For all the successes of the two edifices of modern physics, quantum theory and Einstein's relativity, a fundamental description of the Universe as a whole -- a theory that informs as to the true nature of reality -- has continued to elude science. This thesis describes the development and evolution of a new paradigm called Process Physics, a radical information-theoretic modelling of reality. It is argued that the failure of the extant approaches in physics is the direct consequence of limitations stemming from the mathematization, language and methodology of theoretical physics: the limitations of the postulated background spatial concepts and geometric modelling of time, the limitations of quantum theory in its failure to account for the measurement process and classicality; and the limitations of formal systems. In contrast, Process Physics utilizes the limitations of logic first identified by Godel and asserts the priority of process and relational endophysics, realized via a stochastic, autopoietic bootstrap system whose properties emerge a posteriori rather than being assumed a priori. The work is arranged in two parts. Part I discusses the historical, philosophical, and metaphysical foundations of physics to consider how the prevailing views in modern physics arose and what this revealed and contributed to the development of Process Physics. Part II describes the fundamentals of the new theory and its implementation, and demonstrates the viability of looking outside the current paradigms by showing that Process Physics yields unified emergent phenomena that permit an understanding of fundamental processes and penultimately motivate both quantum theory and relativity as relevant higher-level descriptors within their respective domains.

Crown selected youth diversion has received little academic attention in Canada. As a process that channels offenders out of the formal legal system, diversion purports to achieve contradictory self-serving system and offender-based goals. Using 50 randomly selected prosecution files – half of which the Crown diverted and half of which the Crown prosecuted – a mixed method investigation of diversion assesses cases through quantitative content analysis and grounded theory method. Based on the quantitative analysis, it is argued that there is an emerging patterned nature of Crown selected diversion that is not completely benign. This patterned nature of diversion unearths a distinctive discourse of diversion/non-diversion. Qualitatively, it is argued that the cases are organized around three temporal moments that create an area for distinctions to be made in terms of threat, responsibility, (in)tolerableness and recourse. Seemingly, there is a persistent paradoxical existence of the diversion process that emerges from the case files.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Australia, 2006.

Non-representational cognitive science is a promising research field that provides an alternative to the view of the brain as a “computer” filled with symbolic representations of the world and cognition as “calculations” performed on those symbols. Autopoiesis is a biological, bottom-up, non-representational theory of cognition, in which representations and meaning are framed as explanatory concepts that are constituted in an observer’s description of a cognitive system, not operational concepts in the system itself. One of the problems of autopoiesis, and all non-representational theories, is that they struggle with scaling up to high-level cognitive behaviour such as language. The Iterated Learning Model is a theory of language evolution that shows that certain features of language are explained not because of something happening in the linguistic agent’s brain, but as the product of the evolution of the linguistic system itself under the pressures of learnability and expressivity. Our goal in this work is to combine an autopoietic approach with the cultural transmission chains that the ILM uses, in order to provide the first step in an autopoietic explanation of the evolution of language. In order to do that, we introduce a simple, joint action physical task in which agents are rewarded for dancing around each other in either of two directions, left or right. The agents are simulated e-pucks, with continuous-time recurrent neural networks as nervous systems. First, we adapt a biologically plausible reinforcement learning algorithm based on spike-timing dependent plasticity tagging and dopamine reward signals. We show that, using this algorithm, our agents can successfully learn the left/right dancing task and examine how learning time influences the agents’ task success rates. Following that, we link individual learning episodes in cultural transmission chains and show that an expert agent’s initial behaviour is successfully transmitted in long chains. We investigate the conditions under which these transmission chains break down, as well as the emergence of behaviour in the absence of expert agents. By using long transmission chains, we look at the boundary conditions for the re-establishment of transmitted behaviour after chain breakdowns. Bringing all the above experiments together, we discuss their significance for non-representational cognitive science and draw some interesting parallels to existing Iterated Learning research; finally, we close by putting forward a number of ideas for additions and future research directions.

