The University of Arizona Yearbook is an annual publication that documents student activities, and campus life. The yearbook contains photographs and information about the university including: homecoming, graduating class, athletic events, student organizations and faculty.

<p>Ova studija je bila prospektivnog karaktera. Uz dopu&scaron;tenje etičkog komiteta Kliničkog centra Vojvodine istraživanje je sprovedeno na Klinici za ortopedsku hirurgiju i traumatologiju i obuhvatilo je 60 pacijenata mu&scaron;kog pola, koji su metodom slučajnog izbora na randomizirani način uključeni u ispitivanje, a koji se aktivno i profesionalno bave fudbalom, ko&scaron;arkom ili odbojkom,&nbsp; primljenih na Kliniku za ortopedsku hirurgiju radi artroskopske rekonstrukcije pokidanog prednjeg ukr&scaron;tenog ligamenta. U ispitivanje su uključeni samo oni pacijenti koji su dali potpisani informisani pristanak da učestvuju u ispitivanju, koji su zadovoljii sve kriterijume za uključivanje i koji nisu imali niti jedan kriterijum za isključivanje iz studije. Kriterijumi za uključivanje u studiju&nbsp; podrazumevali su sledeće: da je pacijent&nbsp; primljen na Kliniku za ortopedsku hirurgiju i traumatologiju Kliničkog centra Vojvodine u Novom Sadu radi operativnog lečenja prekida prednjeg ukr&scaron;tenog ligamenta kolena, da je potpisao informisani pristanak za uključivanje, da je starosne dobi od 18 do 45 godina, da se aktivno i profesionalno bave fizičkom aktivno&scaron;ću regulisanom pravilima (fudbal, odbojka, ko&scaron;arka). Kriterijumi za isključivanje pacijenata iz istraživanja bili su sledeći: prisustvo udružene povrede i spolja&scaron;njeg pobočnog ligamenta koja zahteva operativno lečenje, pojava težih op&scaron;te &ndash; hirur&scaron;kih komplikacija, želja pacijenta da bude isključen iz daljeg ispitivanja, bez obaveze da tu svoju odluku obrazloži. U prvoj fazi konstruisan je aparat, digitalni goniometar, uz pomoć kojeg je urađen eksperimentalni deo ovog ispitivanja i napravljena je baza podataka sa poljima za upis deskriptivnih i antropometrijskih parametara. Potom je uz pomoć aparata svim ispitanicima testirana sposobnost propriocepcije (JPS). Testiranje&nbsp; je obavljeno preoperativno na povređenom i nepovređenom ekstremitetu, u dva maha: odmah po zadavanju ciljnog ugla od 35&deg; i nakon 5 minuta. Druga faza je obavljena minimum 6 meseci nakon operativnog lečenja, hirur&scaron;kom, artroskopskom rekonstrukcijom pokidanog prednjeg ukr&scaron;tenog ligamenta kost-tetiva-kost tehnikom (bone-tendo-bone, BTB). Klinički pregled&nbsp; svakog pacijenta je podrazumevao proveru rezultata Lachman testa (pozitivan/negativan), Lysholm i IKDC bodovne skale za koleno i to preoperativno a potom i tokom postoperativnog kontrolnog pregleda. Po uzoru na mnoge sajtove renomiranih ortopedskih organizacija (http://www.orthopaedicscore.com/), naparavljen je on-line upitnik na Google drive-u gde su u elektronskom obliku prikupljani podaci za skale koje smo koristili. Dobijeni rezultati su za svaku skalu ponaosob potom prebacivani u Excel i dalje&nbsp; obrađivani adekvatnim statističkim alatkama u adekvatnom programu. U rezultatima je uočeno da dobijena razlika u preciznosti pozicioniranja potkolenice sa o&scaron;tećenim ligamentarnim aparatom kolena u odnosu na nepovređenu nogu pre hirur&scaron;ke rekonstrukcije prednjeg ukr&scaron;tenog ligamenta ne pokazuje statistički značajnu razliku. Međutim, postojala je statistički značajna razlika u brzini kojom se postiže zadati ugao, tj. povređena noga imala je veći intenzitet ugaonog uspona &scaron;to ukazuje na kvalitativne razlike u samom obrascu pokreta. Takođe, na ovom uzorku dobijeno je da postoji statistički značajna razlika u preciznosti pozicioniranja potkolenice sa o&scaron;tećenim ligamentarnim aparatom kolena u odnosu na nepovređenu nogu nakon hirur&scaron;ke rekonstrukcije prednjeg ukr&scaron;tenog ligamenta tj. pacijenti su nakon rekonstrukcije statistički značajno &raquo;prebacivali&laquo; zadatu vrednost od 35&deg;. Test pozicioniranja ekstremiteta za ovo ispitivanje konstruisanim aparatom se pokazao kao senzitivna i specifična dijagnostička procedura gubitka sposobnosti propriocepcije usled kidanja prednjeg ukr&scaron;tenog ligamenta.