This thesis deals with the long-term changes in the landscape of border areas of selected military bases in Bohemia  Brdy and Hradiště. Specifically, in these areas it is focused on land use changes since half of the 19th century to the present. Its main objective is to identify whether and to what extent military bases affect character and intensity of land use changes beyond their borders. The first part of the thesis is devoted to general solutions relating to the key topics/concepts representing thematic base for further work (landscape, spatial polarization and military bases). The methodology of this part is based on research and discussions of literature and other sources. In the second part of the thesis the focus is on the spatial definition and characteristics of both areas of our interest. The third part is based on the knowledge of the previous two parts, and is engaged in the land use changes research in both areas. This research has a quantitative nature and is based on the use of statistical data provided by the LUCC Czechia database, which were further processed and evaluated. Final part of the thesis is based on the results of the third part and discusses the possible impact of the military bases to changes in land use in the close border areas. Key words: landscape  landscape...

The thesis "The Party of the Expelled" in the Český Krumlov and Prachatice district 1970-1980 through the research of regional context deepens the knowledge of the process of establishment and legitimization of Normalization in the periphery of the Czech borderland. On the basis of archival materials, mainly from the District Committees of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) in Český Krumlov and Prachatice and other sources within the Party hierarchy, it tries to map the course of the consolidation process and party purges in 1970. Compared to nationwide data, it attempts to capture the specifics of the Czechoslovakian periphery. The main task of the thesis is to analyze various fate of excluded members of the KSČ: the so-called "Party of the Expelled." The analysis focuses on their diverse life trajectories and ways of dealing with separation from the party collective, with special regard to the various loyalties that these people were tied to the party, to the society, workplaces and, last but not least, to each other. Through this analysis, the role of this segment of the population in establishing the legitimacy of the Normalization regime is shown. Since the purges resulted in the disadvantagement of a significant number of qualified workforce, they are interpreted as a process of...

[pt] A função do intelectual da segunda metade do século XIX é a de intervenção crítica na sociedade. A partir dessa concepção, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o papel de Eça de Queirós, escritor português que integrou a Geração de 70, no projeto de modernização de Portugal e identificar os procedimentos de escrita que caracterizam sua proposta de transformação da situação vigente. Juntamente com a análise sobre a crítica de Eça à sociedade portuguesa, o trabalho apresenta um breve panorama do cenário social e cultural europeu oitocentista, com o objetivo de discutir a -defasagem- de Portugal frente às grandes capitais da Europa. O foco da investigação direciona-se a um de seus principais romances, O primo Basílio, publicado em 1878. Na obra, a crítica de Eça de Queirós se destina à pequena burguesia lisboeta que, segundo o autor, era definida primordialmente pela hipocrisia e pelo desejo de ascensão social. A partir da configuração do recorte da sociedade presente no romance, o mapeamento se ampliará através de referências e relações estabelecidas com outras obras de Eça, especialmente seus artigos e cartas, e através de textos e relatos de alguns escritores, que darão o suporte histórico, teórico e crítico para a análise. / [en] The intellectual`s function in the second half of the 19th century is that of critical intervention in society. Based upon this conception, the objective of this thesis is to analyze Eça de Queiroz`s role as an intellectual in his project to modernize Portugal. It also aims to identify the writing procedures employed by the author in his proposal to change the current situation. In addition to the analysis of Queiroz`s criticism to Portuguese society, the essay presents a brief overview about the European social and cultural context in the 19th century, in order to discuss the inferiority of Portugal in relation to the modern capitals of Europe. The investigation focus on one of his main novels, O primo Basílio, published in 1878. In this book, Eça de Queiroz criticizes Portuguese bourgeoisie, which was, according to the author, defined by its hypocrisy and the desire for a social rise. This discussion will become wider through references to other texts written by Queiroz, specially his articles and personal letters, and by other authors, which will provide the historical, critical and theoretical support to the analysis.

[pt] Esta é uma pesquisa sobre rádios comunitárias em áreas periféricas, tendose elegido como casos de estudos as rádios Novos Rumos, em Queimados, e Onda Livre, em São João de Meriti, ambas na Baixada Fluminense. Diante da proliferação de rádios comunitárias nos últimos anos no Brasil e do debate em torno de sua regulamentação, urge a melhor compreensão do trabalho dessas rádios. O objetivo é compreender as motivações e estratégias para a criação de um rádio comunitária. Como ela se articula com a vida associativa local e qual o significado e desafio da criação de um espaço público alternativo, considerando áreas marginalizadas e onde práticas políticas autoritárias são uma constante. / [en] This is a research about radio community in peripheral areas. We have chosen two radios: Novos Rumos, in Queimados, and Onda Livre, São João de Meriti, both located in a region called Baixada Fluminense. Due to a proliferation of radios in the last years in Brazil and the large debate about their regulation, it is important to understand their practice. Our goal is to achieve a better understanding of the motivations and strategies for the implementation of a radio community. How they are articulated to the local life and what is the meaning and the challenges for the construction of a radio community, considering marginalized areas, where authoritarian political practices area common.

