I Sverige inkommer det cirka tusen anmälningar till socialtjänsten varje dag där det finns oro för barn och deras familjer. En socialsekreterare har då ett stort ansvar att utreda om barn får sina behov tillgodosedda av sina vårdnadshavare. Föräldrars förmåga att vara känslomässigt tillgängliga för barnen och hjälpa samt stötta dem är ett av de områden som socialsekreterare har som uppgift att utreda. Syftet med denna studie var att få förståelse för hur känslomässig tillgänglighet definieras av socialsekreterare. Målet är även att få djupare förståelse för hur utredningar kring föräldrarnas förmåga att tillgodose barnets känslomässiga behov går till, samt vilka eventuella svårigheter de ställs inför under utredningens gång. Studien undersöker även om socialsekreteraren upplever att de har stöd av dokumentations och bedömningssystemet BBIC i samband med denna form av utredning och i vilken utsträckning de använder sig av det. Resultatet av denna studie visar på att socialsekreterarna upplever begreppet känslomässig tillgänglighet som svårdefinierat och även problematiskt att utreda.   Studien bygger på kvalitativa data i form av intervjuer med socialsekreterare som arbetar med utredning av barn mellan noll och tolv år. Jag har även i min analys använt mig av de teoretiska perspektiven utvecklingsekologi och anknytningsteori.

Purpose of this study is to investigate whether BBIC had an effect on the interaction between social services and schools. To find this out, a comparative study carried out between two municipalities in southern Sweden who has worked with the BBIC system different lengths of time. The empirical data is based on six qualitative interviews with heads of unit in social services, principals in secondary schools, and social workers who work with children- and youth investigations. The theoretical framework consists of Bronfenbrenners Ecology model, systems theory as organizational theory and the theory of autopoiesis, and Danermark model of collaboration. The results of the survey show that respondents do not find that their inter-organizational collaboration has been significantly affected by the implementation of BBIC, but that BBIC provides a good basis for collaboration due to the logic and structure of the system.

After repeated criticism of the social services about how they manage family care, the National Board of Health and Welfare decided to solve the problem by importing a model used in England (Integrated children's system). This was translated into Swedish conditions and named BBIC (Barns behov i centrum = Child’s needs at the center). Our study aims to investigate whether BBIC will contribute to more and more extensive follow-ups of children placed than before, with a focus on the child's best. This has been studied through qualitative interviews with six social workers who work with children investigations. The results indicate that follow-up is becoming more wide when BBIC is used, the social welfare worker needs to see the child several times to obtain all the information that BBIC documents require. The result also indicates that the social workers use different BBIC documents when they do follow-ups. There are also other parts of the follow-up in which social welfare workers work different, for example how often they visit the child between the statutory reassessments.

<p>Då BBIC mötts av både positiv och negativ kritik ifrågasätter författarna vad BBIC gör för barnen. Syftet är att, utifrån behandlarens syn, undersöka vad BBIC bidragit till då det gäller att stärka barnets ställning och öka rättssäkerheten inom socialtjänstens öppenvård. Frågeställningarna rör barns behov, delaktighet, att få sin röst hörd, förändringar i behandlarens arbete samt innehållsskillnader i dokumentationen. Detta har undersökts genom en kvalitativ metod där sex intervjuer genomförts med behandlare inom barn- och familjeenheten. I resultatet framkommer bl.a. att behandlarnas situation inte förändrats nämnvärt, de har alltid haft stort fokus på barnen. Vidare har det visat sig att utredarna nu träffar barnen i större utsträckning och att barnen omnämns mer i utredningarna. Däremot anses det varken att deras röst blivit mer hörd eller att delaktigheten ökat och många barn är inte ens medvetna om de beslut som tagits. Bl.a. anses det oftast vara vuxna personers bild av barnets behov som ligger till grund för utredningarna. Kritik uttalas också gällande socialsekreterarnas bristande barnkunskap, men BBIC:s fördjupningsteman beskrivs vara till god hjälp för att kompensera detta. BBIC anses också ha bidragit till ökad rättssäkerhet och att insatsen nu kan börja redan under utredningen, uttalas vara av stor vikt.</p> / <p>BBIC have had both positive and negative criticism and the authors questioned what BBIC does for the children. The purpose is to examine, from social workers view, what BBIC does to strengthening the children’s position and enhance legal security in the outpatient care of social service. Issues are dealing with children's needs, participation and changes in the social workers work and differences in documentation. A qualitative method has been used and six interviews were done. The result reveals that social workers situation hasn’t change because they have always had focus on children. Furthermore, it appears that the social secretaries now see the children more often and that they are mentioned more in the investigations. However, children are almost never listened too, their participation hasn´t increased and many of them aren’t even aware of the decisions made about them. It’s usually the adults view of the child's needs that underlies the investigations. Criticism was also directed against the social secretaries because their lack of knowledge about children, but BBIC:s documents about child development are described as helpful to compensate for this. Because of BBIC treatment can start earlier and social workers believes that BBIC can lead to better legal security.</p>