</p> / <p>In this prospective study examined group consisted&nbsp; of&nbsp; 60&nbsp; male&nbsp; patients&nbsp; with&nbsp; an anterior&nbsp; cruciate&nbsp; ligament&nbsp; tear&nbsp; and&nbsp; all participants&nbsp;&nbsp; were&nbsp;&nbsp; at&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; time&nbsp;&nbsp; before injury&nbsp;&nbsp; actively&nbsp;&nbsp; playing&nbsp;&nbsp; afootball, basketball&nbsp; or&nbsp; volleyball.&nbsp; The&nbsp; study&nbsp; was conducted&nbsp; at&nbsp; the&nbsp; Clinic&nbsp; for&nbsp; Orthopaedic Surgery&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Traumatology&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Clinical Center&nbsp; of&nbsp; Vojvodina&nbsp; in&nbsp; Novi&nbsp; Sad&nbsp; where participants&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; were&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; admitted&nbsp;&nbsp; for arthroscopic ligament reconstruction. All participants&nbsp; were&nbsp; informed&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; study by&nbsp;&nbsp; their&nbsp;&nbsp; clinicians&nbsp;&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; gave&nbsp;&nbsp; written consent. Thee exclusion criteria were the following:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; occurrence&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; combined cruciate&nbsp; ligament&nbsp; with&nbsp; lateral&nbsp; collateral ligament&nbsp;&nbsp; injury&nbsp;&nbsp; that&nbsp;&nbsp; required&nbsp;&nbsp; surgical treatment;&nbsp; occurrence&nbsp; of&nbsp; more&nbsp; serious general&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; surgical complications; the patient&rsquo;s&nbsp; wish&nbsp; to&nbsp; be&nbsp; excluded&nbsp; from further&nbsp; research&nbsp; without&nbsp; an&nbsp; obligation&nbsp; to give&nbsp;&nbsp; any&nbsp;&nbsp; further&nbsp;&nbsp; explanation&nbsp;&nbsp; to&nbsp;&nbsp; his decision.&nbsp; In&nbsp; the&nbsp; first&nbsp; stage&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; study, an&nbsp; apparatus&nbsp; called&nbsp; digital&nbsp; goniometer was&nbsp;&nbsp; constructed,&nbsp;&nbsp; which&nbsp;&nbsp; was&nbsp;&nbsp; used&nbsp;&nbsp; to conduct&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; experimental&nbsp;&nbsp; part&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; the study,&nbsp; and&nbsp; a&nbsp; database&nbsp; with&nbsp; fields&nbsp; for inserting&nbsp; descriptive&nbsp; and&nbsp; anthropometric parameters was made. Next, by using the apparatus,&nbsp; all&nbsp; subjects&nbsp; were&nbsp; tested&nbsp; for proprioception&nbsp; ability&nbsp; (JPS).&nbsp; The&nbsp; tests were&nbsp; performed&nbsp; preoperatively&nbsp; on&nbsp; the injured&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; uninjured&nbsp; limb&nbsp; in&nbsp; two instances:&nbsp; straight&nbsp; after&nbsp; determining&nbsp; the target&nbsp;&nbsp; angle&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; 35&deg;&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; 5&nbsp;&nbsp; minutes afterwards.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; second&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; stage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; was performed&nbsp; postoperatively&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; same maner,&nbsp;&nbsp; following&nbsp;&nbsp; a&nbsp;&nbsp; minimal&nbsp;&nbsp; 6-month period&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; after&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; surgical&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; arthroscopic reconstruction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; torn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; anterior cruciate&nbsp; ligament&nbsp; by&nbsp; bone-tendon-bone (BTB) technique. The clinical evaluation of&nbsp; each&nbsp; patient&nbsp; involved&nbsp; Lachman&nbsp; test (positive / negative), Lysholm and IKDC scales,&nbsp;&nbsp; first&nbsp;&nbsp; pre-operatively&nbsp;&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; then during&nbsp;&nbsp; post-operative&nbsp; check&nbsp; up assessment.