The diploma thesis deals with the use of recycled polymers in asphalt mixtures. In the theoretical part of the thesis there is discussed the global issue of plastic waste including the experience of foreign countries, where this technology has already been introducted and used. The practical part is devoted to the proposal of using recycled plastic in asphalt mixture, description of used laboratory tests and the evaluating the effect of low-density polyethylen (LDPE) on the asphalt mixture type AC. There were performed tensile strenght tests, water resistant tests and stiffness modulus tests in the laboratory (E). The output of this work is an evaluation of measured values, processing of results and their interpretation depending on the possible use of this technology in Czech republic.

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Soil-Rock sounding (jb-sounding) is a common method in Sweden, used to determine soil layering. An extension of this method, referred to as Acoustic Soil-Rock sounding, is currently under developement at KTH in Stockholm. This method uses the ground vibrations induced by drilling during jb-sounding. The aim is to investigate if additional information on the soil can be obtained by analysis of the vibrations, e.g. thin layers that cannot be registered by conventional jb-sounding.In this Master’s thesis, a further study of the method Acoustic Soil-Rock sounding has been undertaken to see whether the method is applicable or not. Furthemore, it is investigated whether it is possible to perform the vibration measurements on asphalt covered ground and obtain reliable results, alternatively whether it is possible to detect some systematic difference. This has been conducted as a field observation where the data has been collected during jb-sounding. The data, i.e. the vibration signal, was registered using geophones, one placed on asphalt and one on soil. Measurements from nine boreholes were performed in total; however, only eight of these have been analysed due to failing to register the depth signal properly in one case. The vibration signals have been processed using MATLAB to obtain the frequency spectra and spectrograms, to which the results of the jb-sounding and previous acoustic measurements have been compared.After analysis and comparison of the results, the conclusion was that Acoustic jb-sounding is an applicable method that ought to be developed further and the results from the measurements performed on asphalt were reliable. That is to say, no discernible difference could be deduced between measurements conducted on asphalt and soil. / Jord-bergsondering (jb-sondering) är en i Sverige vanlig metod för att undersöka jordens uppbyggnad. En påbyggnad av denna metod, kallad akustisk jb-sondering, håller för tillfället på att studeras vid KTH i Stockholm. Denna metod går ut på att mäta de vibrationer som uppstår vid markytan till följd av borrning, i samband med jb-sondering. Syftet är att undersöka huruvida kompletterande information från jordlager kan erhållas genom analys av vibrationerna, såsom tunnare lager som annars inte kan registreras av den konventionella jb-sonderingen.I det här masterarbetet har ytterligare undersökning om metoden akustisk jb-sondering genomförts för att först se huruvida metoden är applicerbar eller inte. Vidare studeras om det är möjligt att utföra mätningar även på asfalt och då erhålla tillförlitliga resultat, alternativt om det är möjligt att utläsa någon systematisk skillnad. Detta har genomförts som en fältstudie där data har samlats in i samband med jb-sonderingar. Vibrationssignalerna registrerades med geofoner placerade på jord samt asfalt. Totalt genomfördes mätningar vid 9 stycken borrhål, men endast 8 av dessa har analyserats då djupsignalen från ett borrhål inte registrerades. Vibrationssignalerna har sedan bearbetats i MATLAB för att ta fram frekvensspektrum och spektrogram som sedan har jämförts med resultat från jb-sonderingar samt tidigare studier.Efter analys och jämförelse av resultaten drogs slutsatsen att akustisk jb-sondering är en applicerbar metod som bör utvecklas vidare och att resultaten från mätningar utförda på asfalt var tillförlitliga. Det vill säga ingen större skillnad mellan mätningarna på jord respektive asfalt kan ses.

