii) how to include impact pathways or cause-effect chains in the analysis, as it is done in E-LCA; iii) how should the assessment be carried out, so that it goes beyond a mere reporting? On the basis of three distinct states-of-the-art (on S-LCA frameworks, studies considering impact pathways and S-LCA studies in the food sector), we put forward and apply specific methodological proposals that argue for i) the use of a participatory approach to select assessment criteria; ii) the use of an impact assessment approach that allows to understand company’s practices rather than their mere reporting, through an articulation of assessment criteria and indicators based on existing theories, including in social sciences. In this regard, the Global commodity chain approach that identify chain governance and value distribution among chain actors as potential stressors or root causes of social and socio-economic problems in supply chains, seems particularly relevant; iii) the use of a nested approach to sustainability in which also economic and governance aspects are taken into account, in addition to managerial and “social” aspects of supply chains, which are usually included. With this work we aim to contribute for S-LCA to become an analytical tool contributing the improvement of main problems in supply chains, e.g. income, employment and working conditions, by analyzing their root causes. Our assessments of products traded under various alternative chains, including short food chains and a local Fair trade chain, reveal low income and poor employment conditions on farms. This rejects our assumption of better social sustainability performances of AFN products, when compared to those of mainstream chains. Those poor performances would originate in the mechanisms used (e.g. unbalanced power relations, low commitment between VCAs, unfair prices), which are similar in mainstream chains. This would tend to confirm our assumption that chain governance and transaction modalities (i.e. business practices of chain actors) impact on socioeconomic conditions of workers in supply chains (or for the social sustainability of products), this is why we think it is of interest to consider those aspects in S-LCA. Also, other, more contextual, elements seem to come into play, such as labor regulations in force, that would encourage the use of non-standard forms of employment, and broader market context that influences AFNs quite strongly, including on prices. This is why it seems also important to work on mainstream food chains to improve overall product sustainability. Our research confirms the applicability and relevance of our methodological proposals, however further applications could be useful for further validation and methodological developments. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Préoccupés par les pratiques agricoles qui nuisent à la santé humaine et environnementale, des réseaux d'agriculteurs équatoriens se sont organisés autour d’une alternative plus durable, l'agroécologie, au moment où une transition nutritionnelle conduit la population rurale à des niveaux sans précédents de surpoids et d'obésité, alors que persistent des carences en micronutriments, créant ainsi un double fardeau de malnutrition. À travers les réseaux d'alimentation alternative (RAA) basés sur l'agroécologie, les agriculteurs et leurs alliés reconnaissent de plus en plus les liens entre les pratiques agricoles saines et la consommation d'aliments sains. De nombreuses publications ont exploré la manière avec laquelle les interventions agricoles peuvent améliorer la nutrition, par exemple, en favorisant la diversité de la production, en augmentant les revenus et en renforçant l'autonomie des femmes. L'agroécologie possède un grand potentiel d’action sur ces mécanismes. Toutefois, comme l'agroécologie se répand souvent en tant que mouvement social plutôt qu'en tant qu'intervention systématique, des recherches empiriques sont encore nécessaires pour évaluer les liens entre l'agroécologie et les pratiques alimentaires des agriculteurs. Cette thèse explore comment les pratiques de production et le capital social promus par les RAA agroécologiques peuvent être associés à des pratiques alimentaires uniques, avec le potentiel de soutenir la santé nutritionnelle face à l'obésité et aux carences en micronutriments. Suivant une approche participative de recherche, un devis mixte séquentiel exploratoire comprenant l'ethnographie, des entretiens avec des informateurs clés, des discussions de groupe et une enquête transversale comparant des agricultrices appartenant aux RAA agroécologiques à leurs voisines agricultrices non participantes a été appliqué. Les résultats montrent que les participantes aux RAA ont obtenu de meilleurs résultats que leurs voisines à travers de multiples indicateurs d'adéquation et de modération alimentaires. Les analyses suggèrent en outre que les RAA agroécologiques soutiennent ces meilleurs résultats nutritionnels en renforçant la diversité de la production et le capital social qui, à leur tour, favorisent la consommation d'aliments issus de l’auto-production et de l'économie sociale (par exemple le troc), ainsi que la consommation d'aliments traditionnels. Ces résultats démontrent empiriquement comment l'agroécologie peut agir sur les mécanismes liant l'agriculture à la nutrition pour favoriser une alimentation saine. Étant donné la nature du mouvement agroécologique mondial, largement auto-disséminé, l'agroécologie peut représenter une ressource endogène importante pour soutenir le bien-être nutritionnel des populations rurales. / Concerned with agricultural practices that harm human and environmental health, networks of farmers in Ecuador have organized around agroecology as a more sustainable alternative. This comes at a time in which a nutrition transition has driven Ecuador’s rural population to unprecedented levels of overweight and obesity, even while micronutrient deficiencies persist, thus creating a double burden of malnutrition. Through agroecology-based alternative food networks (AFNs), farmers and their allies have increasingly recognized the linkages between healthy agricultural practices and healthy food consumption. A breadth of literature explores how agriculture interventions can improve nutritional outcomes, such as by promoting production diversity, increasing incomes and empowering women. Agroecology has much potential to act on these pathways. However, because agroecology often spreads as a social movement rather than as a systematic intervention, empirical research assessing linkages between agroecology and farmers’ dietary practices is lacking. This thesis explores how the production practices and social capital promoted through agroecological AFNs may be associated with unique dietary practices that hold potential to support nutritional health in the face of both obesity and micronutrient deficiencies. To do so, this research implemented a participatory approach and sequential, exploratory mixed method design including ethnography, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and a cross-sectional survey comparing agroecology AFN participants and their non-participant farming neighbours. Findings show that AFN participants out-performed their neighbours on multiple indicators of dietary nutrient adequacy and moderation. Analyses further suggest that agroecological AFNs support these dietary outcomes by strengthening production diversity and social capital, which in turn promote the consumption of foods from own-production and from the social economy (e.g. barter) as well as promote the consumption of traditional foods. These results empirically demonstrate how agroecology can act on agriculture-nutrition pathways to enable healthy diets. Given the largely self-spreading nature of the global agroecology movement, agroecology may present an endogenous resource for supporting rural nutritional well-being.