This is a study of how the wolf is constructed as a controversial issue in Swedish newspapers. The wolf is the most debated and controversial animal in Sweden and splits the country into two camps. On one side are the people who believe that the animal is a natural part of the Swedish fauna and should be protected. On the other side are those who view the wolf as a threat and want the animal to be made extinct. The first group tends to live in urban areas, while the second one has its stronghold in rural areas. To investigate how the wolf is constructed as an issue in Swedish newspapers, debate articles from one urban and one rural newspaper are studied. These articles are then analysed with the method of Critical Discourse Analysis, the centre-periphery theory and the concepts of political alienation.   The study finds that there are significant differences in how the wolf is constructed as a controversial issue by newspapers published in urban and rural areas. The articles from the urban newspaper argue in favour of the wolf and claim that keeping the animals captivated is what makes them dangerous, rather than their nature. They tend to focus on the ethical aspect of zoos rather than the wolves themselves. In the rural newspaper the wolves are instead portrayed as a threat to both humans and animals, and the rural way of living. Rural newspapers are also very critical of both the national government and the EU.

A problemática urbana sobre a qual nos debruçamos na presente pesquisa referese aos processos de degradação da vida dos habitantes da metrópole, não apenas material, mas, sobretudo, resultante do empobrecimento das possibilidades de apropriação dos lugares da cidade. Tal apropriação se reduz, dialeticamente, pelas estratégias de dominação do espaço, que impõem normas ao uso do espaço pelos habitantes como condição necessária a um espaço produto, condição e meio da acumulação capitalista. Todavia, a normatização da vida pelo regramento do uso do espaço não se realiza sem conflitos. A população urbana, nos momentos da vida cotidiana, transgride-a constantemente como meio de sobrevivência a uma cidade produzida sob a égide capitalista, que possui como centro a acumulação do capital, em detrimento da reprodução da vida. É nesta perspectiva de desvendar as estratégias de normatização do uso e as transgressões diante o processo de dominação do espaço que a pesquisa se insere, tratando de compreender a produção de um lugar na metrópole paulistana, que se apresenta contraditoriamente como um espaço de normatização e transgressão na medida em que se constituiu como uma centralidade na periferia. Esta reflexão se construiu a partir do conhecimento dos sujeitos que produziram o espaço da Favela Monte Azul - zona sul do município de São Paulo - destacando as ações de uma organização não governamental chamada Associação Comunidade Monte Azul, por entender seu papel de destaque na produção da singularidade desta favela diante as demais da metrópole. Para tanto, analisamos as bases de sua matriz discursiva, as estratégias e ações e, principalmente, as articulações entre os sujeitos existentes na favela por meio do processo de \"urbanização da favela\" e das atividades culturais - teatro. A hipótese orientadora da pesquisa fundamenta-se, portanto, na idéia de uma urbanização que aprofunda a degradação da vida, produzindo tensões e conflitos ainda mais violentos que podem impedir a reprodução das relações de produção, levantando \"barreiras\" ao processo de acumulação. Para não interromper o ciclo, uma das estratégias utilizadas é a dominação do espaço pela territorialização de instituições na periferia, que levam a cabo as normas elaboradas pela ordem distante (Estado/empresas privadas). Estas instituições, como as organizações não governamentais, tentam diluir as formas de organização e participação popular conforme introduzem a população às normas da cotidianeidade, isto é, às normatizações do uso através da legitimidade dada pela forma da propriedade e gestão dos serviços prestados. Contudo, essas mesmas instituições, na medida em que \"absorvem\" os conflitos, encontram-se em uma crise de sua própria reprodução. / The urban problematic into which we delve in this research is concerned with the process of degradation of metropolitan life resulting from shrinking possibilities of place appropriation in the city. This appropriation is dialectically constrained by the strategies of spatial domination, which impose rules to people\'s use of space as a necessary prerequisite to a space that is means, condition and product of capital accumulation. Nevertheless, the regulation of life through the control of spatial uses does not occur without contradiction. In everyday life, people are often violating these rules as a means of surviving in a city produced under capital\'s command and organized to meet the requirements of capital accumulation, instead of those of the reproduction of life. This research is, therefore, carried out with the aim of uncovering the strategies of regulation of uses and the transgressions that arise in the face of spatial domination, attempting to understand the production of a specific place in the city of São Paulo. This place presents itself contradictorily as a space of regulations and a space of transgressions, so long as it has become a centrality on the periphery. We derived such considerations from an understanding of the subjects that have produced the space of Monte Azul slum (southern area of the city of São Paulo), focusing on the actions of a non-governmental organization named Associação Comunidade Monte Azul (ACMA), which we considered to have a significant role in shaping the uniqueness of this place compared to others. We examined, therefore, the foundations of ACMA\'s discursive matrix, its strategies, its actions and the articulation of the subjects through the process of \"slum urbanization\" and through cultural activities (theatre). The guiding hypothesis of our research rests upon the assumption of an urbanization that intensifies the degradation of life, inevitably creating tensions and sparking ever more violent social conflicts that could pose threats to the reproduction of relations of production and erect barriers to accumulation. One of the strategies pursued in order to defend accumulation is the domination of space through the territorialization of institutions in the urban periphery. These institutions, such as non-governmental organizations, impose the rules set out by the distant order (State/corporations) and try to discourage collective participation and organization, all the while introducing people to the rules of everydayness, that is, to the regulation of uses through the legitimacy conferred by the type of propriety and management of the services offered. These very same institutions, though, as long as they \"internalize\" conflicts, find themselves sunk in a crisis of reproduction.

