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This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Illinois Test of Psycholinuistic Abilities (ITPA) and to investigate whether High Verbal-Low Performance (HV-LP) scorers on the WISC score significantly higher on certain ITPA subtests than High Performance-Low Verbal (HP-LV) scorers, and whether HP-LV scorers on the WISC score significantly higher on certain other subtests of the ITPA. Two main hypotheses were investigated in an effort to accomplish these purposes.

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, le modèle cognitif basé sur les interprétations (Groupe de recherche sur la cognition dans le trouble obsessionnel compulsif [OCCWG], 1997, 2001, 2003, 2005) représente le modèle psychologique de l’étiologie et du maintien du TOC le plus étudié au plan empirique. Cependant, peu de recherches ont porté sur les deux postulats importants du modèle touchant respectivement le développement des croyances liées à l’obsessionnalité et la contribution des états affectifs au maintien des interprétations et des croyances (réactivité cognitive). L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la validation empirique de ces postulats. Fondé sur un devis corrélationnel dans un échantillon de participants mixte (participants troubles obsessionnels-compulsifs et participants non cliniques), le premier article étudie les liens entre les expériences de l’enfance et la présence de croyances obsessionnelles chez l’adulte. Deux modèles alternatifs sont comparés qui représentent d’une part un lien spécifique, et d’autre part un lien non spécifique entre les expériences de l’enfance et les croyances obsessionnelles adultes. Les résultats suggèrent la présence à la fois de relations spécifiques et non spécifiques entre les expériences de l’enfance et les croyances adultes. Les expériences de l’enfance et les domaines de croyance obsessionnels qui montrent des liens spécifiques sont ceux relatifs à la responsabilité, à la perception du danger, et au perfectionnisme. En contrepartie, les expériences de l’enfance relatives à la perception de danger et dans une moindre mesure la sociotropie, apparaissent étroitement liés à la plupart des domaines de croyances adultes (intolérance à l’incertitude, surestimation du danger, importance et contrôle des pensées). Dans la seconde étude, nous nous intéressons à la mesure et l’analyse longitudinales de la réactivité cognitive telle qu’elle s’exprime dans l’environnement naturel de huit participants troubles obsessionnels-compulsifs de type ruminateur. Par le biais de huit protocoles à cas uniques intensifs, l’analyse de contingence entre les scores quotidiens d’humeur (4 états émotionnels cotés par participant) et d’interprétations (une interprétation idiographique des intrusions par participant) permet d’établir une mesure de l’importance de la réactivité cognitive chez chaque participant. Ces résultats sont ensuite analysés du point de vue des postulats principaux de deux modèles spécifiques de la réactivité cognitive (modèle de l’Infusion de l’affect [Forgas, 2008] et modèle de l’Humeur comme intrant [Meeten & Davey, 2011]. Ainsi, les analyses intra-individuelles répétées trans-comportements) et interindividuelles (trans-participants) permettent d’illustrer le rôle proximal déterminant des stratégies de traitement de l’information (traitement systématique; traitement superficiel; traitement altéré) employées par les participants. En résumé, les résultats obtenus dans ces deux études fournissent des données utiles à la poursuite de la validation du modèle des interprétations du TOC. Dans la première étude, l’identification de liens spécifiques entre les EE et les croyances obsessionnelles soutient la séquence étiologique postulée, alors que l’identification de liens non spécifiques suggère que d’autres trajectoires étiologiques peuvent être pertinentes. Dans la seconde étude, l’analyse longitudinale et naturaliste des covariations humeur – interprétations se révèle d’abord féconde à identifier les phénomènes de réactivité cognitive postulés dans le modèle des interprétations. Ensuite, en conformité aux modèles intégrés de la réactivité cognitive, l’analyse des liens entre cette réactivité et les stratégies privilégiées de neutralisation des participants permet d’identifier le rôle clé des différentes stratégies de traitement de l’information dans la réactivité cognitive. / Over the past twenty years, the «appraisal model» of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (Obsessive Compulsive Cognition Working Group, 1997, 2001, 2003, and 2005) has drawn most of the empirical research on the psychological etiology and maintenance of the disorder. Nevertheless, only a few studies addressed two important postulates of the model, which is the development of beliefs associated with OCD, and the contribution of affective states to the maintenance of appraisals and beliefs (p. ex., cognitive reactivity). The current thesis aims to contribute to the empirical validation of these postulates. Based on a retrospective correlational design in a mixed (OCD and normal) sample, the first article aims to explore the links between childhood experiences (CEs) and adult OCD related beliefs. Two alternative etiological models are compared emphasizing either a rather specific association between different CEs and beliefs; or conversely, a broad non-specific association between CEs and different OCD related beliefs. Results support both the existence of specific and non-specific