This study regards the Swedish documentation system, BBiC, which is translated from the English version LACS. BBiC is created to make sure that the children’s needs are put in centre of attention in child protection investigations. The BBiC-system becomes problematic regarding unaccompanied refugee children because of the parent-perspective which is a keystone in the system. Therefor BBiC creates discretion for the social worker which is not BBiC: s original intension. The study’s aim was to understand how BBiC: s creates discretion for the social worker that works with unaccompanied refugee children. In the results of the study we show that the social workers discretion expands when using BBiC in the work with unaccompanied refugee children. Because of the lack of guidelines from Socialstyrelsen, BBiC is used differently in different municipalities. The social workers sees BBiC in different ways, some see BBiC as a complete system and has adapted BBiC well to the work with unaccompanied refugee children and therefore the discretion increases. Some has only adapted BBiC as a way of thinking and still has a large discretion. We use Lipskys theory about street-level bureaucracy and discretion. We selected the theory and its concept because it is relevant to analyze how BBiC has created discretion for the social workers that work with unaccompanied refugee children. With a large discretion there is also a risk of injustice safety for the unaccompanied refugee child. Therefor the legitimacy of municipality can be questioned. We preformed semi-structured interviews in eight municipalities in southern Sweden and had twelve interviewees. We have also done literary studies regarding Socialstyrelsens reports about BBiC and the research that concerning the implementation of BBiC.

<p>After repeated criticism of the social services about how they manage family care, the National Board of Health and Welfare decided to solve the problem by importing a model used in England (Integrated children's system). This was translated into Swedish conditions and named BBIC (Barns behov i centrum = Child’s needs at the center). Our study aims to investigate whether BBIC will contribute to more and more extensive follow-ups of children placed than before, with a focus on the child's best. This has been studied through qualitative interviews with six social workers who work with children investigations. The results indicate that follow-up is becoming more wide when BBIC is used, the social welfare worker needs to see the child several times to obtain all the information that BBIC documents require. The result also indicates that the social workers use different BBIC documents when they do follow-ups. There are also other parts of the follow-up in which social welfare workers work different, for example how often they visit the child between the statutory reassessments.</p>

Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka hur socialsekreterare definierar barns delaktighet och hur eventuella utmaningar påverkar socialsekreterares arbete med att göra barnen delaktiga. För att besvara vårt syfte intervjuade vi åtta socialsekreterare inom två kommuner i Mellansverige för att ta del av deras uppfattning kring barns delaktighet, vilka eventuella utmaningar de möter samt hur socialsekreterare gör barnet delaktig i praktiken. Vår data analyserades utifrån Shiers delaktighetsmodell, tre av BBIC:s grundprinciper samt tidigare forskning. Resultatet som framkom visade att socialsekreterare har en liknande definition av vad barns delaktighet innebär. Det skiljer sig dock huruvida i vilken utsträckning barnet blir delaktig. Informanterna är alla överens om att barnet bör bli mer delaktig. Det har även framkommit ett flertal utmaningar som förhindrar socialsekreterares arbete att involvera barnet i utredningsprocessen. Dessa utmaningar kan vara barnets föräldrar, barnet själv samt socialsekreterares uppfattning om sig själv och sin arbetsmiljö. Det visade sig även i vårt resultat att socialsekreterare har olika tillvägagångssätt för att göra barnet delaktig i utredningsprocessen. Vår slutsats utifrån de intervjuer vi utfört samt tidigare forskning är att barnen i dagsläget inte anses vara tillräckligt delaktiga i sin egen utredningsprocess. Det är främst utmaningar, såsom föräldrar, barnet själv, tidsbrist och socialsekreteraren, som förhindrar barnets delaktighet. Detta då socialsekreterare, på grund av detta, upplever en svårighet att involvera barnet från första början. / The purpose of our essay aims to explore how social workers define children’s participation and how possible challenges may affect the social workers work to make the children participated. In order to answer our purpose we interviewed eight social workers within two municipalities in the middle of Sweden, to get a acquainted with their perception about children’s participation. As well as possible challenges they may encounter and what social workers do to involve children in practice. Our data were analyzed on the basis of Shier’s ”Pathways to participation”, BBIC’s fundamental principles and previous research. The result that emerged showed that social workers have a similar perception about the meaning of children’s participation. It differs however, regarding the extent to which the child is participated. The informants all agree that the children should be more participated. It was also discovered that there are multiple challenges that prevent the social workers to involve children in their investigationsprocess. These challenges might be the parents of the children, the child itself and the social workers perception of them self and their work environment. Our result also showed that the social workers have different approach in how they participate children in their investigationprocess. Our conclusion based on the interviews we conducted, as well as previous research is that children today aren’t considered to be enough participated in their own investigationprocess. It is primarily the possible challenges, as the child’s parents, the child itself, the lack of time and the social worker itself, that prevent the children’s participation, this because social workers feel a difficulty to involve and make the child participated from the beginning.

