<p>A prefabricated timber frame house previously built by Villafabriken AB has been modeled in Autodesk Revit Architectural, a 3D-program based on BIM-technology. This has been done tosee if it’s possible to produce the publications that Villafabriken demands from the designengineer’s work, and examine which possible extra values that may arise compared to traditional 2D-CAD drawing.BIM is short for Building Information Modeling. Everything is stored in a single database and a change in the project file is automatically updated across the project. BIM provides more than just drawings since information from the model can be retrieved in various ways such as lists and quantity schedules.It was possible to produce the publications that Villafabriken demanded using Revit, but BIM doesn’t only mean a new way of drawing, it also require a change in the company’s process were the information from the model is being used.</p>

This thesis has examined the Tekla Structures modeling software and answered the question of whether it could act as a suitable modeling program for the design department at Bjerking AB in Uppsala. The method used in this work is a case study of a previous project with existing basis to work form. The demarcation of the study was to examine only the usability of the foundations of in situ concrete.  The work examined three main areas within the design process. The first was to model the concrete elements then to model the reinforcing and ultimately production of the drawings. Because Autodesk Revit was the existing modeling program in the Department conducted the evaluation as a comparison between the two programs. The condition was that all three main parts would be made in the same program.  The results showed that Tekla Structures has great potential in the field of concrete modeling, and that it is a suitable modeling program to use for projects thats include foundations in situ concrete. The study has also shown the programs benefits to model reinforcement in 3D in these types of projects. / Detta examensarbete har granskat modelleringsprogrammet Tekla Structures och besvarat frågan om huruvida det kan fungera som ett lämpligt modelleringsprogram för konstruktionsavdelningen på Bjerking AB i Uppsala. Metoden som har använts i arbetet är en fallstudie av ett tidigare genomfört projekt med befintliga underlag att utgå ifrån. Avgränsningen i studien har varit att endast undersöka användbarheten i grundkonstruktioner av platsgjuten betong. Arbetet undersökte tre huvudområden inom projekteringsprocessen. Det första var att modellera betongelement sedan att modellera armering och till sist framtagning av ritningar. Eftersom Autodesk Revit var det befintliga modelleringsprogrammet på avdelningen genomfördes utvärderingen som en jämförelse mellan de två olika programmen. Förutsättningen var att alla tre hvududelarna skulle göras i ett och samma program.  Resultatet visade att Tekla Structures har stor potential inom området betongmodellering, och det är ett lämlpligt modelleringsprogram att använda för projekt som innefattar grundkonstruktioner i platsgjuten betong. Studien har även visat programmets fördelar med att 3D-modellera armeringen inom dessa typer av projekt.

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En stor del av projekteringsskedet är framtagandet av bygghandlingar, främst ritningar i 2D. En modernare metod är istället att samla all information om ett byggnadsprojekt i en samordnad 3D-modell, så kallad BIM-modell. Building Information Modeling (BIM) är en välkänd projekteringsmetod som bygger på att digitala 3D-modeller innehåller tillräcklig information för att beställas och produceras i fysisk form. Modellen består av parametrar som representerar olika egenskaper och när en parameter ändras uppdateras modellen automatiskt. Parametrarna kan nås och modifieras av insticksprogram, så kallade plug-ins som utökar den ursprungliga programvarans funktionalitet med hjälp av programkod. Grafisk programmering är en modern programmeringsmetod med ett visuellt gränssnitt som underlättar för oerfarna användare. Med hjälp av grafisk programmering kan parameterstyrning av 3D-modeller effektiviseras och värdefull tid sparas. Av denna anledning har Dynamo, ett plug-in utvecklat av företaget Autodesk för Revit, studerats för att ta fram ett så kallat skript som automatiserar 3D-modelleringsprocesser i Revit kopplat till placering av armering i pålfundament. Dessutom har möjligheter till standardisering undersökts, samt för- och nackdelar med metoden. I detta examensarbete redogörs för potentialen med Dynamo och de skript som skapats genom en empirisk studie. En enklare fallstudie utfördes för att kunna åskådliggöra graden av tidsbesparing gentemot motsvarande arbete manuellt i Revit. För att komplettera armeringsskripten togs beräkningsmallar fram som, enligt fackverksmetoden och Eurokod 2, försåg skripten med korrekt indata. Resultatet av projektet visar på att Dynamo och grafisk programmering kan effektivisera armeringsplacering i pålfundament. Graden av effektivisering beror på varje enskilt fall, men fallstudien visade på ca 85–90% sparad tid. En generell slutsats pekar mot att ju mer komplicerad utformning av armering desto mer tid finns att spara. Då grafisk programmering bygger på automatisering av arbetsprocesser av upprepande karaktär finns stor potential för att standardisera projektering med hjälp av dynamoskript. Företag kan då skapa rutiner som ökar kontinuitet och kvalitet i sina projekt. Automatiseringen leder även till färre mänskliga fel och utförandet blir effektivare. Uppdragsgivaren uppmanas att vidareutveckla metoden genom att implementera tydliga rutiner vad gäller 3D-modellering med grafisk programmering, samt undersöka möjligheten med automatiserad armering i andra bärande konstruktioner. / Most of the time spent on project planning is dedicated to the development of construction documents, mainly 2D-drawings. A more modern method is to gather all information about a building project in a coordinated 3D-model, so called BIM-model. Building information modelling (BIM) is a well-known design method based on a digital 3D model having enough information to enable procurement work and actual production. The model consists of parameters that represent different properties and when a parameter is changed, the model is updated automatically. These parameters can be accessed and modified through external programs, so called plug-ins that extend the original software’s functionality using program code. Visual programming is a modern programming method which utilizes a visual interface that favours users with little or no experience. Using visual programming, parameter control can be made more efficient and save valuable time. For this reason, Dynamo (a plugin developed by the company Autodesk for Revit), has been studied to create a so-called script that automates 3D modelling processes in Revit linked to placement of reinforcement in pile caps. In addition, possibilities for standardization have been investigated, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the method. With this project, the potential of Dynamo and the scripts created through an empirical study is described, where a relatively simple case study is carried out in order to illustrate the amount of time saved through visual programming compared to corresponding work manually done in Revit. Furthermore, calculation templates were created, according to the strut and tie model and Eurocode 2, to provide the script in Dynamo with the correct inputs. The result shows that Dynamo and visual programming can make placement of reinforcement in pile caps more efficient. While the degree of efficiency is case dependent, the case study showed an overall 85-90% time saving. A general conclusion suggests that the more complicated rebar designs, the more time there is to be saved. Since visual programming is based on the automation of repetitive processes, there is great potential to standardize structural design with the help of Dynamo scripts. Companies can thus create routines that increase continuity and quality in their projects. The automation also leads to fewer human errors and a more efficient execution. The client is advised to further develop this method by implementing explicit routines regarding 3D modelling with visual programming and investigate the possibilities of automation of reinforcement design in other load-bearing structures.