Potholes are caused by erosion and as such always emerging on our roadnetwork. Potholes may not only cause great damages to vehicles, but can alsocause road accidents, which in the worst case are fatal. Today, the detection ofpotholes is usually based on citizen reports or ocular inspection by vehicle,where a loose description of the potholes properties and location can be given.Recent research has explored the possibility of aerial inspection of paved roadswith the new, cost effective, Structure-from-Motion (SfM) technique, whichcan produce 3D point clouds from photogrammetric data. SfM point cloudshave then been used in conjunction with processing algorithms toautomatically detect and extract potholes from paved surfaces. However, theresults have not been optimal for practical use. The purpose of this study is,therefore, to explore the possibility of using UAV LiDAR for potholedetection in paved roads as a better alternative to the currently popularStructure-from-Motion (SfM) technique. A LiDAR point cloud is derived by alaser scanner and may have several advantages over SfM, for instance, theinsensitivity to poor light conditions and modelling errors. This study is setout to answer how point clouds derived from UAV SfM and UAV LiDARcompare to each other regarding detecting potholes of different sizes, wheredetected potholes will be compared to ground truth data. An elevation check,consisting of 126 height control points along the paved road, will also be usedto evaluate the height accuracy in the clouds. Data collection is done with theUAV system mdLiDAR3000DL aaS containing a RIEGL miniVUX-1DLlaser scanner for LiDAR data and Sony RX1R II 42.4 megapixel camera forSfM data. The data for both methods are collected during the same flight. Theproposed method automatically detects and extracts potholes from a pavedsurface based on the vertical distance to local reference planes which representthe undamaged road surface. The point clouds are filtered in CloudComparebefore imported to TerraScan for detection and extraction of potholes. Theextraction results are then controlled by a set of terrestrial measurements bytotal station. The results show that potholes with a smaller width of at least16.5 cm and a depth of at least 2.7 cm can be detected and extracted frompoint clouds derived by UAV LiDAR at a flight altitude of 30 m. Theextracted potholes had a standard deviation of 1.40 cm in width and 6.7 mmin depth. Shadows on the road caused height anomalies in the point cloudproduced by Structure-from-Motion (SfM), which made pothole detectionimpossible with the proposed methodology. / Potthål skapas genom erosion i vägar och uppstår varje år i vägnätet. Skadornapåverkar inte bara fordonens skick, utan kan även vara orsaken till olyckorsom i vissa fall är dödliga. I dagsläget detekteras potthål genom ockulärt frånfordon av kommunala arbetare eller så rapporteras de in av medborgare via etjänst där en lös beskrivning kan ges angående potthålens egenskaper ochposition.På senare tid har studier utforskat möjligheterna för flygburen inspektion avasfalterade vägar med den nya, kostnadseffektiva, Structure-from-Motion(SfM) tekniken som kan producera 3D-punktmoln från fotogrammetrisk data.Punktmolnen som är framtagna genom denna metod har vidare använtstillsammans med bearbetningsalgoritmer för att detektion och extraktion avpotthål i asfalterade vägar. Dock har resultaten inte varit optimala för attmetoden ska fungera i praktiken. Syftet med den här studien är därför attutforska möjligheten för att använda UAV LiDAR som en bättre metod fördenna process. Punktmoln framtagna genom LiDAR-teknik, mer känt somlaserskanning, kan ha ett flertal potentiella fördelar över SfM som okänslighetmot modelleringsfel och dåliga ljusförhållanden.Denna studie ger svar på hur punktmoln framtagna genom UAV LiDAR ochUAV SfM förhåller sig till varandra när det gäller detektion av potthål i olikastorlekar från asfalterade vägar, där potthålens dimensioner kommer attjämföras mot markbundna kontrollmätningar. Vidare görs en höjdkontrollmot 126 höjdstöd i båda punktmolnen för att jämföra kvaliteten förhöjdmätningar på den asfalterade vägen genom respektive metod.Insamlingen av data gjordes samtidigt under samma flygning för bådametoderna. Drönaren som användes var Microdrones mdLiDAR3000DL aaSmed en RIEGL miniVUX-1DL laserskanner och en Sony RX1R II 42,4megapixelkamera monterad. Mjukvarorna som har använts för bearbetning ärCloudCompare för filtrering av brus med mera och TerraScan för självadetektions -och extraktionsprocessen.Resultatet visar att det är möjligt att extrahera potthål från LiDAR-baseradepunktmoln med en mindre bredd på minst 16,5 cm och ett djup på 2,7 cm.Standardavvikelsen för potthålens bredd är 1,4 cm och 6,7 mm i djup.Grupper av avvikande punkter skapades på vägen i det SfM-baseradepunktmolnen som en följd av ett modelleringsfel i skuggområden på vägen,vilket vidare gjorde detektion -och extraktionsprocessen omöjlig med denframtagna metoden.