RODRIGUES FILHO, Carlos Roberto. A evolução do projeto computacional para uma inteligência artificial e as novas perspectivas oferecidas pelos avanços da cognição enativa. 2012. 67 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Computação, Fortaleza-CE, 2012. / Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-06-13T15:57:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_crrodriguesfilho.pdf: 1983554 bytes, checksum: 6cf80c0830cd842e16cfc6099bae1e00 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-06-13T15:58:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_crrodriguesfilho.pdf: 1983554 bytes, checksum: 6cf80c0830cd842e16cfc6099bae1e00 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T15:58:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_crrodriguesfilho.pdf: 1983554 bytes, checksum: 6cf80c0830cd842e16cfc6099bae1e00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The development in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field brought great improvement to the resolution of computationally hard problems. However, the early goal of AI, of implementing a genuine intelligence in an artificial way, was not achieved. Therefore most of the field’s researchers changed their research’s focus to problem resolution, quitting the goal of an artificial intelligence. To keep pursuing that goal others researchers started questioning the philosophical principles of AI and they took new routes. Some of them realized that the process of intelligence is not purely mental. According to this new view the body has a fundamental role in the cognitive process. From this point of view, aiming to overcome traditional obstacles of AI, the Embodied AI emerged. It has a strong tendency to implementation in robots, to develop a better design of the body. Despite having achieved improvements over the problem of traditional AI, Embodied AI started to present its own limitations. Then came the idea that a genuinely intelligent agent must formulate its own problems from the perception of reality, constructed in terms of their sensory-motor apparatus. In other words, the genuine intelligence is linked to the agent’s autonomy. The Enactive AI appeared influenced by biological studies about autonomy. In this AI field the goal is to build an autonomous artificial agent. This paper reports the trajectory of AI since its foundation, through strand of Embodied AI, and pointing to a possible new paradigm of Enactive AI. In addition, we analyse and discuss the processes that led researchers to question the philosophical basis of IA and formulate new concepts about what intelligence is. / O desenvolvimento da área de Inteligência Artificial (IA) trouxe grandes avanços para a resolução de problemas computacionalmente difíceis. No entanto, a meta inicial da IA, de implementação de uma inteligência genuína de forma artificial, ainda não foi alcançada. Por isso, a grande maioria dos pesquisadores da área mudou o foco de suas pesquisas para resolução de problemas, em geral abandonando a meta de uma inteligência artificial. Para continuar perseguindo essa meta, outros pesquisadores passaram a questionar os princípios filosóficos da IA e tomar novos rumos. Alguns deles perceberam que o processo da inteligência não é puramente mental. De acordo com essa nova visão, o corpo tem um papel fundamental no processo cognitivo. A partir desse ponto de vista, visando superar obstáculos tradicionais da IA, surgiu a IA Corporificada. Esta tem uma forte tendência a implementação em robôs, para se desenvolver um melhor projeto sobre o corpo. Porém, apesar de ter obtido avanços em relação a problema da IA tradicional, a IA Corporificada começou a apresentar suas próprias limitações. Surgiu então a ideia de que um agente genuinamente inteligente deve formular seus próprios problemas a partir da percepção da realidade, construída em termo do seus aparato sensório-motor. Em outras palavras, a inteligência genuína está ligada à autonomia do agente. A IA Enativa surgiu influenciada por estudos biológicos a respeito da autonomia. Nessa área da IA a meta é construir um agente artificial autônomo. Este trabalho relata a trajetória da IA desde a sua fundação, passando pela vertente da IA Corporificada, e apontando um possível novo paradigma da IA Enativa. Além disso, nós Analisamos e discutimos os processos que levaram pesquisadores a questionar o embasamento filosófico da IA e a formular novos conceitos a respeito do que é inteligência.

