A key property of projective varieties is the very ampleness of line bundles as this provides embeddings into projective space and allows us to express the variety in equational terms. In this thesis we study the general version of this property which is k- very ampleness of line bundles. We introduce the notation of critical k-very ampleness and compute it for abelian surfaces. The property of k-very ampleness is usually discussed using tools from divisor theory but we take a different approach and use methods from derived algebraic geometry as part of program to use properties of the derived category of a variety to access the geometry of the variety. In particular, we use the Fourier-Mukai transform, moduli spaces of sheaves and properties of Bridgeland stability. We compute walls for certain Bridgeland stable spaces and certain Chern characters and to complete the picture we study the moduli spaces of torsion sheaves with minimal first Chern class and we go on to compute the walls for these as well building on tools developed earlier in the thesis.

L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude de la structure symplectique des orbites coadjointes holomorphes, et de leurs projections.Une orbite coadjointe holomorphe O est une orbite coadjointe elliptique d'un groupe de Lie G réel semi-simple connexe non compact à centre fini provenant d'un espace symétrique hermitien G/K, telle que O puisse être naturellement munie d'une structure kählérienne G-invariante. Ces orbites coadjointes sont une généralisation de l'espace symétrique hermitien G/K.Dans cette thèse, nous prouvons que le symplectomorphisme de McDuff se généralise aux orbites coadjointes holomorphes, décrivant la structure symplectique de l'orbite O par le produit direct d'une orbite coadjointe compacte et d'un espace vectoriel symplectique. Ce symplectomorphisme est ensuite utilisé pour déterminer les équations de la projection de l'orbite O relative au sous-groupe compact maximal K de G, en faisant intervenir des résultats récents de Ressayre en Théorie Géométrique des Invariants. / This thesis studies the symplectic structure of holomorphic coadjoint orbits and the projection of such orbits.A holomorphic coadjoint orbit O is an elliptic coadjoint orbit which is endowed with a natural invariant Kählerian structure. These coadjoint orbits are defined for real semi-simple connected non compact Lie group G with finite center such that G/K is a Hermitian symmetric space, where K is a maximal compact subgroup of G. Holomorphic coadjoint orbits are a generalization of the Hermitian symmetric space G/K.In this thesis, we prove that the McDuff's symplectomorphism, available for Hermitian symmetric spaces, has an analogous for holomorphic coadjoint orbits. Then, using this symplectomorphism and recent GIT arguments from Ressayre, we compute the equations of the projection of the orbit O, relatively to the maximal compact subgroup K.

L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude de la structure symplectique des orbites coadjointes holomorphes, et de leurs projections. Une orbite coadjointe holomorphe O est une orbite coadjointe elliptique d'un groupe de Lie réel semi-simple, connexe, non compact et à centre fini, provenant d'un espace symétrique hermitien G/K, telle que O puisse être naturellement munie d'une structure kählérienne G-invariante. Ces orbites sont une généralisation de l'espace symétrique hermitien G/K. Dans cette thèse, nous prouvons que le symplectomorphisme de McDuff se généralise aux orbites coadjointes holomorphes, décrivant la structure symplectique de l'orbite O par le produit direct d'une orbite coadjointe compacte et d'un espace vectoriel symplectique. Ce symplectomorphisme est ensuite utilisé pour déterminer les équations de la projection de l'orbite O relative au sous-groupe compact maximal K de G, en faisant intervenir des résultats récents de Ressayre en Théorie Géométrique des Invariants.

