Although Samuel Beckett's plays indicate his abiding interest in the complex functioning of memory, little has been written on the topic. The aim of this study, therefore, is to examine the wide-ranging, specific approaches towards recall and forgetting that he reflects in his drama. Because conversational strategies are grounded in cognitive processes, the interplay between memory and discourse will also be probed. The thesis foregrounds Beckett's profound distrust of memory functioning, as well as his conviction that `yesterday' has dangerous power to `deform'. Through his own perception and his psychological study of dysfunctional, decaying and trauma-charged memories, he is able to apply a comprehensive knowledge-base to the creation of his time-damaged characters. In the scrutiny of their autobiographical memories, the reconstructive and imaginative components become apparent. These are mainly shown to alienate characters from one another, so that Beckett's claim that memory can remedy suffering becomes questionable. The investigation is informed by a variety of critical disciplines, as well as insights derived from the Proust Monograph. Beckett's investigation of the psychology of the 1930s is evaluated, in addition to current medical and psychological research into gerontology, amnesia, dementia, and the repressed or obsessive memories of the neurotic. Conway's work on the characteristic features of autobiographical memory illuminates relevant Beckett plays. An appraisal of discourse studies focuses on language and power, phatic communication and the multiple speech acts that reflect the functioning of normal and dysfunctional memory. Reference to the work of Lacan and Derrida enhances discussion of the inadequacy of language. To give due attention to the theatrical component of Beckett's drama, enactment, performance criticism and audience reception of his plays are discussed. / English Studies / D.Litt. et Phil.

VALE NETO, Isac Ferreira do. Batalhas da memória: A escrita militante de Rodolfo Teófilo. 2006. 217f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em História, Fortaleza (CE), 2006. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-10T13:12:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-DIS-IFVNETO.pdf: 1234719 bytes, checksum: d65969487989d00de87c6469cf7788f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-10T14:24:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-DIS-IFVNETO.pdf: 1234719 bytes, checksum: d65969487989d00de87c6469cf7788f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-10T14:24:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-DIS-IFVNETO.pdf: 1234719 bytes, checksum: d65969487989d00de87c6469cf7788f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Esta pesquisa tratou de interpretar as relações historicamente constituídas entre o farmacêutico, letrado e benemérito cearense Rodolfo Teófilo (1853-1932) e sua produção escrita. Acompanhando a historicidade da biografia de Rodolfo Teófilo busquei compreender como ele se utilizou de seus livros como lugar de memória para defender sua posição de intelectual e benemérito diante de seus contemporâneos e especialmente perante a posteridade. Ao interpretar suas obras busquei ainda analisar suas concepções sobre o fazer historiográfico, bem como as características autobiográficas presentes em seus livros.

Previous research has shown that individuals who are inconsistently handed (IH) outperform consistently handed (IH) individuals on episodic and spatial memory tasks as well as many others. This current study examines whether handedness is related to a person’s ability to recall autobiographical memories (AM) - episodic memories about oneself. Participants were first asked to recall seven memories that will be cued by seven cue words: earth, friend, dream, power, love, trouble, and opinion. They later expanded on those memories to include more detail, then self-rated how well they were able to remember them on five aspects of AM (spatial layout, content, reliving, vividness, and belief) using a modified version of the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (AMQ). Ninety-seven participants (44.3% female, Age: 19 to 69 years) were included in the data analysis. All ninety-seven were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk system and were financially compensated for their time. Results showed no main effect of handedness on AM in regards to all five AM aspects tested, meaning IH’s did not outperform CH’s in regards to autobiographical memory recall.

The aim of the present paper is to study the role that lived and historical memories havein the conformation of collective memory through the participant’s appraisals in the recent past of Argentina. These memories operate as sources that nurture collective memory. Lived memories are related to live experiences, while historical memories are related to indirect sources that inform about the past. 60 participants, divided in two groups (above and below 46 years of age) appraised the present and recent past, based on lived and historical memories. Results show that lived or autobiographical and historical memories contribute differently to collective memory. / Se estudia el rol que desempeñan los recuerdos vividos e históricos en la memoria colectiva por medio de la valoración del pasado reciente argentino. Estos recuerdos operan como fuentes que nutren a la memoria colectiva. Los recuerdos vividos están vinculados a la experiencia directa, mientras que los recuerdos históricos a las fuentes indirectas que informan sobre el pasado. 60 participantes, divididos en dos grupos (mayores y menores de 46 años), realizaron valoraciones sobre el presente y el pasado reciente, en base a recuerdos vividos y en recuerdos históricos. Los resultados muestran que los recuerdos vividos o autobiográficos tienen una incidencia distinta en las valoraciones que los recuerdos históricos.