Esta dissertação versa sobre o desejável renascimento mítico-arquetípico do parceiro pedagógico e a transformação da estrutura moderna do encontro institucional. O trabalho tem abordagem complexa, envolvendo e subordinando a Biologia, a Psicologia profunda, a Teologia e a Pedagogia umas às outras. Na Biologia de Maturana, o conceito de sistema vivo, que pode ser tanto o parceiro pedagógico quanto a Aula. Na Psicologia junguiana, o conceito de individuação, como projeto de renascimento. Na Mitologia grega arcaica, o exemplo de todas as ações nos mitos homéricos e hesiódicos, especialmente achados nos mitos do renascimento. Na Pedagogia, uma leitura de Rubem Alves, numa proposta humanística utópica, que engloba e aproxima de forma intrínseca os conteúdos biológicos, psíquicos e religiosos, que são as emergências do ser pósmoderno / This dissertation concern about the desirable mithic and archetypical rebirth of the educational partner and the transformation of the modern structure of instituituinal meeting. The work have complex aproach, is relating and subordinating to the Biology, the deep Psychology, the Theology and the Education one another. In the Maturanas biology, the concept of living system, that would be as much the educational partner as the Class. In jung psychology, the concepto ok Individuation, as the project of rebirth. In the archaic greek mithology, the example of all the actions in the homeric and hesiodic myths, attentively in the rebirth myths. In Education, a reading of Rubem Alves, in an utopian and humanistic proposal, that conglobate and move nearer in intrinsic form the biologic, psycological and religious contents, that are the surfaces of the postmodern being.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SoniaCFM_DISSERT.pdf: 1703326 bytes, checksum: 66a5c0052f2f9f3b1320236f284dec5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-29 / The present study aimed to understand and interpret the connections between the training of graduate ludopoi?tica leisure and the process of autopoiesis of leisure. From the main objective, the following objectives had been formulated specific: a) To interpret more significant the ludopoi?ticas experiences in the academic formation of graduandos of leisure; b) To analyze the experiences of the leisure most significant, disclosed for the group investigated, before, during and after the course; c) To describe and to interpret the process of autopoiese of the leisure and its respective meaning for the autoforma??o human being. The study it articulated the following metodol?gicas boardings: autobiogr ? fica, etnogr ? fica and fenomenol?gica. For the construction of the ludopoi?ticas bridges between the academic formation proposal for the course of Leisure and Quality of Life of the CEFET-RN and the autoforma??o lived deeply human being as leisure for the participants of the study, we use as categories of analysis, five properties that had constituted the respective autopoi?tico system of the leisure. Thus, for our autopoi?tica reflectivity we adopt the following categories: autotelia; autolibera??o; autoconectividade; autovalia and autofrui??o. The carried through research obtained to evidence given important of the ludopoi? tica formation of these professionals of the leisure for its autoforma ? ? o human being and the autocria??o of the proper leisure, that for recursividade feeds this autoforma??o in way permanently. Lived deeply properties of the ludopoi?tico system in the formation are searched with autonomy in the leisure. Thus, the learning of the autotelia, the autovalia, the autofrui??o and the autoconectividade lived deeply during the course of graduation in Leisure and Quality of Life is valued by the emotion of the joy and the love to the life, having become something desired by the citizens that had chosen the leisure as profession / O Presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender e interpretar as conex?es entre a forma??o ludopoi?tica de graduandos de lazer e o processo da autopoiese do lazer. A partir do objetivo principal, foram formulados os seguintes objetivos espec?ficos: a) Interpretar as viv?ncias ludopoi?ticas mais significativas na forma??o acad?mica de graduandos de lazer; b) Analisar as viv?ncias do lazer mais significativas, reveladas pelo grupo investigado, antes, durante e depois do curso; c) Descrever