The global spread of the neoliberal paradigm has propelled a recent worldwide trend of educational decentralization/centralization policies. Such policies constitute a contradictory ensemble that has shifted authority and accountability across national, provincial or state, municipal, and school levels. They have also been marked by contestation over the extent to which curricula are nationally standardized or locally defined. Education reform in Brazil in this regard has been shaped by a confluence of neoliberal and critical theoretical currents: enhance the nation’s economic competitiveness in the global market and redress pressing societal issues. Using Basil Bernstein’s concepts of classification and framing together with critical educational scholars’ conceptualizations of knowledge and knowledge in the official and enacted curriculum as conceptual and theoretical frameworks, this comparative ethnographic case study examines the nexus between curriculum, knowledge, and pedagogy in municipal schools in Brazil’s Northeast. In doing so it addresses gaps in comparative educational research on curriculum knowledge along with how educational decentralization/centralization policies are implemented in practice. The central thesis is that municipal school curricula knowledge dynamics—the classification and framing of knowledge in the official curriculum and the relation of such with what knowledge is legitimized in classrooms, how such is transmitted and analyzed, and why—in Brazil’s Northeast encompass a multilevel web of contradictions. This web spans incongruent ideologies, opposing elements of autonomy and accountability, conflicting pedagogical principles and practices, and a chasm between curriculum ideals and urban periphery municipal school realities.

The global spread of the neoliberal paradigm has propelled a recent worldwide trend of educational decentralization/centralization policies. Such policies constitute a contradictory ensemble that has shifted authority and accountability across national, provincial or state, municipal, and school levels. They have also been marked by contestation over the extent to which curricula are nationally standardized or locally defined. Education reform in Brazil in this regard has been shaped by a confluence of neoliberal and critical theoretical currents: enhance the nation’s economic competitiveness in the global market and redress pressing societal issues. Using Basil Bernstein’s concepts of classification and framing together with critical educational scholars’ conceptualizations of knowledge and knowledge in the official and enacted curriculum as conceptual and theoretical frameworks, this comparative ethnographic case study examines the nexus between curriculum, knowledge, and pedagogy in municipal schools in Brazil’s Northeast. In doing so it addresses gaps in comparative educational research on curriculum knowledge along with how educational decentralization/centralization policies are implemented in practice. The central thesis is that municipal school curricula knowledge dynamics—the classification and framing of knowledge in the official curriculum and the relation of such with what knowledge is legitimized in classrooms, how such is transmitted and analyzed, and why—in Brazil’s Northeast encompass a multilevel web of contradictions. This web spans incongruent ideologies, opposing elements of autonomy and accountability, conflicting pedagogical principles and practices, and a chasm between curriculum ideals and urban periphery municipal school realities.

Starting in the everyday life of Söderhamn’s youth, this thesis presents the driving forces that affect youth as they make decisions to stay in or to leave their home region. The research has been done with an interactive approach in close collaboration with youth and adults, and a number of different methods have been used. Based on the interviews, essays, questionnaires, conversations and meetings that underlie this work, the ambition has been to participate and contribute to the formation of knowledge in dialog with the youth and the adults who surround them. The dissertation (thesis) shows that society’s basic structures have great influence on youth’s decision whether to stay or leave. Important factors are actual circumstances, such as the access that youth have to resources – economical, social, and cultural. Society’s gender order has a big impact on the question whether to move or stay. Likewise, the tension between center and periphery plays an essential role – where the power to define what is “right” and “natural” coincides with values on how youth “are” and “should be”. The dissertation (thesis) shows that the interplay between these factors appears different for different individuals and groups, and that the interplay has significance both for the move/stay –decision and for the youth’s desire and possibility to participate in and have influence over society’s development in the region. / Med utgångspunkt i Söderhamnsungdomarnas vardag visar denna avhandling vilka drivkrafter som påverkar ungdomar i de beslut de fattar om att stanna kvar i, eller flytta ifrån, hemregionen. Forskningen har skett utifrån en interaktiv ansats i nära samverkan med ungdomar och vuxna, och flera olika metoder har använts. Utifrån de intervjuer, uppsatser, enkäter, samtal och möten som ligger till grund för arbetet har ambitionen med avhandlings-arbetet varit att delta i och bidra till ett kunskapsbildande i dialog med ungdomarna och de vuxna i deras närhet. Avhandlingen visar att samhällets grundstrukturer har ett stort inflytande på ungdomarnas flytta/stanna-beslut. Viktiga faktorer är de faktiska förhållandena i samhället där unga har olika tillgång till resurser, såväl ekonomiskt, socialt som kulturellt. I flytta/stanna-frågan har den samhälleliga genusordningen har stor genomslagskraft. Likaså spelar spänningen mellan centrum och periferi en väsentlig roll – där makten att definiera vad som är ”rätt” och ”naturligt” sammanfaller med värderingar av hur ungdomar ”är” och ”ska vara”. Avhandlingen visar att samspelet mellan dessa faktorer ser olika ut för olika individer/grupper och att utfallet av samspelet spelar en väsentlig roll dels för de ungas flytta/stanna- beslut, men också för de ungas vilja och deras möjlighet att delta i och ha inflytande över samhällsutvecklingen i regionen.