associations between CEs and beliefs. CEs and OCD related beliefs that showed specific links were those CEs that showed specific links to OCD related beliefs were those related to the concepts of Responsibility (R-E and OBQ-R), Threat perception (TP-E et OBQ-T), and Perfectionism (SO-E et OBQ-P). On the other hand, CEs emphasizing Threat perception (TP-E) and Sociotropy (SOC-E) related experiences also showed significant links with most OCD related beliefs (Intolerance of uncertainty [OBQ-U], Overestimation of threat [OBQ-T], Importance and Control of thoughts [OBQ-I et OBQ-C]). The aim of the second article is to assess and analyze cognitive reactivity in an OCD sample (rumination subtype) through a longitudinal naturalistic design (eight intensive single-case designs). In a first step, the contingency analysis between daily mood-states scores (4 mood-states in each participant) and daily thought appraisals (one idiosyncratically defined thought appraisal in each participant) allows for the assessment of the magnitude and rate of cognitive reactivity in each participant. On the basis of integrative models of cognitive reactivity (Affect Infusion Model, and Mood as input Hypothesis) further repeated intra-individual analyses (across subjects) and inter-individual analyses (between subjects) illustrate the critical proximal role of different processing strategies used by the participants. In summary, both studies provide results that contribute to further the validation of the appraisal model of OCD. In the first study, the identification of specific links between CEs and OCD related beliefs in adults supports the postulated etiological sequence; while the identification of non-specific links suggest that other etiological paths may be relevant In the second study, the longitudinal investigation of covariations between mood-states and appraisals of thoughts allows to reveal the expected cognitive reactivity processes. Such processes are further supported with reference to integrated models of cognitive reactivity that emphasize the critical role of different processing strategies in their expression.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-10-11T13:37:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael de Mello Tucci_.pdf: 7436260 bytes, checksum: 3a374bbf7e9ae66cf9dabb93d435d7eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T13:37:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael de Mello Tucci_.pdf: 7436260 bytes, checksum: 3a374bbf7e9ae66cf9dabb93d435d7eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-25 / Nenhuma / O design para emoção, área que une os conhecimentos de design e psicologia cognitiva, cresceu em relevância a partir do final dos anos 90. Nela, o intuito dos projetos reside em desenvolver soluções que estimulem ou evitem determinadas emoções. Nesse contexto, Desmet (2007) trouxe da psicologia cognitiva a Teoria dos Appraisals que estabelece a visão de uma relação causal entre estímulos projetáveis pelo design e reações emocionais. O presente estudo procura entender como a Teoria dos Appraisals pode contribuir para projetos em design de serviços. O tema tem a sua aplicação em um contexto de urgências hospitalares privadas na Grande Porto Alegre. Para responder a essas perguntas foi desenvolvida uma survey on line com indivíduos que utilizaram alguma urgência hospitalar privada nos últimos seis meses na Grande Porto Alegre. Após o tratamento dos resultados dessa primeira etapa, os insumos foram utilizados como parte da observação participante de um exercício projetual com designers, arquitetos especializados no setor da saúde hospitalar e um profissional da saúde com experiência em urgências hospitalares privadas. Em seguida foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com os mesmos participantes. Os resultados observados sugerem que a teoria dos Appraisals contribui em projetos de design de serviços ao trazer uma forma diferente de incluir o usuário, facilitar a confirmação a resposta do briefing de projeto, diretrizes de projeto, elementos e dados consistentes para o processo de projeto. / The design for emotion, an area that unites the design expertise and cognitive psychology, grew in importance since the late 90s. The purpose of the projects in this area lies in developing solutions that encourage or prevent certain emotions. In this context, Desmet (2007) brought from the cognitive psychology the Appraisal theory, which establishes the vision of a causal relationship between projectable stimuli for design and emotional reactions. This study seeks to understand how the Appraisal theory can contribute to projects in service design. The topic has its application in the context of private hospital emergency rooms in the Great Area of Porto Alegre. To answer to these questions, a survey online was developed with individuals who used any private hospital emergency in the last six months in the Great Area of Porto Alegre. With the results of this first stage, the inputs were used as part of participant observation of a projetual exercise with designers, architects specializing in the health sector hospital and a health professional with experience in private hospital emergency room. After, in-depth interviews were conducted with the same participants. The results suggest that the Appraisals theory contributes in service design projects bringing a different way to include the user, facilitate confirmation of the project briefing response, design guidelines, consistent elements and data to the design process.