&nbsp; Following&nbsp; the&nbsp; example&nbsp; of many&nbsp; websites&nbsp; or&nbsp; eminent&nbsp; orthopaedic organisations (http://www.orthopaedicscore.com/),&nbsp;&nbsp; an online&nbsp;&nbsp; survey&nbsp;&nbsp; was&nbsp;&nbsp; made&nbsp;&nbsp; on&nbsp;&nbsp; Google Drive,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; where&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; data&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; was&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; collected electronically&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; scales&nbsp; used.&nbsp; The results were then transferred to Excel for each&nbsp; scale,&nbsp; to&nbsp; be&nbsp; further&nbsp; processed&nbsp; by using&nbsp;&nbsp; adequate&nbsp;&nbsp; statistic&nbsp;&nbsp; tools&nbsp;&nbsp; in&nbsp;&nbsp; an adequate&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; programme.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; results indicated&nbsp; that,&nbsp; when&nbsp; compared&nbsp; with&nbsp; the uninjured&nbsp; leg,&nbsp; a&nbsp; resulting&nbsp; disparity&nbsp; in precision&nbsp; of&nbsp; positioning&nbsp; the&nbsp; lower&nbsp; leg with&nbsp; a&nbsp; damaged&nbsp; ligament&nbsp; apparatus&nbsp; of the&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; knee&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; before&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; surgical reconstruction&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; anterior&nbsp; cruciate ligament&nbsp; was&nbsp; not&nbsp; considered&nbsp; statistically significant.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; However,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; there&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; was&nbsp; a statistically&nbsp; significant&nbsp; difference&nbsp; in&nbsp; the speed&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; attaining&nbsp;&nbsp; a&nbsp;&nbsp; specified&nbsp;&nbsp; angle which indicates qualitative differences in the&nbsp; motion&nbsp; pattern&nbsp; itself.&nbsp; Furthermore, this&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sample&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; study&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; resulted&nbsp;&nbsp; in&nbsp; a statistically&nbsp; significant&nbsp; difference&nbsp; in&nbsp; the precision&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; positioning&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; lower leg&nbsp; with&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; damaged&nbsp;&nbsp; knee&nbsp; ligament apparatus&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; after&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; surgical reconstruction&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; anterior&nbsp; cruciate ligament,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; when&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; compared&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; with&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the uninjured&nbsp; leg,&nbsp; i.e.&nbsp; after&nbsp;&nbsp; the reconstruction,&nbsp; the&nbsp; patients&nbsp;&nbsp; had&nbsp;&nbsp; a significantly&nbsp;&nbsp; higher&nbsp;&nbsp; degree&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; flexion than&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; targeted&nbsp;&nbsp; 35&deg;.&nbsp;&nbsp; The&nbsp;&nbsp; test&nbsp;&nbsp; for positioning&nbsp; extremities,&nbsp; performed&nbsp; with the&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; specially&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; constructed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; apparatus, proved&nbsp; to&nbsp; be&nbsp; a&nbsp; sensitive&nbsp; and&nbsp; specific diagnostic procedure for determining the loss&nbsp; of&nbsp; proprioceptic&nbsp; ability&nbsp; due&nbsp; to anterior cruciate ligament tear.</p>

"The problem of this study is to determine the growth of sports activities for women in the North Texas State Teachers College, Denton, Texas from 1908 to 1938"--1.

