Pour Boltanski et Chiapello (1999), la critique artiste a été récupérée par le capitalisme. La motivation repose aujourd’hui grandement sur certains principes au nom desquels il était critiqué dans les années 60. Pourtant n’existe-t-il pas dans certaines organisations artistiques des grandeurs, valeurs ou pratiques, des modes d’organisation et de vie commune, constituant un ferment critique qui n’a pas été récupéré par le capitalisme contemporain ? Une exploration de type ethnographique a été menée au sein d’Odin Teatret, au Danemark, une organisation où la critique artiste s’élabore et se vit. Nous avons observé et participé au total pendant six mois aux créations et activités de ce groupe hors norme. Dans un premier temps, en nous inspirant de la description dense de Geertz, nous avons constaté que, bien que parfois avec des formes et une acuité particulière, bien des ressorts décrits par Boltanski et Chiapello étaient à l’oeuvre mais que cependant certaines énigmes demeuraient. Abandonnant l’approche cognitive de Geertz pour celle plus réflexive et tournée vers les affects de Stewart, nous avons ensuite entrepris de poursuivre et re-décrire notre expérience en insistant sur le désir, la transformation, la présence, pour chercher une autre manière de faire sens, riche et affective, de l’activité à Odin. Dans un troisième temps, cette expérience à Odin est réfléchie grâce aux concepts de Stiegler. Nous comprenons alors que ce lieu est le théâtre de certains processus différents de l’entreprise capitaliste, fut-elle organisée en réseau. L’individuation psychique, collective et technique, le rôle du désir et d’une certaine économie libidinale, le rôle du non calculable, l’insistance de la recherche non de motivations mais de ce qui fait que la vie mérite d’être vécue… sont autant de facettes qui ne peuvent être que partiellement récupérées par l’économie capitaliste. Par ailleurs la présence, l’ouverture au possible, la créativité, peut-être même l’authenticité, demandent un entraînement long, répété et épuisant (exigeant). A la différence de la standardisation et de la pulsion dans la consommation, il s’agit de mettre son être en mouvement – non pour devenir une forme précise, mais cherchant le mouvement pour lui-même qui ouvre à la présence et à une intensité de vie. Une critique artiste, réinterrogeant ces éléments, peut toujours être présente, même virulente contre un capitalisme qui fait de nous des endormis et des corps stupides / [non communiqué]

Cette thèse sur travaux vise à reconstituer la cohérence d’une trajectoire de recherche caractérisée simultanément par : 1) le souci d’inclure l’histoire de l’art dans un cadre interdisciplinaire qui fait une place de choix à la dimension sociale et communicationnelle des formes sans toutefois l’y réduire ; 2) le projet d’interroger à nouveaux frais les rapports entre centre et périphérie artistiques à travers les textes les plus significatifs d’une carrière attachée à la conservation et la monstration. C’est la raison pour laquelle le mémoire s’ouvre sur une réévaluation de la portée heuristique des notions de centre et de périphérie. L’article fondateur d’Enrico Castelnuovo et Carlo Ginzburg est l’objet d’une relecture informée par la logique de recherche que les divers travaux révèlent. Dans un deuxième temps la grille analytique ainsi renouvelée est appliquée à un objet, la Provence. Cette région est à la fois un objet esthétique et un lieu de production. Son paradoxe est d’être un lieu de haute valeur symbolique en même temps qu’une périphérie, quelquefois même stigmatisée. Le troisième chapitre s’appuie sur une comparaison des artistes qui ont accompagné le parcours du conservateur. A cette occasion, les notions d’art, d’institution et de marché sont réinterrogées en accordant une importance particulière aux fonctions de l’exposition et de la critique d’art dans le processus de reconnaissance d’un artiste. Enfin, l’importance relative de la photographie et de l’art vidéo dans le travail de conservateur conduit à mettre à l’épreuve la notion d’« art moyen » développée par Pierre Bourdieu. On peut repérer les dynamiques propres à ces domaines qui visent à les faire sortir de la situation de relégation relative où ils se trouvent. / This dissertation based on works aims to reconstruct the cohesiveness of a research trajectory both characterized by: 1) the attempt to include art history in an interdisciplinary frame that gives a significant weight to its social and communicative dimension without being reductionist; 2) the will to question afresh the relationships between center and artistic periphery through published texts during a career devoted to curating and exhibiting. This is why the original text starts with a reassessment of Enrico Castelnuovo and Carlo Ginzburg famous article based on the research logic that different published texts reveal. Then the renovated analytical grid is applied to an object, Provence. This region is both an aesthetical object and a site of production. Its paradox leads it to be a place of high symbolic value as well as a periphery, sometimes stigmatized. The third chapter is based on a comparison between the artists that have been exhibited during the curator’s trajectory. By doing that, the notions of art, institution and market are revisited with a special attention given to the functions of exhibition and art critique in the process of artistic recognition. Last the relative importance of photo and video art in the curator’s trajectory leads to reassess the notion of middle-brow art (art moyen) developed by Pierre Bourdieu. One can thus identify the dynamics specific to those domains that aims to end the situation of relegation that has for long trapped them.