Can pay-for-performance increase the motivation of public employees? By providing a basis for personnel decisions, particularly linking rewards to performance, performance appraisals aim to increase employees' work motivation and ultimately to improve their work performance and organizational productivity. With the emphasis on results-oriented management, performance appraisals have become a key managerial tool in the public sector. Critics charge, however, that pay-for-performance is ineffective in the public sector, largely because the link between performance and rewards is weak. However, no one has empirically measured the strength of the linkage. If performance ratings do have an impact on career success in the federal service, they might contribute to race and gender inequality. Although many studies have examined factors affecting gender and racial differences in career success, studies that try to connect gender and racial inequalities to managerial tools are scarce. Using a one percent sample of federal personnel records, the first essay examines the impact of performance ratings on salary increases and promotion probabilities, and the second essay explores whether women and minorities receive lower ratings than comparable white males, and women and minorities receive lower returns on the same level of performance ratings than comparable white males. The first essay finds that performance ratings have only limited impact on salary increases, but that they significantly affect promotion probability. Thus, the argument that performance-rewards link is weak could be partially correct, if it considers only pay-performance relationships. The second essay finds that women receive equal or higher performance ratings than comparable white men, but some minority male groups, particularly black men, tend to receive lower ratings than comparable white men. On the other hand, the returns on outstanding ratings do not differ between women and minority male groups and white men, though women groups seem to have disadvantages in promotion with the same higher ratings as comparable men in highly male-dominant occupations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2357.pdf: 2939055 bytes, checksum: 2ec3bb54f4a05c510cc46232f094bd4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-11 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The association between social support and positive results in health has been increasingly highlighted in the literature and social support has been seen as a protective factor to child development. However, most research involving social support and outcomes of health and development of children and adolescents has focused on the indirect influence of social support of parents in the development of children. The aim of this study was to identify possible correlations between the perceived social support for children and adolescents at situation of personal and social risk and their social and emotional development and as specific goals: a) the cross cultural adaptation of Brazil of the scale SOCIAL SUPPORT APPRAISALS, and b) identify associations of some variables on the perception of social support of children and adolescents on the self-assessment the child with regard to their development and the parents evaluation of socioemocional development of their children. To achieve the proposed objectives were carried out two studies. The Study 1 involved a crosscultural adaptation of the Portuguese version of the SOCIAL SUPPORT APPRAISALS and the Study 2 answered by the study of correlation. Were participants of Study 1, 218 children and adolescents and 10 graduated professionals. We performed the following analysis: Cronbach's Alpha, Factor Analysis and Analysis of Variance. The results pointed to an index of internal consistency to the general scale of 0,74, the factor analysis confirmed the proposed structure with four factors (family, friends, teachers and others), by analysis of variance were found significant differences in the perception of social support of according to grade and gender and age and grade of participants. In the Study 2 participated 51 children and adolescents aged between 11 and 13 years and their parents. Children and adolescents were linked to non-governmental institutions that provide support services to children and adolescents in situations of personal and social risk. Instruments used to collect data were the Brazilian version of the SOCIAL SUPPORT APPRAISALS, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Questionnaire for Identification and Characterization of the Child and the Criterion of Economic Classification Brazil. Tests were carried