Title: Changes in physical performance of Children at Athletic Preparatory Objectives: Aim of this paper is the diagnosis of physical and technical readiness of young children that are regularly preparing in an athletic course as a preparation for joining ASK Slavia Praha and their readiness for the next step of basic training. Methods: observation, videoanalysis, motor tests Results: During diagnostics of physical readiness via repeated use of a battery of motor tests (60m run, long jump, ball throw, 600m run) it was proven that majority of subjects showed a steady increase in performance. Only with technical activities (long jump, ball throw) there was sometimes a decrease in the results of some children. Also, in these activities the differences among results of subjects started to increase. More talented children increased their results by much more than the less handy. On the contrary, the differences among children in 600m run decreased over time. Key words: Athletic preparation, physical preparation, technical preparation, training, skills, children, athletics, coach, physical development, image sequence from video

1 Abstract Title Ankle sprain, conservative versus operational treatment: A literature review Aim The main purpose of this thesis is to assess and review the efficacy of main types of conservative and surgical interventions applied on ankle sprain injuries, as also the factors that influence the clinical outcomes in patients undergoing the selected treatment procedures. Method This thesis is a literary research, reviewing articles from relevant journals and books. Information and data sources were retrieved from English, released between 1980 and 2016, using electronic databases and reference lists of articles. The following databases were searched for the highest possible amount of relevant articles, with an attempt to reduce publication and/or selection bias: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), Web of science and Medline. Preliminary searches began at the inception of the project, and the full search was concluded in October 10th , 2016. A restriction for the type of publication (meta-analysis, systematic review, clinical trials, comparative trials, practice guidelines and case studies) was applied when allowed by the databases research tools. Results The analysis of the reviewed studies resulted that conservative treatment approaches is the main...

A prevalência de sintomas de asma, broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício (BIE), hiperresponsividade brônquica (HRB) e alergia em atletas que praticam modalidades de alto rendimento e longa duração tem aumentado nas últimas décadas e tem sido estudada principalmente em atletas de inverno e nadadores. No entanto, a prevalência de sintomas de asma e alergia e os mecanismos inflamatórios envolvidos no BIE que ocorre em corredores de longa distância permanecem pouco conhecidos. Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de sintomas de asma e alergia em corredores de longa distância de elite e investigar os mecanismos inflamatórios envolvidos no BIE nos atletas sem histórico de asma. Casuística e Métodos: Este estudo foi realizado em duas fases: na Fase I, foi avaliada a prevalência de sintomas de asma e alergia em 201 corredores de longa distância, através da aplicação dos questionários ISAAC e AQUA©. Na Fase II, foram avaliados os mecanismos inflamatórios envolvidos no BIE de 40 corredores que não apresentaram sintomas de asma na Fase I e que foram selecionados aleatoriamente. Nesta fase, os atletas compareceram ao laboratório em três momentos, com intervalo máximo de duas semanas entre cada visita, e foram submetidos às seguintes avaliações 1º) escarro induzido e teste cardiopulmonar máximo, 2º) broncoprovocação por metacolina e, 3º) óxido nítrico no ar exalado (FeNO), metabólitos LTE4 e 9alfa, 11beta-PGF2 e teste de hiperventilação eucápnica voluntária (HEV). Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas de asma e alergia foi de 6,5% e 60,5%, respectivamente. Ao analisar as questões do AQUA©, observou-se alta frequência de sintomas de BIE (62,3%) e rinite (56,6%). Os sintomas de alergia não foram associados a variáveis como gênero, idade, experiência em corridas de longa distância, volume de treinamento semanal e desempenho em provas de meia maratona e maratona. Verificou-se ainda que a prevalência de BIE foi de 27,5%. Quando comparados os atletas BIE+ e BIE- não foram observadas diferenças nos valores de VEF1 absoluto, nas medidas antropométricas, nas características de treinamento e também no desempenho. Os atletas BIE+ relataram mais sintomas de alergia (p=0,03), se mostraram mais responsivos à metacolina (p=0,01), apresentaram maior porcentagem de eosinófilos no escarro (p=0,03) e níveis mais elevados de FeNO (p < 0,001*) quando comparados aos atletas BIE-. Os níveis urinários de LTE4 e 9alfa, 11beta-PGF2 basais e após 60 minutos do teste de HEV foram similares entre os grupos BIE+ e BIE-, no entanto, ao comparar os níveis destes mediadores antes e após o teste de HEV, observou-se uma diminuição nos níveis de LTE4, apenas