Esta pesquisa analisou um distrito periférico da Zona Leste de São Paulo: Ermelino Matarazzo. A abordagem microssocial permitiu relacionar vários fenômenos que caracterizaram a periferização da cidade de São Paulo como a industrialização, imigração, migração, loteamento, autoconstrução, formação de favelas e como tais fenômenos incidiram na segregação social na periferia a partir de um distrito. Discutiu-se o valor simbólico da periferia leste e a hierarquização dos espaços, à luz da formação dos agentes ali inseridos para discutir a heterogeneidade social local. Comprovou-se a hipótese da diferenciação interna de Ermelino Matarazzo a partir de três processos distintos pelo qual o distrito passou a partir da instalação da primeira indústria na década de 1940. Foram propostas três regiões: a dos loteamentos que foi caracterizada pela urbanização a partir de loteamentos/autoconstrução até a década de 1970; a região das ocupações que foi formada pelo surgimento de favelas a partir da década de 1970; e, por fim, a região das construtoras que constituiu uma região por empreendimentos imobiliários que venderam casas construídas a partir de 1980. Um dos resultados desta heterogeneidade social pôde ser percebido pela forma como foram distribuídas espacialmente em Ermelino Matarazzo as escolas públicas e privadas, ao longo das décadas, cujas dependências administrativas privilegiaram ora uma ou outra região. A pesquisa utilizou-se de dados estatísticos da Prefeitura de São Paulo e da Secretaria da Educação; dados qualitativos que resultaram da realização de vinte entrevistas com antigos moradores e um líder local, além de observação participante em movimentos sociais atuantes em Ermelino Matarazzo. Recorreu-se também ao uso fotografias e mapas. Este estudo contribuiu para entender como se constroem as clivagens sociais, como elas se objetivam no espaço local e como são tomadas simbolicamente pelos indivíduos. / This research paper analyzes a peripheral district of the Eastern Zone of São Paulo Ermelino Matarazzo. Observing a single district, the microsocial approach allows for the assessment of various phenomena that characterized the growth of the city of São Paulo such as industrialization, immigration, migration, lot divisions, irregular construction, and development of slums and how these phenomena resulted in the social segregation in the periphery. The paper discusses the symbolic value of the eastern periphery and the development of a spatial hierarchy in light of the education of its residents in order to discuss the local social diversity. In particular, the paper analyzes the heterogeneity of the district and its spatial hierarchies. The paper tests the hypothesis of the internal differentiation of Ermelino Matarazzo due to three distinct processes through which the district has passed since the installation of the first industrial plant in the 1940s. Three regions were proposed: the residential lots that were characterized by urbanization via regular and irregular housing developments until the 1970s; the occupied region formed by the emergence of slums beginning in the 1970s; and, lastly, the builder region consisting of real estate developers selling houses built starting in the 1980s. One result of the social diversity can be observed by how the public and private schools were spatially distributed over the decades in Ermelino Matarazzo as their respective administrators favored one region or another. The survey utilizes statistics from the Municipal Government of São Paulo and its Secretariat of Education in addition to qualitative data derived from twenty interviews with long-time residents and a local leader and participatory observation of social movements in Ermelino Matarazzo. The paper also displays photos and maps. This study contributes to understanding how social cleavages emerge, how they take shape in local spaces, and how they are perceived symbolically by individuals.

