Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery, o barão de Santa-Anna Nery, nasceu em Belém do Pará no dia 28 de maio de 1848. Após seus 14 anos de idade, passou a viver na Europa, onde desenvolveu diversas atividades, destacando-se como jornalista. Tornou-se redator-chefe de diversos jornais e revistas em Paris onde fixou residência a partir de 1874 que tinham o intuito de divulgar o Brasil e, secundariamente, os demais países da chamada América Latina na Europa. Deste modo, esta tese se propõe a analisar a significação histórica da experiência de Santa-Anna Nery como propagandista do Brasil na Europa em fins do século XIX. Buscase, nesse contexto, compreender de que forma o personagem em foco atuou como agente ou reprodutor de uma ideia de Brasil na Europa. Para tanto, a análise de sua trajetória, de sua formação e de seus círculos sociais, que lhe auxiliaram em sua missão patriótica, se mostraram metodologicamente necessários. Ao viver e participar da transição entre o princípio da nacionalidade e da ideia nacional, Santa-Anna Nery representou esses intelectuais pequeno-burgueses que transformaram o patriotismo em nacionalismo quando forneceram à consciência nacional, encarnado na língua, na religião, no folclore, na raça, no território, os critérios da definição de nacionalidade. Auxiliando, e muito, na divulgação e consolidação da latinização da nação e do território brasileiro. Por fim, defende-se que o esquecimento deste autor por parte da historiografia brasileira republicana deve-se ao fato de ele ter tido estreitas relações tanto com a antiga monarquia, quanto com a Igreja Católica; além de seu suposto envolvimento com o chamado jacobinismo, durante o governo de Prudente de Moraes. A sondagem feita na vida e obra do autor pode contribuir para tirar uma espécie de véu do período que envolve o apagar do Império e o despertar da República no Brasil / Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery, Baron of Santa-Anna Nery, was born in Belém (the capital of Brazilian state Pará) on May 28, 1848. At fourteen, he moved to Europe and then worked in several activities, succeeding as a journalist. Became editor-in-chief of a variety of newspapers and magazines in Paris where he settled since 1874 designed for promoting Brazil as well as the other countries of the so-called Latin America in Europe. So, this thesis aims to analyze the historical significance of the experience of Santa-Anna Nery as a propagandist of Brazil in Europe in the late nineteenth century. The quest, in this context, is to grasp how the concerned character acted as an agent or as a reproducer of a certain concept of Brazil in Europe. For this purpose, the analysis of his trajectory, his training and his coteries, that assisted him in his \"patriotic\" mission, proved to be necessary methodologically. Living and taking part of the transition between the \"principle of nationality\" and the \"national idea\", Santa-Anna Nery represented the \"petty-bourgeois intellectuals\" that turned \"patriotism\" into nationalism by providing to the \"national consciousness\" embodied in language, religion, folklore, race, territory the criteria of the definition of nationality. This process greatly helped the promotion and setting of the \"Latinization\" of the country and of the Brazilian territory. Lastly, it is argued that the neglect of this author by the Brazilian republican historiography is due to the fact he had close relations with both the old monarchy and the Catholic church, apart from his alleged implication with the so-called \"Jacobinism\" during the government of the president Prudente de Moraes. The survey conducted in the author\'s life and work can contribute to remove the veil of the period between the fading of the Empire and the awakening of the Republic in Brazil

Denna uppsats studerar vilka åsikter och attityder Wattpad läsare uttrycker gällande Anna Todds två huvudkaraktärer från fanfiction berättelsen After. Läsarna kommunicerar genom läsarkommentarerna i fanfiction-versionen och frågeställningen besvaras genom att studera utvalda kommentarer i kommentars sektionen. Analysen fokuserar på att studera vilka attityder läsarna uttrycker samt om de distanserar sig eller sympatiserar med huvudkaraktärerna. De huvudsakliga teorierna för studien handlar om textuniversum, receptionsteori och romance. Metoden är närläsning. Uppsatsen visar hur det bildas olika tolkningsgrupper och fangemenskaper som stödljer olika åsikter, normer och attityder.

The thesis is on female education at the turn of 19th and 20th century in the Czech kingdom. It researches the situation of female students at the Czech secondary schools and Czech universities at that time. The life story of sisters Honzák's is used as an example to describe the situation in detail. The thesis deals with their status at the society, their family background, their colleagues and teachers'attitude and the approach of Ministry of Cult and education. As the resources there are personal letters, school records and their own memories. The resource derives from both archive and periodicals which were interested in progress in female education. The topic of female higher education is taken in general at the beginning, the first chapters are concerned with history od female education and school laws and the first female grammar school Minerva which is an inseparable part of the history and takes an important part in my thesis, then i tis followed by students'memories. The first female students had to overcome lots of obstacles to get the same university degree as male students. Their rewarding experience and memories give us a possibility to realize how much effort they had to make to become equal members of an university.

Die Erinnerung an die Lebensgeschichte der Gräfin Cosel verdanken wir den Literaten. Wie bei nur wenigen Personen der sächsischen Geschichte vermischen sich dabei Mythos und Wahrheit, Legenden und Wirklichkeit. Der ausführliche Aufsatz zeichnet den Weg dieser Überlieferung von den Anfängen noch zu Lebzeiten der Gräfin bis in die Gegenwart nach und zeigt, wie sich jede Epoche ihre Cosel schuf.