nos atletas BIE- (p=0,04). Conclusões: Corredores de longa distância apresentam elevada prevalência de sintomas de alergia e BIE e baixa prevalência de sintomas de asma. Além disto, os atletas BIE+ referem mais sintomas de alergia, são mais hiperresponsivos à metacolina, apresentam um padrão inflamatório eosinofílico e elevados níveis de FeNO embora sem diferenças nos níveis basais dos metabólitos do mastócito / An increased prevalence of asthma and allergic symptoms, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) has been observed in elite and endurance athletes, especially winter sports athletes and swimmers. However, the occurrence of allergy symptoms and the inflammatory mechanisms involved in the EIB that occurs in long distance runners remains poorly known. Objectives: the aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and allergy in long distance runners and to investigate possible inflammatory mediators involved in the EIB that occurs in those without asthma history. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed in two phases. In Phase I, the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and allergy was assessed in 201 long distance runners using ISAAC and AQUA© questionnaires. In Phase II, 40 athletes were randomly selected among those who did not present asthma history and they performed the following measurements: induced sputum, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, methacholine bronchoprovocation challenge, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), urinary collection to quantify LTE4 and 9alfa, 11beta-PGF2 metabolites and eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation test (EVH). Results: The prevalence of asthma and allergy symptoms was 6.5% and 60.5%, respectively. In addition, we observed a high frequency of EIB symptoms (62.3%) and rhinitis (56.6%). Allergy symptoms were not associated with anthropometric characteristics, running experience, weekly training volume and best half-marathon and marathon performance. The prevalence of EIB was 27.5% and no difference in baseline lung function, anthropometric data as well as training and performance characteristics was observed between athletes with (EIB+) and without (EIB-) EIB. EIB+ athletes reported more allergy symptoms (p=0.03) and were more resposive to methacholine (p=0.01) than EIB- athletes. A higher percentage of eosinophils in the induced sputum (p=0.03) and levels of FeNO (p < 0.001*) were observed in EIB+ athletes. However, there was no difference in the urinary levels of LTE4 and 9alfa, 11beta-PGF2 either at baseline or after EVH test. Conclusions: Long distance runners have a high prevalence of allergy symptoms and EIB and a low prevalence of asthma symptoms. Moreover, EIB+ athletes report more symptoms of allergy and present airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic inflammation and increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide, without difference in the baseline levels of mast cell metabolites

Title: Diagnosis of selected competencies of track and field coach of youth Objectives: The main aim of the thesis is to diagnose selected competences of a coach of youth athletics and to verify the hypothesis about the connection between performance and the aspiration of coaches. Methods: The thesis used qualitative methods of research and psychological testing. The qualitative methods used were testing, observation and research. Psychological testing was in the form of TATSO test. Finally, the statistical method F-test was used Results: The results of the work will be a useful source of information for the Czech Athletic Association in the development of curricula for trainers and will also be an indicator for athletic clubs, which organize youth trainers. Keywords: Athletics, coach of youth, coach competencies, TATSO test, F-test, ČAS, Czech Athletic Association, aspiration, level of aspiration

<p>The objectives of this study concerning Swedish players’ transition from junior to senior football were to examine: (1) transition, perceived health, and athletic identity variables, as well as the relationship between them; (2) how transition, perceived health, and athletic identity variables contribute to: (a) healthy sport participation; (b) unhealthy sport participation; (c) quality of adjustment on the senior level of football; (d) life satisfaction. The theoretical frameworks included: the developmental model on transitions faced by athletes; the career transition model; the perceived health and sport/exercise participation model; the circle of health model. The participants (n = 126) were Swedish adolescent football players at local, national or international competitive levels. Three instruments were used in regard of the quantitative approach: the Transition Monitoring Survey; the Perceived Health and Sport Participation Profile; the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale. The transition variables were examined and several relationships were discovered between transition and perceived health variables, and athletic identity. Four multiple regression