out on the Pearson correlation analysis of the Pearson correlation, Analysis of variance and Analysis Group. The results indicated that the higher the perceived of total social support, less the symptoms of problems presented by children and adolescents, in addition to that there were other variables associated with results of mental health and level of social support of the participants, such as school repetition, the degree of parental education, among others. / A associação entre o suporte social e resultados positivos em saúde tem sido cada vez mais apontada na literatura e o suporte social tem sido considerado como um fator protetivo ao desenvolvimento infantil. Porém, pesquisas associando o suporte social e resultados de saúde e desenvolvimento da criança e do adolescente têm, em sua maioria, focalizado o suporte social dos pais influenciando de forma indireta o desenvolvimento dos filhos; poucos estudos correlacionam diretamente o suporte social recebido e percebido pela criança e aspectos de seu desenvolvimento. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar possíveis correlações entre o suporte social percebido por crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco pessoal e social e o seu desenvolvimento socioemocional, e como objetivos específicos: a) realizar a adaptação transcultural para o Brasil da escala de suporte para crianças e adolescentes Social Support Appraisals, e b) identificar associações entre variáveis sobre a percepção do suporte social das crianças e adolescentes, sobre a auto-avaliação da criança no que diz respeito ao seu desenvolvimento socioemocional e na avaliação dos pais com relação ao desenvolvimento socioemocional de seus filhos. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos foram realizados dois estudos. O Estudo 1 envolveu a adaptação transcultural da versão portuguesa do SOCIAL SUPPORT APPRAISAL e o Estudo 2 respondeu pelo estudo de correlação. Foram participantes do Estudo 1, 218 crianças e adolescentes e 10 profissionais de nível superior. Foram realizadas as seguintes análises: Apha de Cronbach, Análise Fatorial e Análise de Variância. Os resultados apontaram para um índice de consistência interna para a escala geral de 0,74, a Análise Fatorial confirmou a estrutura proposta com quatro fatores (família, amigos, professores e outros), pela Análise de Variância foram verificadas diferenças significativas na percepção do suporte social de acordo com série e gênero e idade e série dos participantes. No Estudo 2 participaram 51 crianças e adolescentes com idades entre 11 e 13 anos e seus pais. As crianças e adolescentes estavam vinculadas às instituições não governamentais que oferecem serviços de apoio a crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco pessoal e social. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: a versão brasileira do SOCIAL SUPPORT APPRAISALS, o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades, o Questionário de Identificação e Caracterização da Criança e o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil. Foram realizadas análises de correlação de Pearson, Análise de Variância e Análise de Agrupamento. Os resultados indicaram que quanto maior a percepção do suporte social total menor os sintomas de dificuldades apresentados pelas crianças e adolescentes; além de disso observaram-se outras variáveis associadas aos resultados de saúde mental e nível de suporte social dos participantes, como por exemplo, repetência escolar, o grau de escolaridade paterno, dentre outros.

The target of the diploma thesis is to revise appraisal of employee performance system in specific company and to propose effective solutions in case of any discrepancies. In the theoretical part is defined the meaning and added value of employee appraisal system of performance, its connections to other HR processes, system requirements, contents, methods of appraisal, classification of employee performance, implementation or reimplementation the system to a company. This part of diploma thesis also describes theoretical press of appraisals and highlights the common mistakes. The practical part of the diploma thesis characterizes a specific company, analyzes a current company system of employee appraisal. And based on the results of the analysis describes the system in HR policy according to ČSN EN ISO 9001 a ČSN P ISO/TS 16949. This part links the system to other HR systems e.g. bonus system. The results of the author's work are training for evaluators and new modification of the evaluation forms. Outcome of this diploma thesis are also extensive attachments that provides concrete proposals, which were verified in practice.

