The Red Jews are a legendary people; this is their history. From the late thirteenth to the late sixteenth century, vernacular German texts depicted the Red Jews, a conflation of the Biblical ten lost tribes of Israel and Gog and Magog, as a savage and unnaturally foul nation, who are enclosed in the 'Caspian Mountains', where they had been walled up by Alexander the Great. At the end of time, they will break out and serve the Antichrist, causing great destruction and suffering in the world. The hostile identification (c. 1165) of Jews with the apocalyptic destroyers of Ezekiel 38-39 and Revelation 20 expresses a new and virulent antisemitism that was integrated into the powerful apocalyptic traditions of Christianity. None of the few scholars who have noticed the Red Jews in medieval and early modern vernacular texts has sought out, collected and examined the complete body of medieval and early-modern sources that feature the Red Jews. This study provides a long-term analysis of the intimate connections between antisemitism and apocalypticism via a forgotten and submerged piece of German 'medievalia', the Red Jews. The legend gradually dissipated. Until the beginning of the seventeenth century it was a medieval lens through which Germans saw events relating to the Turkish threat in the East; after that time, the Red Jews disappeared from European texts.

Research into the British Union of Fascists (BUF) has treated antisemitism largely as an artificial addition to the party's programme, forced upon it by various circumstances. Scholars have thus focused almost exclusively on its causes and implications, rather than the antisemitism itself: the forms that it took, the ways in which it was expressed, and its relationship to the party's ideology. Through comprehensive analysis of the BUF's discourse, as well as of the discussions that took place within the party, this thesis reveals that anti-Jewish sentiment was, in fact, openly expressed at the very highest levels of the movement from the outset and, moreover, that it formed an integral and authentic aspect of its doctrine. This reflected its central position in the fascist philosophy of the BUF's founder and leader, Oswald Mosley, who was not, as is often argued, a reluctant antisemite. In fact, he played the principal role in the formulation and promulgation of this aspect of policy. More broadly, Mosley's antisemitism is shown to be indicative of ‘generic' fascism's exclusionary ultranationalism, which dictates intolerance of distinctive out-groups deemed incompatible with the fascist vision of a pure, homogenous society, and whose removal is regarded as a necessary prerequisite to bring about national rebirth. This did not, however, mean that the BUF's position on the Jewish question was at all imitative, and this study will demonstrate the extent to which it was founded upon longstanding native traditions of anti-Jewish thought. With regard to the second subject of this thesis, Jewish responses to the BUF, historical accounts have tended to focus only on the most visible forms of activity, and above all the type of confrontational anti-fascism that was favoured by many young, working-class Jews, particularly in London's East End. By exploring a much wider range of Jewish analyses and actions, this study presents a more nuanced and variegated picture. In doing so, it demonstrates that, rather than exacerbating divisions within Britain's heterogeneous Jewish community, the threat of fascism actually drew it closer together in its defence, bringing to the surface a shared sense of Anglo-Jewish identity. Finally, although revealing the breadth and effectiveness of Jewish opposition to British fascism, this study refutes the widely held notion that Jewish actions played any part in pushing the BUF and Mosley towards an antisemitic position.

This graduation analyses contemporary czech antisemitism in the context of right and left political extremism. It contains definition, typology and history of antisemitism in the area of czech republic as well as description of new forms of antisemitism emerging in the recent years. Main topic of this graduation focuses on the czech extremist subculture including neonacist movements or anti-globalisation activists. Variours examples of antisemitic acts and behavior are presented in the context of the level of risks for the security of Czech republic.

Denna examensuppsats behandlar ämnet nationalsocialism i svenska läroböcker inom historieämnet för gymnasieskolan. Enligt min erfarenhet används läroböcker i stor utsträckning i historieundervisningen. Skolan har ett uppdrag att fostra demokratiska samhällsmedborgare. Därför är det viktigt för gymnasielärare i historia att ha djupgående kunskaper om perioden kring de två världskrigen, inte minst för att kunna visa hur snabbt ett samhälle kan ställa om från demokrati till diktatur. Syftet med studien var att undersöka huruvida svenska läroböcker för gymnasiet ger en nyanserad bild av historien kring nationalsocialismen, dess uppkomst och konsekvenser denna ideologi ledde till. Studien har utgått från två frågeställningar: Hur behandlar texterna i historieböckerna nationalsocialistisk ideologi, Tyska Nationalsocialistiska Arbetarpartiets (NSDAP) maktövertagande i Tyskland och deras raspolitik? Hur behandlar historieböckerna den avhumanisering av judar och andra icke önskvärda som sedermera ledde fram till Förintelsen av dessa människor? För att besvara frågeställningarna har en en metod baserad på Selanders pedagogiska textanalys använts. Resultatet visar att de svenska läroböckerna i historia som har analyserats ger en tillfredställande och nyanserad bild av nationalsocialismen som idé samt de konsekvenser den ledde till, det vill säga i förlängningen andra världskriget och förintelsen. Slutsatsen av resultatet blev att i enlighet med läroplanerna ger läroböckerna eleverna en grund att stå på i sin fortsatta bildning att bli demokratiskt sinnade medborgare samtidigt är det viktigt att en historielärare kan problemtisera stoffet och inte ducka för besvärliga fakta.