analyses showed that satisfaction with different spheres of life and coping strategies are significant positive predictors of healthy sport participation. Athletic identity, personal resources, and environmental pressure are significant positive predictors of unhealthy sport participation. In addition, environmental support was revealed to be a significant negative predictor of unhealthy sport participation. Importance of different aspects of sport and satisfaction with sport participation are significant positive predictors of the quality of adjustment on the senior level of sports, whereas importance of different spheres of life and athletic identity are significant negative predictors. Importance of different spheres of life and healthy sport participation are significant positive predictors of life satisfaction. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research.</p> / <p>Syftena med föreliggande studie angående svenska spelares övergång från junior till seniorfotboll var att undersöka: (1) övergångs-, upplevd hälsa- och idrottsidentitetsvariabler, såväl som förhållandet mellan dem; (2) hur övergångs-, upplevd hälsa- och idrottsidentitetsvariabler bidrar till: (a) ett hälsosamt idrottsdeltagande; (b) ett ohälsosamt idrottsdeltagande; (c) idrottarnas anpassning till seniornivån i fotboll; (d) livstillfredsställelse. De teoretiska referensramarna inkluderade: the developmental model on transitions faced by athletes; the career transition model; the perceived health and sport/exercise participation model; the circle of health model. Deltagarna (n = 126) bestod av svenska ungdomsfotbollsspelare på lokal, nationell och internationell tävlingsnivå. Tre mätinstrument användes med tanke på den kvantitativa utgångspunkten: Enkäten Karriärövergången från Junior till Senioridrott; Upplevd Hälsa & Idrottsdeltagande Profil; Athletic Identity Measurement Scale. Övergångsvariablerna undersöktes och flera samband upptäcktes mellan övergångs- och upplevd hälsavariabler och idrottsidentitet. Fyra multipla regressionsanalyser visade att tillfredsställelse med olika delar av livet och copingstrategier är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till ett hälsosamt idrottsdeltagande. Idrottsidentitet, personlighetsfaktorer och tidigare erfarenheter, samt press från omgivningen är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till ett ohälsosamt idrottsdeltagande. Dessutom så upptäcktes support från omgivningen att vara en negativt signifikant faktor som bidrar till ett ohälsosamt idrottsdeltagande. Hur viktiga olika delar av idrotten är och tillfredsställelsen med idrottsdeltagandet är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till idrottarens anpassning till seniornivån, då däremot hur viktiga olika delar av livet är och idrottsidentiteten är negativt signifikanta faktorer. Hur viktiga olika delar av livet är och ett hälsosamt idrottsdeltagande är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till livstillfredsställelse. Resultaten diskuteras i förhållande till de teoretiska referensramarna och tidigare forskning.</p>

<p><strong>Purpose</strong>: Examine if there is a connection between the athletic performance and the financial status in football clubs.</p><p><strong>Theoretical perspectives</strong>: This thesis is based on the theory that the modern football club is like every other company trying to maximize profit. The clubs should therefore use the same business strategies.</p><p><strong>Empirical foundation</strong>: The study is based on 25 observations over five years and five Allsvenska football clubs. The data is a compilation of the key ratios from the annual reports and the league table, years 2004 through 2008 in the clubs. Year 2009’s league table place is also included since tests have been done with one year’s displacement between the financial status and the league table.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:</p><ul><li>There is no correlation between solidity and the place in the league table in Allsvenska football clubs.</li><li>There is no correlation between net profit and the place in the league table in Allsvenska football clubs.</li><li>There is no correlation between equity and the place in the league table in Allsvenska football clubs.</li></ul>

Die intensive Auswertung unterschiedlicher schriftlicher und mündlicher Quellen sowie die Erschließung von damals "geheimer" Literatur für die Forschung heute ermöglicht eine differenzierte Rekonstruktion historischer Abläufe. Die vorliegende Arbeit nutzt diesen Zugang zur Darstellung von kleineren und größeren DDR-internen sportpolitischen Strukturwandlungen der 1960er und 1970er Jahre, die ihren Höhepunkt in einer dramatischen Umsteuerung des DDR-Hochleistungssports fanden.<br /> Es wird gezeigt, wie die Akteure unter Führung von Manfred EWALD, gewähltem Mitglied des SED-Zentralkomitees, einer Zentralfigur des DDR-Sports (vergleichbar mit der Bedeutung eines Willi DAUME im Westen) zwischen Systemzwängen und individueller Handlungsfreiheit innerhalb des Rahmens einer Diktatur in der Phase des Wechsels von Walter ULBRICHT zu Erich HONECKER eine Effektivierung des zentralistischen Modells durchsetzten (eine Parallele zum Ansatz von Monika KAISER).