Adopting a minimalist framework, the dissertation provides an analysis for the syntactic structure of comparatives, with special attention paid to the derivation of the subclause. The proposed account explains how the comparative subclause is connected to the matrix clause, how the subclause is formed in the syntax and what additional processes contribute to its final structure. In addition, it casts light upon these problems in cross-linguistic terms and provides a model that allows for synchronic and diachronic differences. This also enables one to give a more adequate explanation for the phenomena found in English comparatives since the properties of English structures can then be linked to general settings of the language and hence need no longer be considered as idiosyncratic features of the grammar of English. First, the dissertation provides a unified analysis of degree expressions, relating the structure of comparatives to that of other degrees. It is shown that gradable adjectives are located within a degree phrase (DegP), which in turn projects a quantifier phrase (QP) and that these two functional layers are always present, irrespectively of whether there is a phonologically visible element in these layers. Second, the dissertation presents a novel analysis of Comparative Deletion by reducing it to an overtness constraint holding on operators: in this way, it is reduced to morphological differences and cross-linguistic variation is not conditioned by way of postulating an arbitrary parameter. Cross-linguistic differences are ultimately dependent on whether a language has overt operators equipped with the relevant – [+compr] and [+rel] – features. Third, the dissertation provides an adequate explanation for the phenomenon of Attributive Comparative Deletion, as attested in English, by way of relating it to the regular mechanism of Comparative Deletion. I assume that Attributive Comparative Deletion is not a universal phenomenon, and its presence in English can be conditioned by independent, more general rules, while the absence of such restrictions leads to its absence in other languages. Fourth, the dissertation accounts for certain phenomena related to diachronic changes, examining how the changes in the status of comparative operators led to changes in whether Comparative Deletion is attested in a given language: I argue that only operators without a lexical XP can be grammaticalised. The underlying mechanisms underlying are essentially general economy principles and hence the processes are not language-specific or exceptional. Fifth, the dissertation accounts for optional ellipsis processes that play a crucial role in the derivation of typical comparative subclauses. These processes are not directly related to the structure of degree expressions and hence the elimination of the quantified expression from the subclause; nevertheless, they are shown to be in interaction with the mechanisms underlying Comparative Deletion or the absence thereof. / Unter Verwendung eines minimalistischen Frameworks wird in der Dissertation eine Analyse der syntaktischen Struktur von Vergleichskonstruktionen vorgestellt, mit besonderem Augenmerk auf der Ableitung des eingebetteten Satzes. Die vorgeschlagene Analyse erklärt, wie der komparative Nebensatz mit dem Matrixsatz verbunden ist, wie der Nebensatz in der Syntax gebildet wird und welche zusätzlichen Prozesse zu seiner endgültigen Struktur beitragen. Außerdem beleuchtet sie diese Probleme aus cross-linguistischer Sicht und bietet ein Modell, das synchrone und diachrone Unterschiede berücksichtigt. Dies ermöglicht auch eine adäquatere Erklärung der Phänomene in englischen Vergleichskonstruktionen, da die Eigenschaften der englischen Strukturen mit allgemeinen Eigenschaften der Sprache verknüpft werden und es daher nicht mehr nötig ist, sie als idiosynkratrische Merkmale der Grammatik der englischen Sprache zu behandeln. Die Dissertation bietet zum einen eine einheitliche Analyse von Gradphrasen, wobei die Struktur von Vergleichskonstruktionen mit der von anderen Graden verbunden wird. Es wird gezeigt, dass graduierbare Adjektive sich in einer Gradphrase (degree phrase, DegP) befinden, die wiederum eine Quantorenphrase (QP) projiziert, und dass diese beiden Funktionsschichten immer vorhanden sind, unabhängig davon, ob es ein phonologisch sichtbares Element in diesen Schichten gibt. Zweitens präsentiert die Dissertation eine neue Analyse von Komparativ-Tilgung (Comparative Deletion), die auf eine Overtheits-Bedingung für Operatoren reduziert wird: dadurch wird das Phänomen auf morphologische Unterschiede zurückgeführt, und cross-linguistische Variation wird nicht durch die Postulierung eines arbiträren Parameters begründet. Cross-linguistische Unterschiede sind letztlich