La thèse est constituée de deux parties. La première concerne la très amplitude du diviseur canonique relatif, tandis que la seconde traite de la positivité de la caractéristique d'Euler de surfaces.Dans la première partie, on se donne une courbe régulière propre sur un anneau de Dedekind (dont les corps résiduels aux points fermés sont parfaits), de fibre générique de genre plus grand ou égal à 2. Après contractions de certains diviseurs verticaux, on obtient son modèle canonique. On montre que toute puissance tensorielle supérieure ou égale à 3 du faisceau dualisant relatif sur le modèle canonique est très ample. Ceci améliore un résultat de Jongmin Lee.Dans la deuxième partie, pour tout nombre premier p différent de 2, nous montrons qu'il existe une constante positive k_p, telle que pour toute surface projective lisse X de type général définie sur un corps algébriquement clos de caractéristique p, on ait l'inégalité \xi(O_X) ≥ k_pc_1^2(X). / This thesis is divided into 2 parts. The first part concerns with the amplitude of relative canonical divisors, and the second part deals with the positivity of the Euler characteristics of surfaces.In the first part, given a minimal arithmetic surface over a Dedekind ring whose residue fields at closed points are perfect, suppose the general fibre has genus at least 2, after contracting some vertical divisor, we will obtain its canonical model. We prove in this part that 3 or more times the relative canonical divisor of this canonical model is very ample. This simplifies and generalizes a result of Jongmin Lee.In the second part, we prove that for all prime numbers p>2, there is a positive number k_p, such that \xi(O_X) ≥ k_p c_1^2(X) holds true for all algebraic surfaces X of general type in characteristic p. In particular, \xi(O_X)>0. This answers a question of N. Shepherd Barron when p>2.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Priscila Ribeiro.pdf: 349438 bytes, checksum: a17979035d105c63cfa49a32e4e7252c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-16 / In this work, the focus of the inquiry is come back toward (1) the configuration of Ample Geriatric Evaluation and the effect of its use in the scope of the Alive Program more good best age (a set of activities proposals for an operator of plans of health in the São Paulo city) e, also, for (2) the quarrel of the contribution of the nursing in the promotion of health of the aged one. The use of the Ample Geriatric Evalution , disgnostic instrument considered by Warren (1930), has been tied with the adoption of new a paradigm in the attention to the health of the aged one, in function of the instauration of a differentiated look - more full and humanized - to approach the health condition and to guide therapeutical come back toward the improvement of the quality of life of this age segment. A qualitative boarding of the data - gotten through the accomplishment of interviews half-structuralized with participant citizens of the related Program associates to the notations, made for me (observing participant) of the accompaniment of the same ones -, was taken as one of the ways (beyond the quarrel properly theoretician) to make possible the commitment of inquiry with the object of this study. One notices that I gave priority when saying of the aged ones. I clarify, still, that the directed reflection took as reference theoretician-methodological the works of Canguilhem (1966), Beauvoir (1970), Geertz (1989) e Bogdan (1994). In the first chapter, I explore the concepts of health and illness and the way as such reflection (directed in the Medicine) has produced effect in the field of the Gerontology. I looked for to make to be valid the beddings of this field (that if distance of an exclusively biological vision of the aging and the oldness) to problematize the subjective-social condition of the aged ones submitted to the Ample Geriatric Evaluation. In as the chapter, what it is in cause is the joint of the team to multidiscipline required for the accomplishment of ample the geriatric evaluation - with prominence for the contribution of the nursing. What it was intended was, from a critical reading of representative authors of this field, to designate its necessary opening to the beddings that underpin the reflection directed in the gerontological studies. Finally, in the third chapter, I offer an interpretation of the data collected in the field research. The results of this enterprise had indicated that she is necessary to place in relief, in the specific formation required the nurse, a resizing of the health notion that includes the opening of listening for the complex demands restored in the practical one of care with the aged one. This creates the requirement of installation of the paradigm to interdisciplinary in the area of the health, what it implies, of my point of view, to take the aged one as protagonist of changes so that to live the oldness well it is possibility each time next to the reality (in such a way of the social point of view, as subjective). I wait that the debate carried through here contributes the reflection and awareness of the multiprofessional team of health on ample the geriatric evaluation and its function of disgnostic complementation, with emphasis in the education in health / Neste trabalho, o foco da investigação está voltado para (1) a configuração da Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla (AGA) e os efeitos da sua utilização no âmbito do Programa Viva melhor a melhor idade (um conjunto de atividades propostas por uma operadora de planos de saúde na cidade São Paulo) e, também, para (2) a discussão da contribuição da enfermagem na promoção de saúde do idoso. A utilização da AGA, instrumento diagnóstico proposto por Warren (1930), tem sido vinculada à adoção de um novo paradigma na atenção à saúde do idoso, em função da instauração de um olhar diferenciado - mais integral e humanizado para abordar a condição de saúde e orientar terapêuticas voltadas para a melhoria