e interpretar o processo da autopoiese do lazer e o seu respectivo significado para a autoforma??o humana. O estudo articulou as seguintes abordagens metodol?gicas: autobiogr?fica, etnogr?fica e fenomenol?gica. Para a constru??o das pontes ludopoi?ticas entre a forma??o acad?mica proposta pelo curso de Lazer e Qualidade de Vida do CEFET-RN e a autoforma??o humana vivenciada como lazer pelos participantes do estudo, utilizamos como categorias de an?lise, cinco propriedades que constitu?ram o respectivo sistema autopoi?tico do lazer. Assim, para a nossa reflexividade autopoi?tica adotamos as seguintes categorias: autotelia; autolibera??o; autoconectividade; autovalia e autofrui??o. A pesquisa realizada conseguiu evidenciar dados importantes da forma??o ludopoi?tica desses profissionais do lazer para a sua autoforma??o humana e para a autocria ? ? o do pr?prio lazer, que por recursividade alimenta esta autoforma??o de modo permanentemente. Propriedades do sistema ludopoi?tico vivenciadas na forma??o s?o buscadas com autonomia no lazer. Assim, o aprendizado da autotelia, da autovalia, da autofrui??o e da autoconectividade vivenciado durante o curso de gradua??o em Lazer e Qualidade de Vida ? valorizado pela emo??o da alegria e do amor ? vida, tornando-se algo desejado pelos sujeitos que escolheram o lazer como profiss?o

abstract: This thesis explores the conceptual span and plausibility of emergence and its applicability to the problem of mental causation. The early parts of the project explicate a distinction between weak and strong emergence as described by Jaegwon Kim. They also consider Kim's objections regarding the conceptual incoherence of strong emergence and the otiose nature of weak emergence. The paper then explores Mark Bedau's in-between conception of emergence and ultimately finds that middle conception to be both coherent and useful. With these three emergence distinctions in hand, the thesis goes on to explore Evan Thompson's recent work - Mind in Life (2010). In that work, Thompson advances a strong emergence approach to mind, whereby he concludes the incipient stages of cognition are found at the most basic levels of life, namely - biologic cells. Along the way, Thompson embraces holism and a nonfundamental/nonhierarchical physics in order to counter Jaegwon Kim's objections to the notion of downward causation needed for strong emergence. The thesis presents arguments against Thompson's holism and nonfundamental physics, while supporting his assertion regarding the incipient stages of cognition. It then combines an important distinction between mental causation and the experience of mental causation with Thompson's notion of incipient cognition to arrive at a dual realms approach to understanding mental causation. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Philosophy 2013

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / O desenvolvimento da Ãrea de InteligÃncia Artificial (IA) trouxe grandes avanÃos para a resoluÃÃo de problemas computacionalmente difÃceis. No entanto, a meta inicial da IA, de implementaÃÃo de uma inteligÃncia genuÃna de forma artificial, ainda nÃo foi alcanÃada. Por isso, a grande maioria dos pesquisadores da Ãrea mudou o foco de suas pesquisas para resoluÃÃo de problemas, em geral abandonando a meta de uma inteligÃncia artificial. Para continuar perseguindo essa meta, outros pesquisadores passaram a questionar os princÃpios filosÃficos da IA e tomar novos rumos. Alguns deles perceberam que o processo da inteligÃncia nÃo à puramente mental. De acordo com essa nova visÃo, o corpo tem um papel fundamental no processo cognitivo. A partir desse ponto de vista, visando superar obstÃculos tradicionais da IA, surgiu a IA Corporificada. Esta tem uma forte tendÃncia a implementaÃÃo em robÃs, para se desenvolver um melhor projeto sobre o corpo. PorÃm, apesar de ter obtido avanÃos em relaÃÃo a problema da IA tradicional, a IA Corporificada comeÃou a apresentar suas prÃprias limitaÃÃes. Surgiu entÃo a ideia de que um agente genuinamente inteligente deve formular seus prÃprios problemas a partir da percepÃÃo da realidade, construÃda em termo do seus aparato sensÃrio-motor. Em outras palavras, a inteligÃncia genuÃna està ligada à autonomia do agente. A IA Enativa surgiu influenciada por estudos biolÃgicos a respeito da autonomia. Nessa Ãrea da IA a meta à construir