В работе поднимается проблема застройщика, заключающаяся в получении им некачественной цифровой информационной модели (ЦИМ) от подрядных организаций, которые разрабатывают документацию на все стадии жизненного цикла объекта с использованием технологий информационного моделирования. Настоящее исследование проведено с целью создания правил стандартизации и классификации ЦИМ. В ходе работы были проанализированы существующие бизнес-процессы строительной компании, собраны и формализованы требования к цифровым информационным моделям, разработаны классификаторы зданий и сооружений, элементов, материалов. Результатом работы являются документ «Информационные требования Заказчика к разработке BIM-модели (Employer’s Information Requirements)», библиотека элементов ЦИМ, разработанная в соответствии с системой классификации. Также проведено обучение сотрудников застройщика по работе с классификаторами. Это позволит застройщику получать корректные информационные модели, которые можно использовать на всех стадиях жизненного цикла объекта. / The paper raises the problem of the developer, which consists in obtaining a low-quality digital information model (BIM-models) from contractors who develop documentation for all stages of the object's life cycle using information modeling technologies. This study was conducted to create rules for standardization and classification of BIM-models. During the work, the existing business processes of the construction company were analyzed, the requirements for digital information models were collected and formalized, classifiers of buildings and structures, elements, materials were developed. The result of the work is the document "Information requirements of the Customer for the development of a BIM model (Employer's Information Requirements)", a library of BIM-model elements developed in accordance with the classification system. The developer's employees were also trained to work with classifiers. This will allow the developer to obtain correct information models that can be used at all stages of the object's life cycle.

Reducing and managing the environmental impacts of building structures has become a priority of building stakeholders and within the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) community; although, conflicting approaches and methods to combat the issues are present. For example, green building standards are widespread throughout the world; however each one has its own characteristics and consequently its own specific requirements. While all have proven to be effective rating systems and have similar requirements, the distinguishing characteristic that separates them is their treatment of performance and prescriptive metrics. The feature they all severely lack or currently limit is the inclusion of strict engineering evaluation through energy simulations; hence, the reason why they fail to offer procedural steps to meet performance metrics. How can design professionals design energy efficient buildings with such constraints? Fortunately, advances in technology have allowed design professionals access to content found in Building Information Modeling (BIM). However, extracting pertinent information for specific use in energy analysis is problematic because BIM software currently available is filled with interoperability issues when placed in external software for energy analysis and energy analysis software itself is created with many assumptions that affect the tabulated energy results. This research investigates current building rating systems, determines how current professionals meet energy requirements, and prove that it is possible to create an add-on feature to Autodesk Revit that will allow design professionals to extract the needed information to meet energy goals with actual prescribed methods of mechanical systems selection and evaluation.

Examensarbetets mål var att utforma två förslag på ett musik- och konsthus för placering i Växjösjön. Konstruktionen ämnas vara flytande och mobil.Gemensamt undersökte författarna byggnadens förutsättningar och möjligheter, i syfte att underlätta utformningsprocessen. Författarna utformade var sitt förslag. Det resulterade i två förslag med skilda arkitektoniska särdrag, skapade utifrån gemensamt stipulerade avgränsningar.Det ena förslaget är utformat med hjälp av geometriska former med raka sidor. Det kontrasterar mot det andra förslaget som har organiska och mjuka former. / The purpose of this thesis was to produce two alternative architectural designs, of a building, that will house various exhibitions and activities. Mainly those will be culture related; music and arts. The building is to be located in a Swedish lake, called Växjösjön, and the structure is intended to be placed on a floating hull.Initially the authors investigated, and discussed, what possibilities and limitations that were associated with the building. The authors then, separate from one another, created one alternative design each.The first of the two designs found its inspiration in different geometrical shapes, whereas the other was more of an organic design with a smooth and flowing architecture. / De digitala ritningarna finns att tillgå från författarna på begäran.

Диссертационное исследование посвящено разработке рекомендаций для улучшения рабочего процесса проектирования инженерных сетей ОВ. В работе рассматриваются: этапы разработки цифровой модели здания, основы технологии проектирования, рекомендации по разработке систем отопления и вентиляции средствами программы Autodesk Revit и Linear, а также методика по разработке и реализация алгоритма, автоматизирующего процесс формирования документации. / The dissertation research is devoted to the development of recommendations for improving the workflow of designing engineering networks of the OB. The paper discusses: the stages of developing a digital building model, the basics of design technology, recommendations for the development of heating and ventilation systems using the Autodesk Revit and Linear programs, as well as a methodology for developing and implementing an algorithm that automates the process of generating documentation.