A tese aborda diferentes dimensões da relação entre centros e periferias na produção, circulação e legitimação do conhecimento, a partir de um estudo de caso que se debruça sobre a área da genética humana e médica no Brasil. Busca-se discutir as razões, estratégias, contingências e constrições das colaborações internacionais realizadas pelas(os) pesquisadoras(es) brasileiras(os) em um contexto disciplinar percebido como estruturalmente desigual. Trata-se de explorar as potencialidades do estudo de caso para a identificação em termos mais específicos de fatores e processos que têm sido descritos de modo generalizante nos discursos contemporâneos sobre a internacionalização da ciência e a transformação dos modos de produção de conhecimento científico. Para tanto, foi feito um trabalho de campo que compreendeu a seleção de uma amostra de pesquisadoras(es) da genética humana e médica no Brasil, que levou à identificação dos programas de pós-graduação de excelência na área, localizados em quatro universidades públicas: Universidade de São Paulo campus Ribeirão Preto; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Universidade Federal do Pará; e Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Essa seleção baseou-se na Avaliação Trienal da Capes 2010-2012 (que eram os dados mais recentes disponíveis quando do desenho da pesquisa). Foram então realizadas 46 entrevistas semiestruturadas com pesquisadoras(es) pertencentes às instituições em que esses Programas estão sediados, a grande maioria delas realizada in loco, para cuja análise foi utilizado o programa Atlas Ti. A exploração desse material, devidamente localizado no contexto histórico do desenvolvimento da área no país, permitiu analisar as representações das(os) pesquisadoras(es) em termos de estratégias negociadas e renegociadas no cotidiano das colaborações nacionais e internacionais e a constituição das agendas de pesquisa, simultaneamente em consonância e em tensão com os padrões e parâmetros do que se convencionou chamar de ciência internacional. Os dados balizam a discussão sobre as possibilidades de reconhecimento da pesquisa em genética humana e médica realizada por brasileiras(os), que explora as tensões entre o local e o internacional, considerando os aspectos que marcam as formas contemporâneas de competição no interior de atividade científica em um campo disciplinar específico. A análise revela a pluralidade das relações entre centros e periferias, em dinâmicas sociais que transformam e recriam desigualdades nacionais, regionais e globais no campo contemporâneo da produção de conhecimento em genética humana e médica. / This doctoral dissertation deals with different dimensions of the relation between centres and peripheries in the production, circulation and legitimation of knowledge, departing from a case study looking at human and medical Genetics in Brazil. Its aims are to discuss the reasons, strategies, contingencies and constrictions of international collaborations taken through by Brazilian researchers in a disciplinary context perceived as structurally unequal. Thus it is about exploring the potentialities of this case study to identify under more specific terms the factors and processes that have been hitherto described in a generalizing manner throughout contemporary discourses on internationalization of science and the transformation of the modes of production of scientific knowledge. To achieve this, a fieldwork has been taken through, comprehending the selection of a sample of researchers in the field of human and medical Genetics in Brazil, therefore leading to the identification of graduate programmes of excellence, located in four public research universities: Universidade de São Paulo campus Ribeirão Preto; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Universidade Federal do Pará, and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. This selection based itself upon the 2010- 2012 Triennial Evaluation Process of Capes (which were the most recent data available at the moment when the research happened to be designed). After this first preparatory step, 46 semi-structured interviews were held with researchers belonging to the institutions hosting these programmes, the most part of them in loco, after which the software Atlas Ti was used to analyse them. Exploring this material, duly situated in the historical context of the areas development in Brazil, allowed to analyse the representations of these researchers in terms of the strategies employed to negotiate and renegotiate in everyday national as well as international collaborations, alongside the constitution of research agendas, all of them simultaneously in consonance and tension regarding patterns and parameters of what has been agreed upon to receive the name of international science. This data appears as a yardstick to evaluate the discussion concerning the possibilities of recognizing research in human and medical Genetics performed by Brazilian researchers, examining tensions between the local and the international, taking into consideration the aspects that characterize contemporary forms of competition among scientific activity in a specific disciplinary field. The investigation and concurrent analysis reveal the plurality of relations between centres and peripheries, paying special attention to social dynamics that produce and recreate national, regional and global inequalities in the contemporary field of knowledge production in human and medical genetics.