davon abhängig, ob eine Sprache overte Operatoren mit den relevanten Merkmalen – [+ compr] und [+ rel] – hat. Drittens bietet die Dissertation eine adäquate Erklärung für das Phänomen der attributiven Komparativ-Tilgung (Attributive Comparative Deletion), wie man sie im Englischen findet, indem sie mit dem regulären Mechanismus der Komparativ-Tilgung in Zusammenhang gebracht wird. Ich gehe davon aus, dass attributive Komparativ-Tilgung kein universelles Phänomen ist, und dass ihr Vorhandensein im Englischen durch unabhängige, allgemeinere Regeln erfasst werden kann, während das Fehlen solcher Regeln zur Abwesenheit des Phänomens in anderen Sprachen führt. Viertens erklärt die Dissertation bestimmte Phänomene in Bezug auf diachronische Veränderungen und untersucht, wie Veränderungen im Status der Komparativoperatoren beeinflussen, ob Komparativ-Tilgung in einer Sprache vorkommt: Ich argumentiere dafür, dass nur Operatoren ohne eine lexikalische XP grammatikalisiert werden können. Die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen sind im Wesentlichen allgemeine Prinzipien der Ökonomie, und damit sind die Prozesse nicht sprachspezifisch oder Ausnahmen. Fünftens bietet die Dissertation eine Erklärung für optionale Ellipsenprozesse, die bei der Ableitung von typischen komparativen Nebensätzen eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Diese Prozesse haben nicht direkt mit der Struktur von Gradphrasen und somit mit der Entfernung der quantifizierten Phrase aus dem Nebensatz zu tun; aber es wird gezeigt, dass sie mit den Mechanismen, die Komparativ-Tilgung oder deren Abwesenheit zugrunde liegen, interagieren.

The Master's Thesis deals with an analysis of regional differentiation in micro-regions of Moravian-Silesian Region. However, the analysis focuses on period of industrialization, periods before and after industrialization are also included. Development of population has been under the influence of several factors such as railway transport and both hierarchical and administrative position. A brief comparison with other regions of the Czech Republic is also embraced. The main focus is on the analysis on the level of micro-regions of individual municipalities. Historical development determined creation of special relationship between Core and Periphery. The part of the Thesis is devoted to a synthesis which divides micro-regions into categories according to the developing tendencies. Succinct comment is dedicated to the analysis of developing trends, key determinants and prediction of further population development. The hypothesis are held in the Introduction and confirmed or disproved in the Conclusion.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-09-14T18:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasMedrado.pdf: 1822426 bytes, checksum: 9a6c97c716563149d1501c2719d77fa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T18:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasMedrado.pdf: 1822426 bytes, checksum: 9a6c97c716563149d1501c2719d77fa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The dissertation was concerned to analyze the relationship of thugs and former bandits with Pentecostalism in Fortified Assembly of God in Christ (ADFEC), located at São Jorge Garden slum outskirts of Ademar City, southern region of the capital of São Paulo. Interested in understanding the interactions of these agents and which way the church played its work in a Pentecostal space. The research had as main objective, to examine the approaches of crime and Pentecostalism indicating their breaks and special characteristics. Fieldwork was dedicated in collecting data proving performance of ADFEC together to crime agents, and to what extent the religious affiliation of the agents gained importance. Finally, we reflect on the accession of thugs and former bandits to Pentecostalism and the influence of membership in the community's daily life. / A dissertação preocupou-se em analisar as relações de bandidos e ex-bandidos com o pentecostalismo na Assembleia de Deus Fortificada em Cristo (ADFEC), situada na favela Jardim São Jorge, periferia da Cidade Ademar, região Sul da capital de São Paulo. Interessou-nos compreender as interações desses agentes e de qual maneira a igreja desempenhou seu trabalho em um espaço pentecostal. A pesquisa, teve como objetivo fundamental, examinar as aproximações da criminalidade e o pentecostalismo indicando suas rupturas e características peculiares. O trabalho de campo se dedicou em coletar dados que comprovassem atuação da ADFEC juntos aos agentes do crime, e em que medida a filiação religiosa dos agentes ganhava importância. Por fim, buscamos refletir sobre a adesão de bandidos e ex-bandidos ao pentecostalismo e a influência dessa adesão no cotidiano da comunidade.