Autobiographical memory retrieval implies different phenomenological features. Given the lack of previous work in Hispanic-speaking populations, 34 in depth interview were carried out in individuals with and without Major Depressive Disorder in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Phenomenological components during the evocation of autobiographical memories were explored. Data was qualitatively analyzed using Grounded Theory. During the descriptive analyses, seven phenomenological categories were detected as emerging from the discourse. The axial and selective analyses revealed two main discursive axles areas; rhetoric-propo­ sitional and specificity- generalized. The impact on affective regulation processes, derived from the assumption of an amodal or multimodal style of processing autobiographical infor­ mation, merits further attention. / La evocación de recuerdos autobiográficos se caracteriza por presentar distintos compo­ nentes fenomenológicos. Dada la ausencia de trabajos previos realizados en poblaciones hispanoparlantes, se realizaron 34 entrevistas en profundidad a individuos con y sin tras­ torno depresivo mayor de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Fueron explorados los componentes fenomenológicos presentes en la evocación de recuerdos autobiográficos significativos. Los datos fueron analizados cualitativamente por medio de la Teoría Fun­ damentada en los Hechos. Durante el análisis descriptivo, se detectaron siete categorías fenomenológicas emergentes del discurso. Del análisis axial y selectivo fueron identificados dos ejes discursivos: retórico-proposicional y especificidad-generalidad. Las implicancias, en la regulación afectiva, derivadas de la asunción de un estilo amodal o multimodal de proce­ samiento de información autobiográfica merecen mayor atención. / A evocação de memórias autobiográficas é caracterizada por diferentes componentes feno­ menológicos. Dada a falta de trabalhos prévios sobre o tema em populações de língua espanhola, 34 entrevistas em profundidade foram conduzidas em indivíduos com e sem transtorno depressivo maior na cidade de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Foram explorados os componentes fenomenológicos presentes na evocação de memórias autobiográficas signi­ ficativas. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente através da Teoria Fundamentada. Durante a análise descritiva, foram detectadas sete categorias fenomenológicas emer­ gentes no discurso. Dos analises axial e seletivo foram identificados dois eixos discursivos: retórico-proposicional e especificidade-generalidade. As implicações, na regulação afetiva, decorrentes da assunção de um estilo amodal ou um estilo multimodal no processamento de informações autobiográficas merecem mais atenção.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

L’objectif de nos travaux de thèse était de mieux comprendre les troubles de l’identité dans la schizophrénie, et en particulier les perturbations du sentiment de continuité de soi dans le temps. Dans ce but, nos recherches ont consisté en une analyse exhaustive de la cohérence narrative de récits de vie recueillis auprès de patients schizophrènes stabilisés. Nos résultats mettent en évidence un défaut de raisonnement autobiographique au sein des récits de patients accompagné de perturbations de la cohérence temporelle. Ces altérations sont liées aux déficits exécutifs des patients d’une part et à la diminution de leur sentiment subjectif de cohérence personnelle d’autre part. Nos résultats vont dans le sens d’une dysconnexion entre le self et la mémoire autobiographique dans la schizophrénie conduisant à une perturbation du sentiment de continuité de soi dans le temps. Nous concluons notre travail en développant des applications cliniques et thérapeutiques en vue d’aider les patients à recréer un récit cohérent de leur vie et tenter de renforcer leur sentiment de continuité de soi. / The purpose of this project was to better understand disorders of the self in schizophrenia, and more particularly impairments of the sense of self-continuity observed in these patients. In order to do so, we deeply investigated narrative coherence of stabilized patients’ life stories. Our analyses showed a lack of autobiographical reasoning within patients’ narratives and a decreased of temporal coherence. Those impairments were related to patients’ executive dysfunction and to their subjective feeling of less coherent life. Our results suggest a disconnection between the self and autobiographical memory in schizophrenia leading to an impoverishment of the sense of self-continuity across time in those patients. To go further, clinical and therapeutic applications could ensue from our work. Indeed, it would be possible to help patients creating new and more coherent life stories through psychotherapy and by this way help them to retrieve a sense of self-continuity.

The diploma thesis "Autobiographical Memory in Suicide Attempters" deals with recall of specific autobiographical memories in suicide attempters. The theoretical part of the thesis defines basic concepts associated with autobiographical memory, presents its structure, role throughout the life-span, and describes relation of autobiographical memory to emotions, depression and self. The second part of the thesis presents basic concepts of suicidal behaviour, describes selected theoretical approaches and models of development of suicidal behaviour, methods and consequences, assessment and prevention of suicidal behaviour, and presents most common myths about suicide. The empirical part verifies ability to recall specific autobiographical memory, latency in recall of autobiographical memories, and tendency for overgeneral autobiographical memories. The empirical part employs Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI - II), Suicide Behavior Questionnaire - Revised (SBQ-R) and The Stress Coping Style Questionnaire (SVF 78). The research sample consists of 40 participants (20 suicide attempters, 20 non-suicidal persons). The results indicate that suicide attempters show higher latency in producing specific autobiographical memories, produce fewer specific memories, and show lower...