O presente trabalho visa compreender a vida de Victor Klemperer (1881 1960) durante a Alemanha Nazista e através de seus relatos entender as condições em que a sociedade alemã esteve submetida. Filólogo de formação, alemão e judeu assimilado, convertido ao Protestantismo ainda jovem, Victor Klemperer sofreu todo tipo de humilhação ao longo dos anos do regime nazista na Alemanha. O casamento com Eva Klemperer lhe reiterou sua germanidade, visto que Eva era ariana. O que pensara ser uma loucura passageira, aos poucos foi se tornando um pesadelo desanimador e angustiante; eram constantes os pensamentos de morte e a depressão em relação ao cotidiano vivido. Tudo se intensifica quando ele perde sua cátedra de romanística na Universidade Técnica de Dresden e, somado a isso, também foi destituído de todos os direitos associados à cidadania alemã. Este trabalho busca entender, através de seus escritos, a realidade de um judeu que testemunhou de perto as atrocidades do regime nazista. As fontes aqui analisadas são seus diários escritos de 1933-1945 e sua obra LTI (Lingua Tertii Imperti) publicada no pós-guerra. A peculiaridade de seus escritos está no fato de Klemperer não ter emigrado da Alemanha durante o Nazismo, em contraponto às obras de caráter autobiográfico produzidas sobre esse período. / The present work tends to comprehend the life of Victor Klemperer (1881 1960) during Nazi Germany and, through his reports, to understand the conditions in which German society was submitted. Philologist by formation, German and assimilated Jewish, converted to Protestantism still young, Victor Klemperer suffered every kind of humiliation during the years of the Nazi polity in Germany. His marriage to Eva Klemperer reaffirmed his germaneness, for Eva was Arian. What he thought to be a passing madness soon became a discouraging and distressful nightmare; constant were the thoughts of death and depression in relation to the everyday living. Everything intensifies when he loses his romanistic chair at the Dresden Technical University and, summed to this, he was also destituted from the associated rights to German citizenship. This work seeks to understand, through his writings, the reality of a Jewish who closely witnessed the atrocities of the Nazi polity. The fonts here analyzed are his diaries written between 1933 and 1945 and his work LTI (Lingua Tertii Imperii) published in the post-war. The peculiarity of his writings is in the fact that Klemperer has not emigrated from Germany during Nazism, in counterpoint to the autobiographic compositions produced in this period.

Thesis advisor: Franck Salameh / Anti-Semitism has become a virulent, pervasive phenomenon in the Modern Middle East today. In the past, anti-Semitism was mostly absent from mainstream Middle Eastern society. In the past two centuries, however, social and political upheaval, the encroachment of Western influence in the region, and the effects of Zionist organizations and the state of Israel have made the region a dangerous place for Jews. Anti-Semitism is perpetuated today by political and religious leaders as well as the media and is fueled by the anger and frustration of the people of the Middle East. This study examines the roots and causes of anti-Semitism in Middle Eastern history, in the religions and foreign powers that have impacted the region, and in the events of the twentieth century. It details the nature of anti-Semitism today and examines this phenomenon specifically in Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan in a comparative case study. This investigation closes by examining the possible steps towards ending Jew hatred in the region. / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2010. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-10-19T12:00:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Julia Dantas Scramim.pdf: 1003855 bytes, checksum: 1100dce0c17c412b2605ac8daee988bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-19T12:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julia Dantas Scramim.pdf: 1003855 bytes, checksum: 1100dce0c17c412b2605ac8daee988bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / This work intends to present the totalitarianism and the superfluity of man steamed from it, developed by Hannah Arendt, mainly in her work "The Origins of Totalitarianism". It goes through the historical exposition of the events and phenomena prior to totalitarianism: the antisemitism due to the emancipation and Jew’s assimilation by the European society; and the colonial and continental imperialism. The first one, serving European countries in search of new consumer markets, develops ways of domination (racism and bureaucracy) serving to the ideology and to the totalitarian government; the second one deals with the rise of national movements, as well as the unfeasibility of protecting human rights against the nation-state. It also shows the differentiation among the totalitarian government and other ways of tyranny and dictatorship by the treatment given to the totalitarian leader, by the action of his secret police, the government unusual structure, the ideology based on History's and/or Nature' laws, the terror as a guarantee of application of these laws and by the concentration camps as an experiment of man’s total domination. It also deals with the human's superfluity promoted in totalitarianism by the death of the juridical person, of the moral person and destruction of the individuality and by the complete ruin of the human content / Este trabalho pretende fazer uma apresentação do totalitarismo e da superfluidade dos homens dele decorrente, desenvolvida por Hannah Arendt, prioritariamente em sua obra “Origens do totalitarismo”. Percorre a exposição histórica dos eventos e dos fenômenos anteriores ao totalitarismo: o antissemitismo decorrente da emancipação e da assimilação dos judeus pela sociedade europeia; e o imperialismo colonial e continental. O primeiro, a serviço de países europeus em busca de novos mercados consumidores, desenvolve formas de dominação (racismo e burocracia) que servem à ideologia e ao governo totalitário; e o segundo trata da ascensão dos movimentos nacionalistas, bem como a inviabilidade da proteção dos direitos humanos face ao Estado-nação. Mostra, também, a diferenciação entre o governo totalitário e outras formas de tirania e ditadura através do tratamento dado ao líder totalitário, da ação da sua polícia secreta, da estrutura peculiar do governo, da ideologia baseada nas leis da História e/ou da Natureza, do terror como garantia da aplicação dessas leis e dos campos de concentração como experimento do domínio total do homem. Trata, também, da superfluidade humana promovida no totalitarismo pelas mortes da pessoa jurídica, da pessoa moral e destruição da individualidade e pela dilapidação total dos conteúdos humanos