The diploma thesis is focused on the design and production of two innovative asphalt mixtures of the VMT 22 type into the base asphalt course. The newly produced blends contain modified binders, such as polymer modified bitumen (PMB) and Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB). The theoretical part of the thesis describes the current state of the use of Reclaimed asphalt pavement in the base asphalt course. Furthermore, there are described types of asphalt mixtures for the base asphalt course are used in the Czech Republic and other countries. The conclusion of the theoretical part is devoted to the description of Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), its storage and processing in a hot mix center. In the practical part of this thesis, there is described design and test of two High modulus asphalt mixture VMT 22, into which 25% RAP is dosed cold without rejuvenators. These asphalt mixtures are then subjected to functional tests (Stiffness of asphalt mixture test, Resistance to fatigue test, Low temperature properties of asphalt mixture test). The results of the functional tests are compared with the functional requirements in the Czech regulation TP 151. In the end of this thesis it is verified by means of the LayEps software that a suitable design of the asphalt mixture can significantly extend the road life.

The subject of the thesis is to describe the effect of fluxing additives on the behaviour of asphalt binders. Emphasis will be placed on changes in rheological properties of asphalt binders at intermediate temperatures, stability during aging and influence of fluxing agents on their low-temperature properties. Theoretical part will deal with the principle of asphalt binders aging and it will summarize knowledge about fluxing additives. Further, empirical and functional tests will be described in order to evaluate asphalt binders. In the practical part, all laboratory tests will be evaluated and the effects of two different fluxing additives will be compared.

This master's thesis describes how to use the asphalt layer called Stress Absorbing Layer (SAL) and comparises it with other types of SAL with different types of asphalt binders. In the first theoretical part is SAL generally described. In the second part is SAL practically tested and described.

Presented dissertation thesis is focused on the possibility of using the crumb rubber from waste tires for modification of paving grade bitumen. The resulting asphalt rubber can be used as an alternative to polymer modified bitumen in compacted bituminous mixtures. The theoretical part describes the rheological properties of asphalt binders and the history and today state of the art in the world and in the Czech Republic. The practical part of the work contains a description of the properties of chosen crumb rubbers and produced asphalt rubbers focused on their rheological properties and on change of these properties caused by the aging at high temperature. Subsequently, the chosen empirical and functional properties of bituminous mixtures with asphalt rubber are described. Laboratory properties of these mixtures were verified under real service conditions on 32 test sections. Based on the dissertation thesis results the preliminary technical specification of the Ministry of Transport (TP 148) and their following revision were approved. The conclusion of the work summarizes and highlights the results of the dissertation.

This master's thesis deals with the design of two asphalt mixtures for a wearing course containing 35 % R-material. The asphalt mixtures use a soft bitumen modified with crumb rubber (CRMB) or the unmodified soft binder itself with a penetration grade of 70/100. The work verifies the effect of crumb rubber as a bitumen modifier on the properties of the asphalt mixture with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). At the same time, the work deals with the possibility of using higher amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement only in combination with a softer binder without the use of rejuvenating additives. The properties of asphalt binders and mixtures are verified using suitable functional tests. Furthermore, the proposed mixtures and their results are compared from various perspectives. At the same time, the thesis in the theoretical part deals with the dosing of a reclaimed asphalt pavement into the asphalt mixture and describes the handling and use of reclaimed asphalt pavement in the Czech Republic and abroad

The Diploma thesis is focus on polymer modified bitumen for warm mix asphalt. The theoretical part of the thesis describes additives which influence the properties of bitumen for their use and reduction of production and service temperatures. Further, the theoretical part describes the conclusions from the researches. This part also describes empirical and functional tests of bituminous binders. The practical part presents the results of individual tests. Tests were performed on samples of non-aged, aged by RTFOT and RTFOT + PAV methods. The results of the work and the assessment of the suitability of bituminous binders are summarized at the end of the thesis.