Interpretando Sentimento da dialética, de Paulo Arantes, situado na tradição da filosofia hegeliana, a partir de seu vínculo com Ressentimento da dialética, do mesmo Autor, e inserido na dialética da Aufklärung, tal como a concebem Adorno e Horkheimer,a pesquisa busca apontar que o ponto de partida da crítica antissistêmica, hoje, é a resistência à sua conversão em ideologia. / The starting point of this study is the work of Paulo Arantes, Sentimento da dialética, which follows the Hegelian philosophical tradition. In addition, it takes into account the relationship of this book with another, Ressentimento da dialética, by the same author. It is an attempt to contextualize the two works in the dialectic of Aufklärung, according to the interpretation of Adorno and Horkheimer. Finally, the research seeks to demonstrate that the antissistêmica Critical depends on the resistance to his own conversion in ideology.

Alle in dieser Dissertation gemachten Analysen fokussieren auf einen zentralen Element für die Entstehung und die Entwicklung der Pfingstbewegung. Es handelt sich dabei um das Konzept, dass sich religiöse Erlösung auf die Erfahrung des sozialen Aufstiegs gegründet ist, insbesondere im Sinne der Integration unterintegrierter sozialen Gruppen in die Gesellschaft. Diese in den USA enstandende neue Religion befriegt vor allem die religiösen und sozialen Bedürfnisse derjenigen Bevolkerungsgruppen, die neu in der urbanen Welt der großen nordamerikanischen Städten angekommen waren. Es geht dabei also um diejenigen sozialen Schichten, die in der Peripherie dieser grossen Städte lebeten und die sozial, wirtschaftlichund ethnisch aus der Gesellschaft ausgeschlossen wurden. Im Anschluss daran analysieren wir auch, wie die gleichen sozialen und religiösen Bedürfnisse die Grundlagen für die Entwicklung der Pfingstbewegung in Lateinamerika darstellen – insbesondere in Brasilien. In diesem Land findet eine grosse Menge exkludierter Individuen, die meistens auch Bewohner städtischer Peripherie sind (was ihren modernen Charakter beweist), im Pentekostalismus das Versprechen einer Lösung für ihre Probleme, vor allem für die Sehensucht nach Integration in eine soziale Welt, an der sie vorher nicht teilnahmen. Dieses Integrationsversprechen hängt direkt mit der normativen Erwartung des sozialen Aufstiegs zusammen. Aus disem Bild kann man den Schluss ziehen, dass sich der Pentekostalismus als religiöses Phänomen dadurch auszeichnet, dass er die Versprechen der Moderne für die von der modernen Gesellschaften vergessenen Individuen aktualisiert. Mittes seiner religiösen Narrative verleiht der Petenkostalismus der Idee des sozialen Aufstiegs und damit auch der Hoffnung sozialer Inklusion exkludierter Individuen eine neue Kraft. Der Pentekostalismus nimmt auf diese Weise die Form einer christlichen Religion der Schwarzen, Mulatos, Armen und aller anderen Individuen an, deren Integration in die moderne Gesellschaft als problematisch erscheint. / All the analyses we have developed throughout this dissertation point to a central element in the emergence and development of Pentecostalism, i.e., its raw material – the promise of religious salvation – is based on the idea of social ascension, particularly the ascension related to the integration of sub-integrated social groups to the dynamics of society. The new religion that arose in the USA focused on the needs and social dramas that were specific of the newly arrived to the urban world of the large North-American cities, those who inhabited the periphery of these cities, those that were socially, economically, and ethnically excluded from the core of society. We also analyzed how the same social drama was the basis for the development of Pentecostalism in Latin America and, especially, in Brazil. In this country, a great mass of excluded individuals, also residents of urban peripheries (which proves the non-traditional and modern characteristic of these sectors), found in Pentecostalism the promises of answers to their dramas, mainly the anxiety to become integrated to a world in which they did not belong before. Such integration was embedded in the promise present in the modernity of social ascension. This scenario leads us to the conclusion that Pentecostalism was a religious discourse capable of taking the main promise of modernity to social groups or classes “forgotten” by modern society. Through a religious discourse, Pentecostalism fulfilled the notions of social mobility, and its consequent idea of individual ascension to the mass of people not yet fully integrated to the modern world, but living in it. Following, it became the Christian religion of blacks and mestizos, of the poor and all the others who felt out of place in that world. So the Pentecostalism became a religion of periphery par excellence.