Notre thèse porte sur François Sabatier (1818, Montpellier – 1891, Lunel), époux de la cantatrice Caroline Ungher, traducteur de Goethe et Schiller, connu comme critique et mécène fouriériste à travers la publication de son Salon de 1851 à la Librairie phalanstérienne et la commande du décor de son palais florentin à des artistes fouriéristes (Bouquet, Ottin, Papéty). L'utilisation de sources inutilisées, ses manuscrits et la reconstitution de sa bibliothèque léguée à Montpellier permettent de reconsidérer les rapports à l'art de François Sabatier. Sa formation, entre fréquentation des artistes (Courbet, Hébert, Ricard, Lefuel, Lessore), voyages, séjours et résidences (Allemagne, Grèce, Italie), lectures et rencontres des auteurs est ainsi mieux connue. Ce que sa critique doit à celle-ci est éclairé de même que son ambition théorique. Enfin, sa participation pratique à des débats artistiques et historiques contemporains, le réalisme, l'attribution du palais de la Zisa à Palerme et les techniques de restaurations des mosaïques en Sicile, font apparaître d'importantes contributions. Les réseaux qui constituent sa sociabilité et ses engagements révèlent des auteurs comme Amari, Di Marzo, Michelet, Villari, Schnaase, Gregorovius, et des acteurs de la conservation des œuvres, Salinas, Riolo. La démarche suivie, qui s'est appuyée sur le catalogage de sa bibliothèque et le relevé des dédicaces et notes en marge des ouvrages, permet donc de préciser la nature de ses rapports à l'art, plus étendus que la critique, le mécénat et la collection / This thesis focuses on François Sabatier (1818, Montpellier - 1891, Lunel), husband of the singer Caroline Ungher and translator of Goethe and Schiller, known as a patron and Fourierist critic through the publication of his Salon de 1851 in the Librairie phalanstérienne and his selection of the decor of his Florentine palace by Fourierist artists (Bouquet, Ottin, Papety). The utilisation of previously unused historical sources, of his manuscripts and the reconstruction of his library, which was bequeathed to Montpellier, allow one to reconsider Sabatier's relationship to art. As a result, his formation, which includes his association with artists (Courbet, Hébert, Ricard, Lefuel, Lesscore), his journeys and residencies (in Germany, Greece, Italy), his readings and meetings with authors is now better known. Consequently, his critique and his theoretical ambitions appear in a new light. Finally, his engagement in contemporary artistic and historical debates, realism, awarding of the Zisa palace to Palermo and techniques for restauring mosaics in Sicily all exemplify his important contributions. The networks constituting his sociability and engagements include authors such as Amari, Di Marzo, Michelet, Villari, Schnaase, Gregorovius, and such conservators of art works as Salinas and Riolo. The approach followed here is based on the cataloging of his library and the recording of his inscriptions and marginal notes in books, and allows one to specify the nature of his relationship to art, which goes far beyond critique, patronage and collection