Health related outcomes for individuals with chronic symptoms of illness can be influenced by complex, socio-emotional processes. The primary interest of this study was to determine whether perceived social support lessens the negative emotional appraisals of illness experience (e.g. anger, fear, hostile interpretations of illness), and the role of these emotional appraisals in health outcomes for those diagnosed either with a conventional chronic illness (e.g. diabetes, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or a functional somatic syndrome (e.g. fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel). Data for this study were collected from a series of four surveys administered online, which included measures of perceived social support (MSPSS), emotional representations of illness (IPQ-R), and health outcomes (SF-36). The sample included 151 participants (129 Female, 22 Male), all of whom experienced chronic somatic symptoms for at least 3 months, with 57 classified as having a conventional diagnosis (CD) and 94 with a functional somatic syndrome (FSS). The results suggest a potential mechanism for the buffering effect of social support, such that those with higher levels of social support reported lower degrees of emotional representations. After controlling for demographic and illness-related variables, social support was a significant predictor of emotional representations of illness. Emotional appraisals of physical symptoms predicted a majority of the health dimensions of the SF-36; including social functioning, role limitations due to physical problems and emotional problems, emotional well-being, vitality, and overall perception of general health. The pattern of findings underscores the need to consider the influence of psychosocial processes on both psychological and physical well-being in populations adjusting to chronic illness.

Stress och annan psykosocial ohälsa är ett stort arbetsmiljöprobleam på många arbetsplatser idag. För att kunna upptäcka signaler på psykosocial ohälsa i ett tidigt skede införde Borås Energi och Miljö, under hösten 2019, något de kallar energisamtal som en arbetsmiljöinsats. Syftet med studien var att ta reda på om energisamtalen kan bidra till en bättre psykosocial arbetsmiljö eller ej. Därför genomfördes individuella intervjuer med nio medarbetare från tre avdelningar där energisamtal tillämpats på prov. Med utgångspunkt i våra frågeställningar och den samtalsmall som används vid energisamtalen, skapades en semistrukturerad intervjuguide som användes vid intervjuerna. De transkriberade intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ metod utifrån ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att energisamtalens möjlighet att påverka den psykosociala arbetsmiljön i själva verket hänger på den individuella relationen mellan chef och medarbetare. När det finns förtroende i relationen mellan chef och medarbetare är det större möjlighet att medarbetaren är ärlig med både mående och den aktuella arbetsbelastningen. Då stress är en vanlig effekt av en dålig psykosocial arbetsmiljö har vi tittat på forskning om stressdiskurs relaterat till arbetslivet för att förstå resultatet. Dessutom har teorier kring organisationskultur och maktanalys tagits till hjälp för att förstå hur chefens agerande påverkar medarbetarens psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Stödet från organisationen och särskilt det sociala stödet från chefen var en viktig del i medarbetarnas välmående. Studiens viktigaste slutsats är att chefernas attityd och beteende har en stor betydelse för resultatet av energisamtalen. Genom att vara medveten om sin egen maktposition och genom att anpassa sitt förhållningssätt därefter, kan chefen skapa en öppnare kommunikation med sina medarbetare. Under förutsättning att kommunikationen mellan chef och medarbetare fungerar som tänkt och präglas av förtroende och öppenhet är energisamtal en bra metod för att fånga upp problem med medarbetarens psykosociala arbetsmiljö. / Stress and other unhealthy psychosocial work environments are a major problem in many workplaces today. In order to detect signals of an unhealthy work environment at an early stage, Borås Energi och Miljö introduced something they call energisamtal (energy Conversation), as a work environment initiative, in the fall of 2019. We conducted nine qualitative interviews from a phenomenological perspective, with employees who were included in three test groups for energisamtal. The purpose of the study was to find out whether energisamtal can contribute to a better psychosocial work environment or not. With our research questions in mind, together with the conversation template used in the energy interviews, we created a semi-structured interview guide for our interviews. The result shows that the ability of energisamtal to affect the psychosocial work environment depends on the individual relationship between manager and employees. When there is trust in the relationship between the manager and the employee, there is a greater chance that the employee is honest with both their feeling and the current workload. Since stress is a common effect of a poor psychosocial work environment, we have looked at research on stress discourse related to working life to understand the result. In addition, theories about organizational culture and power analysis have been used to understand how the manager's actions affect the employee's psychosocial work environment. The support from the organization and especially the social support from the manager was an important part of the well-being of the employees. The conclusion we have reached is that the managers have a major impact on the results of the energisamtal and by being aware of their own power position, and thus changing their approach, the manager can create a more open communication with their employees. Through good communication, energisamtal are a good arena for highlighting problems with the employee's psychosocial work environment.