I den här uppsatsen gör jag en motivstudie av människan och döden i Anna Greta Wides debutsamling Nattmusik (1942). Jag lyfter dikter som tar upp dessa motiv och undersöker såväl motiven för sig som hur de samspelar med varandra. Avstampet sker i kritikernas samtida mottagande av samlingen. I analysen diskuterar jag sedan hur människan beskrivs med negativa egenskaper, men att de också har positiva drag i samband med konst och i rollen som moder. Vad gäller döden visar jag på en dödslängtan i dikterna och kommer fram till att motiv som rör ursprunget är viktiga (framför allt havet och modern). Jag diskuterar huruvida man kan göra en kristen tolkning och om dikterna implicerar ett liv efter detta. Även om döden är framträdande så finns det också en livsglädje i flera dikter. Till sist analyserar jag samlingen som helhet; dess struktur samt hur de två motiven tillsammans kan tolkas utifrån till exempel en krigsbakgrund eller kristendomen. Slutsatsen jag drar är att det är en komplex diktsamling med rika dubbelheter såsom dödslängtan och livsglädje, varm och kall människosyn, samt en ständig växling mellan hopp och förtvivlan. / In this essay I conduct a study of the motifs man and death in Anna Greta Wide’s debut collection Nattmusik (1942). I present poems that use these motifs and investigate both the motifs seperately as well as how they interact together. My starting point is the contemporary critics’ reviews of the collection. In the analysis I then discuss how the humans are described with negative characteristics, although they also have positive traits in relation to art and in their role as mothers. Regarding death I give examples of a death wish present in the poems and conclude that motifs related to origins are important (especially the ocean and the mother). I discuss whether or not a Christian interpretation can be made and if the poems indicate an afterlife. Even though death is prominent, there is also a joy of life in multiple poems. Lastly, I analyze the collection as a whole; its structure as well as how the two motifs together can be interpreted with for example the background of the Second World War or Christianity in mind. The conclusion I reach is that it is a complex poetry collection with rich duplicity which includes both death wish and joy of life, a warm and a cold view on humankind, as well as a constant shift between hope and despair.

Die Erinnerung an die Lebensgeschichte der Gräfin Cosel verdanken wir den Literaten. Wie bei nur wenigen Personen der sächsischen Geschichte vermischen sich dabei Mythos und Wahrheit, Legenden und Wirklichkeit. Der ausführliche und um einige Quellen ergänzte Beitrag zeichnet den Weg dieser Überlieferung von den Anfängen noch zu Lebzeiten der Gräfin bis in die jüngste Gegenwart nach und zeigt, wie sich jede Epoche ihre Cosel schuf.

The aim of this thesis was to examine how newspaper journalism represented the celebrity Anna Anka. Which roles and qualities did the media ascribe Anna Anka and in what way did the media frame her as a woman. We examined texts and photographs from two Swedish newspapers, Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter, 16 texts were analysed. The method we used were discourse analysis with focus on relations, identities and representation. The result showed that Anna Anka was represented in an essentially equal way in both newspapers. The image of Anna Anka seems to be multifaceted. In the texts Anna Anka becomes a symbol for conflicts that emerge in discourses regarding gender, celebrity and Swedish values. As a woman she is both portrayed as controversial and appearance-fixated. As a wife she is traditional, a woman who takes care of house and family and lets her husband be the provider. On the other hand she is described as a woman who does not follow the traditional norm, she is independent and has a possibility to support herself. As a celebrity, Anna Anka is framed as fairly new in the public appearance. But in some texts the newspapers define her as a woman who does not deserve to be the celebrity she is. Anna Anka is well aware of how the celebrity culture works, what the media finds interesting. As a Swede Anna Anka is framed as a person who no longer quite belongs in Sweden, and therefore is allowed to criticize Sweden and the Swedish values.

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Jan Havel Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx - theit vision of human and their legacy Abstrakt: This paper is about how Marx and Freud see a human being. Besides introduction, methodology and cunclusion there are three main parts. These are the chapters "Genesis of Marx's and Freud's vision of human", Evolution of marxism and psychoanalysis" and "Comparison of the vision of human". "Genesis of Marx's and Freud's vision of human" speaks about predecessors of both authors and about things that had an impact on their work. Chapter "Genesis of Marx's and Freud's vision of human" shows how were both ideas changing during history. In the chapter "Comparison of the vision of human" are examined ideas and thoughts of other authors and connections between their work and the work of Marx and Freud are shown. This paper also includes attachements that include short biographies of chosen authors and also a list of qutations from primary sources of literature.

The purpose of the Roman Argei ceremony, during which the Vestal Virgins harvested made and paraded rush puppets only to throw them into the Tiber, is widely debated. Modern historians supply three main reasons for the purpose of the Argei: an agrarian act, a scapegoat, and finally as an offering averting deceased spirits or Lares. I suggest that the ceremony also related to war and the spectacle of displaying war casualties. I compare the ancient Near East and Rome and connect the element of war and husbandry and claim that the Argei paralleled the sacred marriage. in addition to an agricultural and purification rite, these rituals may have served as sympathetic magic for pre- and inter-war periods. As of yet, no author has proposed the Argei as a ceremony related to war. By looking at the Argei holistically I open the door for a new direction of inquiry on the Argei ceremony, fertility cults in the Near East and in Rome, and on the execution of war criminals.The Argei and new year’s sacred marriage both occurred during the initiation of campaign and spring planting and harvest season. Both in the ancient Near East and in Rome, animal victims were sacrificed and displayed through impaling, crucifixion, and hanging for fertility and in war. for both Rome and the Near East war casualties were displayed on sacred trees. Through the Near East cultures a strong correlation existed between impaling, hanging, and crucifixion in war and Sacred Tree fertility worship. By examining Roman tree worship, military rituals, and agricultural ceremonies a similar correlation becomes apparent. on the same day of the Argei, Mars was married to the anthropomorphized new year and within the month became a scapegoat expelled from the city. Additionally, on the first day of the Argei boys became soldiers.