O presente trabalho visa estabelecer um exercício de perspectiva entre arte e loucura. Atentando para aquilo que é outro, heterogêneo, estrangeiro, constrói- se o terreno para perguntar o que pode a loucura dizer e revelar sobre a arte e a história da arte, e o que pode a arte dizer sobre a loucura. Paralelamente, pergunta-se pelo potencial da antropologia em relação a ambas: como a etnografia e a atitude antropológica podem se construir como paradigma para a teoria e a crítica de arte? A partir da imersão etnográfica em um contexto de reclusão onde arte e loucura se encontram - a oficina de criatividade de um hospital psiquiátrico -, pergunta-se o que podem a antropologia e a etnografia diante da loucura, suas obras e processos. Discute-se, então, uma “virada etnográfica” na arte contemporânea e uma “virada antropológica” ou “etnográfica”, ainda por realizar, na crítica de arte, situando-a enquanto experiência vivida, imersão e criação. Como transformar essas experiências em paradigma para pensar não só as artes dos outros, mas outras artes, outras possibilidades e modos de ser da arte? A partir de visões de diferentes formas pelas quais a busca e o contato com a alteridade se fizeram nas artes visuais, chega-se a indagar pela arte dos loucos. Nesse percurso são mobilizados diferentes referenciais como o Surrealismo, Jean Dubuffet, Arnulf Rainer, Bispo do Rosário, Michel Foucault, entre outros. Nesse exercício, não se perdeu de vista a dimensão política da exclusão dos atores sociais tidos como loucos. A escrita foi vista enquanto tarefa ética frente à memória do sofrimento dos excluídos. A todo o instante, é retomado o questionamento sobre como seguir a linha que liga arte e loucura, sem confirmar compromissos policiais e asilares com as instituições intoleráveis e repressivas de nossa cultura. / This thesis intends to undertake an exercise of perspective between the fields of art and madness. Focusing on what is heterogeneous, stranger, other respect to ourselves and our culture, it puts forward the question about what can madness reveal about art and the history of art, and what can art tell us about madness. This thesis also asks about the potential of anthropology on relating to both art and madness: how can ethnography and an anthropological attitude constitute themselves as a paradigm to art criticism and to the theory of art? Departing from the ethnographic immersion into a universe of reclusion where art and madness meet – the creativity workshop of a psychiatric hospital -, this dissertation investigates the potentialities of anthropology and ethnography in face of madness, its works and processes. An “ethnographic turn” in contemporary art is, then, discussed, as well as an “ethnographic turn”, yet to accomplish, in art criticism, figuring it as intensive experience, immersion and process of creation. How to transform these experiences into a paradigm not just to think the arts of the others (“outsider arts”), but also to think other kinds of art, different possibilities and alternative concepts of art? Departing from several different ways by which the quest and the contact with alterity and otherness were made in the visual arts, the thesis approaches the art of the insane. Along this path, different artistic and philosophical references are mobilized such as Surrealism, Jean Dubuffet, Arnulf Rainer, Bispo do Rosário, Michel Foucault, among others. In this exercise, the political aspects regarding the process of exclusion of social actors categorized as mad are never out of sight. The act of writing was assumed as an ethical task before the necessity of remembering the suffering inflicted to the mad by society. The text constantly reiterates the questioning about how to follow the path that connects art and madness without confirming compromises with intolerable and repressive institutions of our culture.

Este trabalho é resultado de pesquisa de campo realizada com a artista plástica Flávia Ribeiro, abrangendo um período extenso de produção de sua obra. O objetivo é fazer uma leitura psicanalítica de sua poética, tecendo um fio condutor para a compreensão de trabalhos executados no decorrer de 10 anos, com materiais diferentes, dimensões extremamente variadas e linguagens plásticas que vão da pintura, desenho, gravura à escultura. Segue metodologia que utiliza entrevistas livres gravadas no ateliê da artista, cujo material transcrito é abordado à maneira da atenção flutuante da escuta psicanalítica; uma leitura flutuante que recorta a associação livre da artista em unidades temáticas. Assim, o trabalho de pesquisa concentra-se em duas frentes: o discurso do artista e o contato com a obra, a partir da psicanálise implicada, que trabalha as manifestações singulares da obra com seu leitor e insere o inconsciente do observador no campo observado como instrumento de pesquisa, tal como se dá no campo transferencial psicanalítico. Ora, é fato que a crítica contemporânea de arte, diferentemente da moderna, que supõe o crítico como legitimador da obra e mediador desta com o público, centra seu interesse na legibilidade das obras e a participação das situações propostas pelos artistas. Exige de seu crítico, portanto, o pensar sobre sua experiência. Deste modo, como não se trata da produção de conhecimento a partir de uma hipótese a priori e sim de uma reflexão efetuada a partir das questões suscitadas no decorrer do processo e em convívio com a artista, este trabalho inscreve-se na seara crítica. E, uma vez que se trata de uma leitura que organiza sua poética em recortes que a ele conferem novos sentidos, desenvolve-se como uma estratégia curatorial do universo poético de Flávia Ribeiro. / This paper is the result of field research conducted on plastic artist Flávia Ribeiro and encompasses an extensive period of her career. The aim is to apply a psychoanalytic reading to her poetic, drawing a connective thread through it and thus understanding her production spanning a period of ten years, including different subjects and a broad variety of dimensions and plastic expressions, ranging from painting, drawing and engraving to sculpture. The methodology makes use of open interviews conducted in the artists studio. This material, when transcribed, is approached with the same free floating attention as utilized in psychoanalysis an open ear that divides the artists free association into separate subjects. Concentrating on two fronts: the artists discourse and contact with her work, it is sustained within implied psychoanalysis which, as can be seen in the field of transference, processes the unique manifestations of the works with their reader and inserts the observers unconscious into the observed field as a research tool. Indeed, it is a fact that contemporary reviews of art focus their interest on the legibility of the works and participation in situations proposed by artists. Critics are therefore required to think about their experience and not focus on legitimizing the work or mediating it with the public. As this paper deals with reflections on issues arising during time spent with the artist, rather than with the production of knowledge based on an a priori hypothesis, it can be considered as a review and, as it is a reading that organizes its poetic in snippets which confer new meanings, the paper evolves as a curatorial strategy for Flávia Ribeiros poetic universe.