<br /> Im Gegensatz zu vielen kontroversen Erklärungsmodellen belegt der Verf., dass die Medaillenerfolge durch die zentrale Steuerung aller Abläufe gewährleistet wurden. Ohne SED-Auftrag wurde 1967 die "Leistungssportkommission der DDR" (LSK der DDR) gebildet. <br /> Im Unterschied zu den zahlreichen vom Verf. erstmals dargestellten Vorgängermodellen war diese SED-LSK "oberhalb des DTSB" angesiedelt und erteilte ihm Parteiaufträge - die Unterordnung des organisierten Sports unter die Autorität des Zentralkomitee machte angesichts der "Nationalen Fronten" von Armeesportvereinigung "Vorwärts" und Sportvereinigung "Dynamo" (SPITZER) jegliche zentrale Sportpolitik erst durchsetzbar.<br /> Zur "LSK der DDR" waren SED-Mitglieder abgeordnet, welche ihr Sachgebiet vertraten und nach gemeinsamer Beschlussfassung die Ergebnisse der LSK-Arbeit wiederum in ihrem jeweiligen Tätigkeitsfeld durchzusetzen hatten, was in der Diss. ausgeführt wird. Sportvertreter ebenso wie hochrangige Abgesandte der Ministerien, die mit der Produktion von Gütern für den Hochleistungssport befasst waren, gehörten den LSK-Gremien an, die auch die DDR-Sportwissenschaft steuerten; es lässt sich sogar nachweisen, dass die Herrschaft über diesen wichtigen Apparat sowie die Dopingforschung ein Hauptmotiv der LSK-Bildung gewesen ist.<br /> <br /> Durch seine Quellenorientierung und die Fülle an Belegen gibt die vorliegende Arbeit neue Anreize zur Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen der Steuerung des Hochleistungssports in der DDR - auch über den Untersuchungszeitraum hinaus. <br /> Die Untersuchung wurde von der Humanwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Potsdam als Dissertation angenommen. Sie geht auf ein Stipendium dieser Universität zurück; das Verfahren konnte mit einem Prädikat abgeschlossen werden. Gutachter waren Prof. Dr. Dr. Gertrud PFISTER, Kopenhagen, Prof. Dr. Christoph KLEßMANN, Potsdam, und der Betreuer, Steady Visiting Prof. Univ. Odense, Priv.-Doz. Dr. habil. Giselher SPITZER, Berlin / Potsdam / Odense (Dänemark). / The guaranteed provision of material support for the athletes used to be a precondition for success in sports: 'Competitive sports under the conditions of the GDR' - thus the source material on this early model of professional sports. The author reveals both illegal (according to the IOC regulations) payments and a new drive towards success-oriented payments at least for the coaches. The latter trend was already the result of a dramatic change in competitive sports in the GDR. Today, a thorough analysis of contemporary documents, oral testimony, and formerly classified literature allows a more nuanced reconstruction of the historical events and processes. This work shows how the organisers of GDR sports, led by Manfred EWALD (EWALD was an elected member of the SED Central Committee and a central figure in the GDR sports scene. He might be characterised as the opposite number of Willi DAUME in the FRG.) succeeded with establishing a more efficient centralistic model (here, there is a parallel with Monika KAISER's approach). Despite the constraints of the system, they brought about his change at a time of political transition from Walter ULBRICHT to Erich HONECKER. <br /> In contrast to many other, controversial interpretations, the author argues that the athletic successes originated in the central organisation of GDR sports. In 1967, the 'Competitive Sports Commission of the GDR' (LSK) was established without explicit orders from the SED. In contrast to numerous older models, which the author has discovered, this new model was positioned 'above the DTSB' and gave party orders to the DTSB - the subordination of organised sports to the authority of the Central Committee allowed the implementation of a central sports policy. Given the 'National Fronts' of the Army Sports Club Vorwärts and the Sports Club Dynamo (SPITZER), this was an especially difficult task. The LSK was composed of members of the SED. After reaching an agreement on certain issues, every member had to implement the agreed policy in his or her specific field of activity, as this dissertation shows. The LSK subcommittees consisted of representatives of the sports as well as high-ranking representatives of those ministries which supervised the production of goods needed in competitive sports. It can be demonstrated, that control over this important body as well as the doping research was an important factor in the establishment of the LSK. <br /> <br /> The work on 'Changes in the control of competitive sports in the GDR in the 1960s and 1970s', brought the awarded degree of Doctor of Philosophy with distinction by the faculty of arts of the University of Potsdam to the author. The research was sponsored by the University of Potsdam. The degree committee consisted of Professor Gertrud PFISTER (Kopenhagen), Professor Christoph KLEßMANN (Potsdam), and the dissertation supervisor, Privatdozent Dr Giselher SPITZER (Berlin, Potsdam, Odense (Denmark)).