Då BBIC mötts av både positiv och negativ kritik ifrågasätter författarna vad BBIC gör för barnen. Syftet är att, utifrån behandlarens syn, undersöka vad BBIC bidragit till då det gäller att stärka barnets ställning och öka rättssäkerheten inom socialtjänstens öppenvård. Frågeställningarna rör barns behov, delaktighet, att få sin röst hörd, förändringar i behandlarens arbete samt innehållsskillnader i dokumentationen. Detta har undersökts genom en kvalitativ metod där sex intervjuer genomförts med behandlare inom barn- och familjeenheten. I resultatet framkommer bl.a. att behandlarnas situation inte förändrats nämnvärt, de har alltid haft stort fokus på barnen. Vidare har det visat sig att utredarna nu träffar barnen i större utsträckning och att barnen omnämns mer i utredningarna. Däremot anses det varken att deras röst blivit mer hörd eller att delaktigheten ökat och många barn är inte ens medvetna om de beslut som tagits. Bl.a. anses det oftast vara vuxna personers bild av barnets behov som ligger till grund för utredningarna. Kritik uttalas också gällande socialsekreterarnas bristande barnkunskap, men BBIC:s fördjupningsteman beskrivs vara till god hjälp för att kompensera detta. BBIC anses också ha bidragit till ökad rättssäkerhet och att insatsen nu kan börja redan under utredningen, uttalas vara av stor vikt. / BBIC have had both positive and negative criticism and the authors questioned what BBIC does for the children. The purpose is to examine, from social workers view, what BBIC does to strengthening the children’s position and enhance legal security in the outpatient care of social service. Issues are dealing with children's needs, participation and changes in the social workers work and differences in documentation. A qualitative method has been used and six interviews were done. The result reveals that social workers situation hasn’t change because they have always had focus on children. Furthermore, it appears that the social secretaries now see the children more often and that they are mentioned more in the investigations. However, children are almost never listened too, their participation hasn´t increased and many of them aren’t even aware of the decisions made about them. It’s usually the adults view of the child's needs that underlies the investigations. Criticism was also directed against the social secretaries because their lack of knowledge about children, but BBIC:s documents about child development are described as helpful to compensate for this. Because of BBIC treatment can start earlier and social workers believes that BBIC can lead to better legal security.

Många ungdomar med olika typer av problem kan i dagsläget inte bo kvar hemma. Anledningarna till det kan ligga hos ungdomen själv eller hos ungdomens familj och närsamhälle och kan då placeras på ett stödboende. Studiens syfte är att undersöka om ungdomar på stödboendet Kollektivboendet (Kollbo) i Örebro upplever sig vara delaktiga i den stödjande verksamheten och hur delaktigheten ser ut. Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning baserad på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med ungdomar boende på Kollbo och i deras slusslägenheter. De sex pojkarna är slumpmässigt utvalda utifrån ett antal sammanställda kriterier. Resultatet av studien framställs under olika teman som vi har identifierat under intervjuerna. Resultatet visade på att majoriteten av ungdomarna till stor del upplever sig delaktiga i den stödjande processen på Kollbo. Det framkommer även att ungdomarna är positiva till personalen och Kollbo, men att det finns vissa aspekter där pojkarna upplever att delaktigheten brister. / Many young people with different types of problems can at present not live at home. The reasons to it can lie at the youth alone or at the youth’s family and near society and can then be placed on a supportive residential home. The study's purpose is to examine whether young people on Kollektivboendet (Kollbo) in Örebro are to be involved in supporting activities and how the participation looks. The study is a qualitative survey, based on six semi structured interviews with young people living at the supportive residential home Kollbo and in their sluice-gate apartments. The six boys are randomly selected from a number of consolidated criteria. The results of the study are produced under different themes that we have identified during the interviews. The results showed that the majority of young people largely feel involved in the supporting process around themselves at Kollbo. It is found that young people feel positive towards the staff and Kollbo, but that there are certain aspects where the boys experiences that the participation deficiencies.

Author: Martina Holgersson och Pranvera VishajSupervisor: Matts MosessonTitle: “A study about how Social Services understand and put child perspective into practice”The purpose of this study is to describe and understand how the child perspective is perceived and put into practice by the Social Services. Our questions were: “How is the child perspective perceived by the Social Services?” and “In what way is the child perspective put into practice in the Social Services’ work?” Our approach to knowledge is based on the hermeneutic tradition of knowledge. The essay rests upon semi-structured interviews with ten Social Services’ workers. We have analysed our results from the theory of actions where we have applied analytical ideas; the five P’s and actor and objective perspective. Our main findings in the study were; the Social Services’ workers regarded the child perspective as a complex and hard to define concept. Furthermore, the Social Services’ workers considered to think the fundamental apprehension of the child perspective; is children’s well-fare and protection from abuse. From which angle they choose to see the child perspective; the child’s, the parents or the professionals vary. The Social Services’ workers experienced the children were being implicated in the work. The reports are written from both angels, children and parents point of view. A special interest and importance from the Social Services’ workers were children being involved through-out the inquiry process as at decision-making. The child perspective doesn’t have to be crucial at a settlement. Based on our findings and our theory we can draw the conclusion that the scope the Social Services’ workers have in their work can influence how the child perspective is perceived and carried out and how it should be applied.