da qualidade de vida desse segmento etário. Uma abordagem qualitativa dos dados - obtidos através da realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com sujeitos participantes do referido Programa associadas às anotações, feitas por mim (observadora participante) do acompanhamento dos mesmos -, foi tomada como um dos meios (além da discussão propriamente teórica) para viabilizar o compromisso de investigação com o objeto deste estudo. Note-se que dei prioridade ao dizer dos idosos. Esclareço, ainda, que a reflexão encaminhada tomou como referencial teórico-metodológico os trabalhos de Canguilhem (1966), Beauvoir (1970), Geertz (1989) e Bogdan (1994). No primeiro capítulo, exploro os conceitos de saúde e doença e o modo como tal reflexão (encaminhada na Medicina) tem produzido efeitos no campo da Gerontologia. Procurei fazer valer os fundamentos deste campo (que se distancia de uma visão exclusivamente biológica do envelhecimento e da velhice) para problematizar a condição subjetivo-social dos idosos submetidos à AGA. No segundo capítulo, o que está em causa é a articulação da equipe multidisciplinar requerida para a realização da avaliação geriátrica ampla - com destaque para a contribuição da enfermagem. O que se pretendeu foi, a partir de uma leitura crítica de autores representativos desse campo, assinalar sua necessária abertura aos fundamentos que alicerçam a reflexão encaminhada nos estudos gerontológicos. Finalmente, no terceiro capítulo, ofereço uma interpretação dos dados coletados na pesquisa de campo. Os resultados desse empreendimento indicaram que é preciso colocar em relevo, na formação específica requerida ao enfermeiro, um redimensionamento da noção de saúde que inclua a abertura da escuta para as complexas demandas instauradas na prática de cuidado com o idoso. Isso cria a exigência de assunção do paradigma interdisciplinar na área da saúde, o que implica, do meu ponto de vista, tomar o idoso como protagonista de mudanças para que viver bem a velhice seja possibilidade cada vez mais próxima da realidade (tanto do ponto de vista social, como subjetivo). Espero que o debate aqui realizado contribua a reflexão e conscientização da equipe multiprofissional de saúde sobre a avaliação geriátrica ampla e a sua função de complementação diagnóstica, com ênfase na educação em saúde

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvio Carlos Alvares.pdf: 490560 bytes, checksum: dfaf83ea996c96133ed104e25b5bddfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-25 / The present work is an analysis of the possibility of implantation in our criminal processual legal system, of the inedited institute of the compulsive criminal revision in dative defense. Without any doubt, the Constitution of 1988, post dictatorial regimen, brought a significant change in the life of the Brazilian citizens. Amongst the constitutional principles known as fundamental, we have the human being and dignity the ample defense. The first innovator as expressed principle. The second with bigger intensity, becoming the guarantee and expressed right of any citizen. In the union of both this work was developed. The necessity of the roll of performance of the institute of the Criminal Revision, circumscribed to the hypotheses defined in 1941, with the advance of the social relationships and their consequences, primordially the guarantees and fundamental rights of the citizen, reached by the Federal Constitution suffered a study of enlargement, without losing sight of the exceptional character of such instrument. It justifies the importance of the present work as it defends the interests of the agent condemned in definitive character, based on the human being dignity and in ample defense, having his defense accomplished by court appointed defensor, who is not, obviously, an individual of his personal confidence, since one is nominated by turn. Besides, it does not lose the restrictive character of its applicability in order not to transform itself into an institute of impunity, since it brings expressed requirements, among them, the one that the decision has not been previously reviewed by any kind of ordinary resource / O presente trabalho é uma análise da possibilidade de implantação em nosso sistema jurídico processual penal do instituto inédito da revisão criminal compulsória em defesa dativa. Sem dúvida, a Constituição de 1988, pós-regime ditatorial, trouxe significativa mudança na vida dos cidadãos brasileiros. Dentre os princípios constitucionais tidos como fundamentais temos a dignidade da pessoa humana e ampla defesa. A primeira, inovadora como princípio expresso. A segunda com maior intensidade sendo revelada como garantia e direito expresso de qualquer cidadão. Na conjugação das duas houve a elaboração deste trabalho. A necessidade de que o rol de atuação do instituto da Revisão Criminal, circunscrito às hipóteses definidas em 1941, com o avanço das relações sociais e suas conseqüências, primordialmente as garantias e direitos fundamentais do cidadão, alcançados pela Constituição Federal sofresse um estudo de ampliação, sem se perder de vista o caráter excepcional de tal medida. Justifica-se a importância do presente trabalho visto defender os interesses do agente condenado em caráter definitivo, alicerçado na dignidade da pessoa humana e na ampla defesa, tendo sua defesa efetivada por defensor dativo, que não é, obviamente, pessoa de sua confiança pessoal, já que nomeado por rodízio. Além disso, não se perde o caráter restritivo de sua aplicabilidade para não se transformar em instituto de impunidade, já que traz requisitos expressos, entre eles, o de que a decisão não tenha sido anteriormente reexaminada através de nenhuma espécie de recurso ordinário