In this article the author compares from an archaeological perspective two models used in paleo-linguistic studies. The first is inspired by the discussion on the formation of the Indo-European family and is diffusionist and evolutionary in nature. The second emerges from debates on the history of the Semitic language family in which the emphasis is on mechanisms of interaction: between core and periphery, and, lingua franca with local languages and dialects. The author concludes that it is the second model that might allow us to describe properly the environmental characteristics and particular causes which determined the transformations of the linguistic map of the prehistoric Central Andes. To judge from the impressive stability of cultural boundaries which overlap with hypothetical language frontier, the distribution of pre-Hispanic languages in Colonial times reconstructed by linguists ought to coincide with a map of the proto-languages in the mid-first millennium BC (cal.). New relationships at different levels — and also certain distances — seem to have been established during two periods of instability, after the decline of Chavín, and, after the collapse of Huari and Tiahuanaco. It is likely that both proto-Quechua and proto-Aimara, began to assume the role of general languages for Huari and Tiahuanaco, respectively, starting in the Middle Horizon. The exceptional spread of these languages is likely due to their role as general languages. / En el presente artículo comparo, desde la perspectiva arqueológica, dos modelos utilizados en los estudios paleolingüísticos. Uno está inspirado en la discusión sobre la formación de la familia indoeuropea y tiene carácter difusionista y evolutivo. En el segundo, alimentado por los debates sobre la historia de la familia semita de lenguas, el énfasis radica en los mecanismos de interacción: centro-semiperiferia, lengua franca respecto a lenguas y dialectos locales. Por este medio, llego a la conclusión de que solo el segundo modelo permite describir a plenitud las características del entorno y las causas particulares que condicionaron las transformaciones del mapa de los idiomas en los Andes centrales prehistóricos. La distribución de las lenguas prehispánicas en tiempos coloniales, reconstruida por los lingüistas, debió coincidir, en buen grado, con el mapa de las protolenguas a mediados del primer milenio a.C. (calib.), a juzgar por la impactante estabilidad de las fronteras culturales a las que se sobreponen las hipotéticas fronteras lingüísticas. Nuevas relaciones de parentesco en diferentes ámbitos —y, también, algunas distancias— parecen haberse establecido en dos periodos de inestabilidad: luego del ocaso de Chavín y después del colapso de Huari y de Tiahuanaco. Es probable que tanto el protoquechua como el protoaimara empezaran a tener el papel de lenguas generales para Huari y para Tiahuanaco, respectivamente, a partir del Horizonte Medio. La excepcional difusión de ambos idiomas se puede atribuir a esta función.

The master's thesis deals with the formation of territorial differentiation in South Bohemia region from the point of population development. The structure of the regional settlement system has undergone dynamic and uneven development that has been affected by a wide range of varied factors. As a result of their spatial interactions, numerous micro-regional disparities appeared. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the impact of these factors both at the level of individual municipalities and the level of micro-regions. Empirical data for this research were collected from the national population censuses, regularly gathered from 1869. Because of this time constraint, the main attention is paid to the industrial period that is also considered as the most important stage for urbanization processes. The study is divided into four significant parts: the crucial analytical part is preceded by a brief introduction of the most important possible determinants and the contextualization of regional population development in the context of nationwide trends. The third part is the core of the research that is based on the analysis of key factors on a sample of 103 selected South Bohemian municipalities. The second analytical part builds on the conclusions of the previous one and deals with an assessment of changes in the dynamics of population development at the micro-regional level. Within the final synthesis, the micro-regions are divided into categories based on the core-periphery concept. Furthermore, the generalization of the main trends and the prediction is implemented. Finally, all the research hypotheses are both confirmed or refused.