um agente artificial autÃnomo. Este trabalho relata a trajetÃria da IA desde a sua fundaÃÃo, passando pela vertente da IA Corporificada, e apontando um possÃvel novo paradigma da IA Enativa. AlÃm disso, nÃs Analisamos e discutimos os processos que levaram pesquisadores a questionar o embasamento filosÃfico da IA e a formular novos conceitos a respeito do que à inteligÃncia. / The development in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field brought great improvement to the resolution of computationally hard problems. However, the early goal of AI, of implementing a genuine intelligence in an artificial way, was not achieved. Therefore most of the fieldâs researchers changed their researchâs focus to problem resolution, quitting the goal of an artificial intelligence. To keep pursuing that goal others researchers started questioning the philosophical principles of AI and they took new routes. Some of them realized that the process of intelligence is not purely mental. According to this new view the body has a fundamental role in the cognitive process. From this point of view, aiming to overcome traditional obstacles of AI, the Embodied AI emerged. It has a strong tendency to implementation in robots, to develop a better design of the body. Despite having achieved improvements over the problem of traditional AI, Embodied AI started to present its own limitations. Then came the idea that a genuinely intelligent agent must formulate its own problems from the perception of reality, constructed in terms of their sensory-motor apparatus. In other words, the genuine intelligence is linked to the agentâs autonomy. The Enactive AI appeared influenced by biological studies about autonomy. In this AI field the goal is to build an autonomous artificial agent. This paper reports the trajectory of AI since its foundation, through strand of Embodied AI, and pointing to a possible new paradigm of Enactive AI. In addition, we analyse and discuss the processes that led researchers to question the philosophical basis of IA and formulate new concepts about what intelligence is.

Orientador: Matteo Bonfitto Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T01:20:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Scalari_RodrigoCardoso_M.pdf: 4725060 bytes, checksum: c4d34b14eeac6d84d3a78bd04d96f1c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho visa tecer uma reflexão sobre o treinamento do ator encarando-o como um espaço privilegiado para a sua autocriação. Para isso, são realizados diálogos com os conceitos Autopoiese, de Humberto Maturana e Francisco Varela, Micropercepção (Pequenas Percepções), retomado de Gottfried Leibniz por José Gil , e com diversos pesquisadores da arte teatral tais como Constantin Stanislavski, Jacques Copeau, Jerzy Grotowski e outros, na busca de um alargamento da compreensão do treinamento do ator e dos fenômenos decorrentes desta prática. Agrega-se à discussão teórica, um aporte prático, a partir da realização de um treinamento corpóreo-improvisacional conduzido por este pesquisador a um grupo de alunas da graduação em Artes Cênicas da Unicamp. Além de conversações com o arcabouço teórico desta pesquisa, a prática é aqui exposta e pensada a partir de percepções oriundas de um diário de bordo deste pesquisador, de diários das alunas envolvidas e vídeos de sessões do treinamento realizado. / Abstract: This work aims to make a reflection on the actor's training regarding it as a privileged space for its self-creation. For this, we conducted dialogues with the concepts Autopoiesis of Humbero Maturana and Francisco Varela, little Perceptions, taken from Gottfried Leibniz by Jose Gil, and with several researchers of theatrical art such as Constantin Stanislavski, Jacques Copeau, Jerzy Grotowski and others, looking for a wider understanding of actor training and phenomena resulting from this practice. Adds to the theoretical discussion, a practical contribution, from the creation of a body-improvisational training conducted by this researcher to a group of female graduate students in Theatre Arts at UNICAMP. In addition to talks with the theoretical framework of this research, the practice is outlined here and thought from the perspective derived from a logbook of this researcher, diaries of the students involved, and videos of training sessions held. / Mestrado / Mestre em Artes