abstract: Many contemporary artists have turned to the past in order to negotiate and make sense of their relationship with the present. Similarly, museums have begun to look back in order to push forward and through a revisionist lens they scrutinize their collections and reveal ignored object histories. A prominent method some museums implement is allowing contemporary artists to comb through the vaults and present new relationships between their objects to their visitors. Through a psychological analysis of memory, and theorists’ dissection of nostalgia, object agency, and contemporaneity, I argue that artists Spencer Finch, Do Ho Suh, Newsha Tavakolian, Solmaz Daryani, Malekeh Nayiny, Mitra Tabrizian, Mark Dion, Fred Wilson, and Gala Porras-Kim function as revivalists – or artists whose works use memory and nostalgia to bring the past back to life. By attempting to retrieve memories, create nostalgic experiences, and question histories, they make their works tools for remembrance, reconciliation, and renegotiation with the past and present. The concerns these artists bring to the surface through their works build an understanding of how memory and nostalgia function as devices for personal meaning-making, trauma processing, and human-object relationship building. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Art History 2020

abstract: The relationship between Chinese modern and contemporary artistic creation and the national sovereignty of China is a worthy subject of debate. Within it, modernism and intellectual/artistic subjectivity are two necessary starting points. However, there is still a good deal of uncertainty around these two points. First, can the modernization process of China be accepted as the general meaning of modernization? Second, are some Chinese modern and contemporary artists actually modern intellectuals? Based on clarification of the above two uncertainties, this thesis is an attempt to argue that the Chinese artists who regard themselves, their artworks and creations, as intellectual, reflect the collision domain between themselves and the political entity of national sovereignty in China: the communist regime controlled by the CCP, Chinese Communist Party中國共産黨. In this thesis, three chapters discuss the relationship between Chinese modern and contemporary art and the CCP. In my theoretical exposition, I argue that the artistic/intellectual subjectivity of modern Chinese artists gradually developed and changed during the conflict and struggle with the Communist rule. In the first chapter, I introduce the biography and artistic creation of Chinese literati painters under the communist rule, exemplified by Wu Hufan吳湖帆. I analyze and demonstrate how the subjectivity of the traditional literati gradually lost strength under the pressure of nationalism, the disenchantment with modernization, and communism. In the second chapter, I focus on the Scar Art art movement of the 1970s to the 1980s, as well as representative artists and their works in this direction of art, such as Cheng Conglin程叢林 and Gao Xiaohua高小華. In this chapter, I use feminism and Foucault's political-philosophical theories to explain these visual expressions of the memory of historical trauma in Scar Art during this period. In Chapter 3, by discussing the works of two artists, He Gong何工 and Ai Weiwei艾未未, in the context of Foucault’s political philosophy, I argue that artists how to express their intellectual subjectivity and political resistance through their contributions to Chinese contemporary art. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Art History 2020

abstract: Art and law have a troubled relationship that is defined by steep hierarchies placing art subject to law. But beyond the interplay of transgressions and regulations, manifest in a number of high-profile cases, there are more intricate connections between the two disciplines. By expanding the notion of law into the concept of a hybrid collectif of legality, the hierarchies flatten and unfamiliar forms of possible interactions emerge. Legality, the quality of something being legal, serves as a model to show the capricious workings of law outside of its own profession. New juridical actors—such as algorithms—already challenge traditional regulatory powers and art could assume a similar role. This thesis offers a point of departure for the involvement of art in shaping emergent legalities that transcend existent jurisdictions through computer code. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Art History 2018

The question of the existence of the right art has been solved by many theorists and artists themselves. The first half of the twentieth century was affected by the coming world wars, Nazism and socialism. The establishment of avant-garde was associated with it and new movements tried to confront such society. Along with avant-garde artistic critics appeared, those who more or less influenced artists themselves. Theories of Friedrich Nietzsche, Theodor Adorno, Jean Francois Lyotard, Clement Greenberg and Leo Steinberg are different, but are also consistent with the fundamental thing. That is the desire for a change and accuracy of art. The first two authors think that the right art was already there, but it was destroyed. Others are looking into present and future. In the shadow of modern technologies they try to find something that will be unique and original. These thoughts come to the imagination of unrepresent-able things and abstraction. Abstract Expressionism is a movement, which was originally established in the thirties in the USA. Along with it, the art center moved from Paris to New York. Abstract Expressionists were divided into two groups. One of them, artists such as Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning, has been called action painters. The second group, in which Barnett Newman and...

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