O ponto de partida desta tese são questões suscitadas pela prática clínica desenvolvida pela autora, psicóloga e psicanalista, em uma Unidade de Saúde de Atenção Primária, do Serviço de Saúde Comunitária do Grupo Hospital Conceição, vinculado ao Ministério da Saúde, na cidade de Porto Alegre (RS). O objetivo consiste em buscar compreender manifestações sintomáticas, referidas a atos de violência por parte de portadores do estigma de exclusão social, e, igualmente, as manifestações de protagonismo, marcadas pela presença de uma palavra singular em pulsação no laço social – ambas depreendidas do cotidiano nesse território de trabalho na periferia urbana. Nessa busca, foram investigadas as condições históricas e estruturais das quais adveio a captura dos corpos a quem foi atribuído tal estigma, assim como as operações psíquicas, necessárias para a constituição do sujeito em um laço discursivo; na investigação, levou-se em conta igualmente os efeitos da lógica neoliberal capitalista, que ordena a sociedade de classes no mundo ocidental contemporâneo. O estudo da historiografia das formações sociais que deram corpo ao mal-estar e às tensões sociais nas cidades brasileiras e, mais especificamente, na cidade de Porto Alegre, possibilitou conferir maior especificidade ao embate entre forças sociais desiguais e antagônicas – figuradas nas posições senhor e escravo –, que caracterizou o fundamento e o transcurso da maior parte da história local, regional e nacional. As condições históricas para o agenciamento subjetivo da parte mais frágil da contenda foram rastreadas neste estudo, relacionando as resistências a ocupar o lugar de dejeto à inscrição de novos traços discursivos, dos quais poderia decorrer, como potência, a emergência de novas séries de significação na cultura brasileira. Tendo trabalhado na interface entre a psicanálise freudolacaniana e o campo da historiografia, com apoio em argumentos da clínica, este trabalho ratifica que a não transmissão de uma herança simbólica, a ser apropriada como um lugar para o sujeito no Outro, situa, por consequência, o traumático da objetalização como legado; o ato violento, nesta condição específica, é afirmado como o recurso pelo qual o sujeito tenta salvar sua singularidade. Igualmente ressalta-se o processo de agenciamento de uma refundação da história, que, hoje em dia, vem se efetuando em todo território nacional, como expressão legítima de uma posição discursiva, que articulou séries significantes a partir da inscrição de traços remontáveis ao período aqui estudado. A necessária função do reconhecimento do Outro e do semelhante para a constituição subjetiva foi demarcada, e considerações sobre as instituições e a técnica nesta clínica da exclusão foram exploradas na apresentação de três casos clínicos. Novas perguntas, de ordem ética, estética e política, a respeito dos temas da exclusão e da inscrição dos sujeitos na ordem social, são formuladas na conclusão deste trabalho da tese. / The starting point of this thesis are questions emerged from the clinical practice developed by the author, who is a psychologist and psychoanalyst, in a First Aid Health Unity (Unidade de Saúde de Atenção Primária), part of the Community Health Service of the Conceição Hospital Group, linked to the Health Ministry, in the city of Porto Alegre. It aims at understanding symptomatic manifestations, referred to acts of violence performed by individuals suffering from stigma of social exclusion, as well as to understand the manifestations of protagonism, characterized by the presence of a singular word in pulsation in the social bond – both emerged from the quotidian in this work field in urban periphery. In this quest, it was investigated the historical and structural conditions where the bodies that received such stigma stemmed from, as well as the psychic operations, necessary for the constitution of a subject in a discourse bond; during the investigation, it was also taken into account the effects of the neoliberal capitalist logics, which defines the society of classes in the contemporary western world. The study of the historiography of the social formations that originated the uneasiness and the social tensions in Brazilian cities and, more specifically, in the city of Porto Alegre, enabled this paper to assign greater specificity to the clash of unequal and antagonistic social powers – represented by the positions of ‗master‘ and slave – that has characterized the basis and the existence of most of the local, as well as regional and national history. The historic conditions for the subjective agency of the most fragile part of the dispute were tracked down in this study, relating the resistance for occupying the trash object‘s place to the inscription