This thesis explores the relationship between time, gender and moments of conflict in the Mystery Plays. Examining a range of encounters between male and female characters in the plays, I propose that characters’ differing and subjective experiences of time are often at the heart of their conflict. Time, moreover, provides a new methodology with which to understand the ways in which both gender and narrative operate within the plays. In doing so, I chart a number of conflicts staged between characters in plays concerned with biblical narratives which signify transition or rupture: the Incarnation; the Flood; and the slaughter of the Bethlehem Innocents. Engaging with established critical approaches towards medieval models of supersession and typology, as well as recent works in the field of Jewish Studies concerning the medieval Christian preoccupation with what it asserted was a superseded, yet nevertheless ‘present’ Jewish past, I interrogate the ways in which such models are subverted when placed into dialogue with characters whose world-view supports alternative readings of time. First, I provide a reading of Joseph’s age and error in the N-Town Joseph’s Doubt as a meeting of ‘Old’ and ‘New’ theologies. I argue that Joseph’s journey from disbelief in Mary’s virgin pregnancy to eventual acceptance performs as a primarily linear conversion narrative, whilst also proposing that, as a medieval performance of a New Testament time, the N-Town Marian plays’ engagements with multiple levels of time work to complicate models of temporal, supersessionary linearity. I then examine Noah and his wife in the Chester and York Flood plays as participating in very different understandings of time from each other. While Noah adheres to a supersessionary understanding of the Flood which demands a full erasure of the past in order to begin the world anew, his Wife engages with temporal models that promote collapse between medieval and Old Testament times and command the explosive ability to performatively recall the past into the present. Finally, I engage with Serres’ model of topological time in examining the highly complex, multi-linked times operating in the Towneley play Herod the Great. Here, I examine how the play amplifies the ways in which its biblical sources work to bring together events from the Old and New Testaments in processes of prophecy and validation, whilst also asking whether characters such as Herod and the mothers defending their children from him may be said to command agency over their time. In bringing together theories of time, gender, antisemitism and periodization, I not only nuance the ways in which moments of conflict between the mystery plays’ male and female biblical characters are analysed, but also highlight the complex ways in which the late medieval producers and audiences of the mystery plays were themselves encouraged to question, experience, read and understand time.

Konflikten mellan Israel och Palestina har funnits närvarande sedan en lång tid tillbaka i vår historia, närmare bestämt från 1920-talet fram till idag. 1948 utropades den judiska staten Israel vilket utlöste en rad våldsamma konflikter med andra länder i Mellanösternregionen, det har också utlöst en antisemitism som fått fäste hos extremistgrupper. En sådan grupp är den islamitiska gruppen Hamas som bildades 1987 som ett resultat av de aktioner som Israel gjort kring Gaza och Västbanken, och har gjort väpnat motstånd emot Israel med sin underjordiska armé av islamister.  Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur antisemitismen framträder i gruppen Hamas stadgar, som är en form av politiskt och ideologiskt manifest, samt hur gruppen legitimerar sin antisemitism gentemot både judar som folkgrupp men också sin politik gentemot staten Israel. Källmaterialet som jag har valt att utgå ifrån är Hamas politiska och ideologiska manifest kallat Hamas stadgar som utkom 1988. Stadgarna innehåller Hamas ideologiska och politiska ståndpunkter. Genom att använda mig av både en innehållsanalys och diskursanalys i undersökandet och granskandet av Hamas stadgar hoppas jag kunna se hur och på vilket sätt antisemitismen framträder hos Hamas samt hur de legitimerar sin antisemitism mot judar och Israel. De resultat som har erhållits påvisar flera olika aspekter som först påvisar hur antisemitismen framträder i Hamas stadgar samt hur de sedan väljer att legitimera sin antisemitism gentemot judar och Israel utefter ett flertal anledningar och aspekter som kommer att delges i senare delar av uppsatsen.

No description available.