Le traumatisme psychique définit le choc émotionnel d'un individu à la suite à d'un évènement traumatique. Dans certains cas, la symptomatologie psychotraumatique s'installe et perdure entrainant l'apparition d'un Trouble de Stress Post Traumatique. La littérature décrit amplement les désordres mnésiques qui accompagnent la maladie et notamment l'altération de la mémoire autobiographique. Ce système de mémoire complexe renferme l'histoire de notre passé sur laquelle s'appuie notre individualité présente et nos aspirations futures. Cependant, l'origine du dysfonctionnement de la mémoire autobiographique reste confuse, cette altération pourrait être un facteur prémorbide, la conséquence de l'exposition traumatique ou celle de la maladie. Les recherches restent incertaines sur les relations existantes entre le dysfonctionnement de la mémoire autobiographique et le traumatisme psychique. Tout au long de ce travail, nous caractériserons le fonctionnement de la mémoire autobiographique dans le contexte d'un traumatisme psychique. Les deux premières études permettront d'analyser la mémoire autobiographique suite à une exposition traumatique unique et suite à des expositions répétées. La dernière étude nous éclairera sur le fonctionnement de la mémoire autobiographique chez des sujets en rémission partielle d'un trouble de stress post traumatique. / Psychological trauma defines the emotional shock experienced by an individual following a traumatic event. In some cases, the psychotraumatic symptomatology develops and persists, leading to the onset of posttraumatic stress disorder. The literature has widely described the memory impairment associated with the disease, especially dysfunction of autobiographical memory. This complex memory system contains the story of our past, on which our present identity and future aspirations are based. However, it remains unclear whether this deficit is due to premorbid autobiographical memory dysfunction, to the trauma exposure itself, or to the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Research has not yet clarified the relationship between autobiographical memory dysfunction and psychological trauma. Throughout this work, we will define autobiographical memory function in the context of psychological trauma. The first two studies will analyze autobiographical memory function following a single traumatic exposure and following repeated exposures. The final study will shed light on how autobiographical memory functions among participants with posttraumatic stress disorder in partial remission.

L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les processus impliqués dans la localisation temporelle des événements personnels futurs chez les sujets sains et les patients atteints de schizophrénie. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé la méthode de réflexion à voix haute dans trois études expérimentales pour analyser les stratégies utilisées pour déterminer la localisation temporelle des événements autobiographiques. Dans l’Etude 1, nous avons constaté que les participants utilisaient principalement des processus de reconstruction/d’inférence pour dater les événements. Ils s’appuyaient le plus souvent sur des connaissances autobiographiques (c.-à-d., des périodes de vie/événements étendus) et des connaissances générales pour reconstruire ou inférer le moment des événements, à la fois pour les événements passés et futurs. Dans l'Etude 2, nous avons constaté que les buts personnels influençaient le processus de localisation temporelle en augmentant l'accès direct à la date des événements futurs importants et en favorisant l'utilisation de connaissances autobiographiques pour inférer le moment des événements lorsque les dates ne sont pas directement accessibles. Dans l’Etude 3, nous avons constaté que les patients atteints de schizophrénie avaient des difficultés à s’appuyer sur des informations épisodiques pour reconstruire ou inférer la date des événements personnels, et qu’ils commettaient davantage d’erreurs que les participants témoins lorsqu’on leur demandait de classer dans l’ordre chronologique les événements précédemment datés. Sur la base de ces nouvelles découvertes, nous proposons un modèle à double processus pour la localisation temporelle des événements autobiographiques qui articule les mécanismes cognitifs engagés dans la datation des événements passés et futurs. / The aim of this thesis was to investigate the processes involved in the temporal location of personal future events in healthy individuals and in patients with schizophrenia. To do so, we used a think-aloud procedure in three experimental studies to analyse the strategies used to determine the times of autobiographical events. In Study 1, we found that participants mostly used reconstructive/inferential processes to date events. They relied most frequently on autobiographical knowledge (i.e., lifetime periods/extended events) and general knowledge to reconstruct or infer the times of events, both for past and future events. In Study 2, we found that personal goals influenced the temporal location process by increasing the direct access to the times of important future events, and by favouring the use of autobiographical knowledge to infer the times of events when dates are not directly accessible. In Study 3, we found that patients with schizophrenia had difficulties to rely on episodic information to reconstruct or infer the times of personal events, and made more errors when they were asked to temporally order the previously dated events. Based on these novel findings, we propose a dual-process model of the temporal location of autobiographical events that articulates the cognitive mechanisms engaged in the dating of past and future events