of the new discursive traits, from which the emergence of new signifying chains in the Brazilian culture could, potentially, arise from. Having worked on the interface between the Freudian/Lacanian psychoanalysis and the field of historiography, supported by clinic arguments, this work ratifies that the non-transmission of a symbolic heritage, to be appropriated as a place for the subject on the Other, determines, consequently, the traumatic of the objectalization as a legacy. The violent act, in this sense, is seen as a resource by which the subject tries to save their singularity, but it is also highlighted the process to renew history, which, nowadays, has been performing throughout the country, as a legitimate expression of a discursive position, which is considered as articulating significant series due to the entry of traces arisen from the period here studied. The recognition from the Other and from fellows creatures as a necessary function (agency) for subjective constitution was framed, and considerations about the institutions and the technique for deal with this clinic of exclusion were explored in the presentation of three clinical cases. New questions of ethical, aesthetic and political aspects, related to the issues of exclusion and subjective inscription in the social order, are proposed at the conclusion section of this thesis.

Com objetivo de contribuir para a compreensão antropológica da experiência urbana nas grandes cidades contemporâneas, este estudo aborda o tema da construção e reconstrução das trajetórias individuais e coletivas entre grupos populares, dialogando com a literatura contemporânea das Antropologias da Performance, Música, Globalização, Prática e Urbana. Faz isso evocando os sentidos de: “ser DJ (disc-jóquei)”, tocar música eletrônica (drum & bass e techno), realizar e participar de festas, para indivíduos residentes nas periferias urbanas de São Paulo, mostrando como estes sentidos são por eles construídos, estando permeados por questões de classe, etnia/raça, gênero e geração. O estudo descreve e analisa as trajetórias de nove DJs em diferentes momentos de suas carreiras, procurando situá-las no cenário etnográfico da pesquisa, reconstruído com descrições de campo e com o auxílio das narrativas dos vinte e cinco DJs entrevistados. Mostra que, embora haja diferentes modos de equilibrar o antagonismo percebido entre, por um lado, “ser DJ”, e por outro, ser um trabalhador de baixa qualificação (auxiliar de escritório, entregador, confeiteira, cobrador de ônibus, etc.), “ser DJ” representa um desvio em relação ao conceito dominante de trajetória no mundo sociocultural no qual foram socializados. Este desvio, por sua vez, seria potencializado/produzido pela mediação do caráter crítico, “estranho”, da música eletrônica – linguagem musical e performática globalizada – para a sensibilidade, esquemas interpretativos e categorias de entendimento dominantes entre os grupos populares de São Paulo, o que parece ser, para os seus adeptos, o principal apelo deste tipo de linguagem expressiva. / In attempting to contribute to the anthropological understanding of the urban experience at the contemporary big cities, the study approaches the issue of construction and reconstruction of individual and collective trajectories among working classes, setting up a theoretical dialogue with the fields of Anthropology of Performance, Music, Globalization, Practice and Urban Anthropology. It realizes that by evoking the meaning of being a “DJ”, performing electronica (drum & bass and techno) and promoting parties, for individuals dwelling in the urban peripheries of São Paulo, thereby showing how these meanings are constructed by them, intertwined with issues of class, ethnicity/race, gender and generation. The study depicts and analyses the trajectories of nine DJs in different moments of their careers, attempting to situate them into the ethnographical scenario through its reconstruction by field descriptions and narratives of twenty-five DJs. It shows that, despite the different ways to balance the antagonism perceived between, by one hand, “being a DJ”, and by the other, being a low-qualified worker (office boy, deliver boy, baker, bus cashier, etc.), “being a DJ” represents a deviation against the dominant concept of trajectory for the socio-cultural world within which they were socialized. That deviation would be potentialized/achieved through the mediation of the “strange”, critical character of electronica – a musical and performative globalized language – to the dominant sensibility, interpretive schemas and categories of understanding among the working classes of São Paulo, which seems to be the main appeal of this kind of expressive language for its adepts.