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana da Silva Paggiatto Camacho.pdf: 756384 bytes, checksum: 5b8ff17557686b850a2689d108602a95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-28 / This study aims to analyse the principle of reasonable duration of proceedings in relation to procedural reforms guarantees of access to justice, contradictory and full defense. If you live in times in which anxiety is the storm of modern society. Seeks to produce several activities simultaneously both domestic and professional; there is a plurality of activities execution and interpersonal relationships in short periods of time. So there is also the impact of this dynamic law, and therefore would not be different under the process, now more than ever it seeks to build mechanism to make the process quicker meeting the expectations of society. The objectives pursued in this work, briefly, are: (a) conceptualize principle; (b) conceptualize the principles of reasonable duration of proceedings, access to justice, contradictory and full defense; and (c) discuss the recent procedural reforms as well as on the Draft Code of Civil Procedure. As said, the topic is of paramount importance in view of all legislative reforms in the civil case and the impending enactment of a new Code of Civil Procedure, which seeks to clearly bring more promptness in support of the constitutional principle of reasonable duration of the process and bring greater effectiveness judgments. So work on screen, has the ultimate goal collate the principle of reasonable duration of the process with other basic principles and guarantees: access to justice, contradictory and full defense on an analysis of mitigation latest fundamental guarantees in the recent reforms in the speed allowance procedural / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o princípio da razoável duração do processo nas reformas processuais face às garantias de acesso à Justiça, contraditório e ampla defesa. Esta preocupação parte de um momento social no qual domina a ansiedade pela produção de diversas atividades, simultaneamente, além da manutenção de relações interpessoais em curtos períodos de tempo. Sendo o Direito reflexo da sociedade, esta dinâmica também atinge o Direito, inclusive no âmbito do processo: atualmente, busca-se construir mecanismos eficazes para atender aos anseios da sociedade. Entretanto, existem outros anseios sociais que podem ser atingidos nesta busca pela rápida prestação jurisdicional e que precisam ser tratados com cautela, como os direitos de acesso à Justiça, do contraditório e da ampla defesa. A importância do tema é explícita por estas diversas reformas legislativas no âmbito do Processo Civil e pela promulgação do novo Código de Processo Civil, que busca, com clareza, trazer mais celeridade processual em abono ao princípio constitucional da razoável duração do processo, bem como trazer maior efetividade às decisões judiciais. Mas estas decisões que atendem ao princípio da razoável duração do processo precisam considerar outros princípios e garantias fundamentais: acesso à Justiça, contraditório e ampla defesa em uma análise de mitigação das últimas garantias fundamentais nas recentes reformas em abono à celeridade processual

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la géométrie des variétés de Fano complexes en utilisant les propriétés des sous-faisceaux du fibré tangent et la géométrie du diviseur fondamental. Les résultats principaux compris dans ce texte sont : (i) Une généralisation de la conjecture de Hartshorne: une variété lisse projective est isomorphe à un espace projectif si et seulement si son fibré tangent contient un sous-faisceau ample.(ii) Stabilité du fibré tangent des variétés de Fano lisses de nombre de Picard un : à l'aide de théorèmes d'annulation sur les espaces hermitiens symétriques irréductibles de type compact M, nous montrons que pour presque toute intersection complète générale dans M, le fibré tangent est stable. La même méthode nous permet de donner une réponse sur la stabilité de la restriction du fibré tangent de l'intersection complète à une hypersurface générale.(iii) Non-annulation effective pour des variétés de Fano et ses applications : nous étudions la positivité de la seconde classe de Chern des variétés de Fano lisses de nombre de Picard un. Ceci nous permet de montrer un théorème de non-annulation pour les variétés de Fano lisses de dimension n et d'indice n-3. Comme application, nous étudions la géométrie anticanonique des variétés de Fano et nous calculons les constantes de Seshadri des diviseurs anticanoniques des variétés de Fano d'indice grand.(iv) Diviseurs fondamentaux des variétés de Moishezon lisses de dimension trois et de nombre de Picard un : nous montrons l'existence d'un diviseur lisse dans le système fondamental dans certain cas particulier. / This thesis is devoted to the study of complex Fano varieties via the properties of subsheaves of the tangent bundle and the geometry of the fundamental divisor. The main results contained in this text are:(i) A generalization of Hartshorne's conjecture: a projective manifold is isomorphic to a projective space if and only if its tangent bundle contains an ample subsheaf.(ii) Stability of tangent bundles of Fano manifolds with Picard number one: by proving vanishing theorems on the irreducible Hermitian symmetric spaces of compact type M, we establish that the tangent bundles of almost all general complete intersections in M are stable. Moreover, the same method also gives an answer to the problem of stability of the restriction of the tangent bundle of a complete intersection on a general hypersurface.(iii) Effective non-vanishing for Fano varieties and its applications: we study the positivity of the second Chern class of Fano manifolds with Picard number one, this permits us to prove a non-vanishing result for n-dimensional Fano manifolds with index n-3. As an application, we study the anticanonical geometry of Fano varieties and calculate the Seshadri constants of anticanonical divisors of Fano manifolds with large index.(iv) Fundamental divisors of smooth Moishezon threefolds with Picard number one: we prove the existence of a smooth divisor in the fundamental linear system in some special cases.