Globalization has transformed the pharmaceutical industry into a vast, interconnected network. However, this complexity has led to inefficiencies in the supply chain, with existing ERP systems struggling to keep up due to their centralized nature, resulting in a lack of transparency and increased errors. This research proposes efficient distributed ledger-based architectures to address these challenges. In Chapter 3, a new transparent supply chain architecture is introduced to eliminate blind spots and enable stakeholders to verify the authenticity of pharmaceutical products. This system creates a secure, single source of truth for the entire lifecycle of medicines, thereby eliminating counterfeits. Chapter 4 focuses on securing the cold pharmaceutical supply chain using IoT and distributed ledgers. The proposed architecture monitors and controls environmental parameters, ensuring safe drug transport. Scalability is addressed with a novel proof of authentication (PoAh) blockchain called EasyChain. In Chapter 5, the serialization of pharmaceutical products is enhanced through digital twinning, providing an efficient and cost-effective solution while complying with regulations. This research aims to create scalable and efficient pharmaceutical supply chains, reducing counterfeits and improving overall security.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze a supply chain, where manufacturing is outsourced, to identify risk zones where any quantity difference could occur, the cause of quantity difference and the measures that could be taken to reduce the quantity difference.   Method – In order to achieve the purpose a literature study and a case study has been carried out. The case study consisted of interviews, observations and document studies and have generated empirical data. In the analysis of the collected data a fishbone diagram has been established and pattern matching has been applied. Findings – The case company's supply chain was mapped to identify risk zones, risk factors, and measures for the risk factors. The biggest risk zones identified in the cas company was picking and the store's inventory. The risk factors that were considered to be contributing most to the quantity difference was the lack of communication, mistakes, lack of standards, lack of security and barcode scanners. The measures that have been presented are improving communication, introduction of new standards, upgrading of bar code readers, enhancing safety and eliminating the possibility of making mistakes. Implications – With the help of the proposals that the authors have developed, the identified risk factors could be counteracted. Before proposed measures are implemented, all personnel should first and foremost take part of the mapping of the supply chain to understand how things work together. Method discussion – To achieve reliable results triangulation has been used when interviews, observation and document studies have been conducted. The internal validity is considered to have been strengthened by pattern matching when empirical data has been compared with theory. Since the respondents' answers have been similar the internal validity has been further strengthened and therefore credible. / Syfte – Studiens syfte är att analysera en försörjningskedja, där tillverkningen är outsourcad, för att upptäcka riskzoner där en eventuell kvantitetsdifferens skulle kunna uppstå, orsak till kvantitetsdifferens samt vilka åtgärder som skulle kunna vidtas för att minska kvantitetsdifferens. Metod – För att uppnå syftet har litteraturstudier samt en fallstudie genomförts. Fallstudien har bestått av intervjuer, observationer samt dokumentstudier och har genererat empirisk data. Vid analys av insamlad data har ett fiskbensdiagram upprättats samt mönsterpassning tillämpats. Resultat – Fallföretagets försörjningskedja kartlades för att identifiera riskzoner, riskfaktorer samt åtgärder till riskfaktorerna. De största riskzonerna som identifierades på fallföretaget var plockning samt butikslager. De riskfaktorer som ansågs vara mest bidragande till kvantitetsdifferens var kommunikationsbrist, misstag, bristfälliga standarder, brist på bevakning samt streckkodsläsare. Åtgärderna som har presenterats är förbättring av kommunikation, införande av nya standarder, uppgradering av streckkodsläsare, förhöjning av säkerhet samt eliminering av möjlighet att begå misstag. Implikationer – Med hjälp av de åtgärdsförslag som författarna har tagit fram kan de identifierade riskfaktorerna motverkas. Innan studiens åtgärdsförslag implementeras bör all personal först och främst ta del av kartläggningen av försörjningskedjan för att förstå hur aktiviteterna samverkar. Metoddiskussion – För att uppnå ett tillförlitligt resultat har triangulering använts då intervjuer, observationer och dokumentstudier har genomförts. Den interna validiteten anses ha stärkts genom mönsterpassning då empiri har jämförts med teori. Eftersom att respondenternas svar har varit likartade anses den interna validiteten stärkts ytterligare och är därmed trovärdig.

Sandvik Rock Tools is operating in a highly competitive market. This requires them to constantly improve the efficiency of their organization, in order for them to maintain their position as market leaders, both in a short-term and a long-term perspective. Sandvik Rock Tools is currently working on developing and further improving their supply chain. The supply chain is a key organizational function and improvements of the supply chain aim to yield benefits like lowered total costs and better utilized inventory levels. The purpose of our work has been to develop the supply chain between Sandvik’s in-market warehouse and their customer site at Dannemora. The main focus of this thesis has been to enable automatic data collection and to lower the stock levels at the customer site in Dannemora. This would be accomplished by improving the information flow between the two entities in the observed supply chain and by enabling real-time inventory information, easily accessible to the warehouse manager. A barcode system was implemented in the warehouse at the Dannemora customer site and was integrated with warehouse management software that was developed by the authors. The implemented barcode system and the warehouse management software were used at the Dannemora customer site for a period of two months. The effects of the implemented barcode system working in combination with the warehouse management software were observed in several operational areas after implementation, and the results were positive and beneficial. Firstly, the barcode system and warehouse management software simplified the warehouse manager’s decision process, by providing easy access to necessary warehouse management information, like realtime inventory information. Secondly, it made the day-to-day work routine of the warehouse manager easier, this being the case because the barcode system that had been implemented had digitalized and automated many tasks that had previously been performed manually by warehouse manager. An excellent example would be the simplified process for order placement and stocktaking. Thirdly, it improved the information flow between the Dannemora customer site and Sandvik’s in-market warehouse in Sandviken, thereby improving the overall effectiveness of the entire supply chain, through shared information. The barcode implementation successfully lowered inventory levels by six percent on average.

No description available.

La manipulation de micro et nanoparticules magnétiques et leurs applications dans les domaines de la biologie, la biodétection et du diagnostic a continuellement gagné en intérêt ces dernières années. Ce travail de thèse explore l’utilisation des propriétés magnétiques des particules en suivant deux axes distincts.Dans un premier axe, nous avons utilisé des particules magnétiques dans une analyse par biocode barre pour la capture et la concentration de cibles biologiques. La détection a été effectuée à l’aide d’un nouveau biocapteur à onde évanescente. Le but était de pouvoir procéder à un génotypage plaquettaire sans utiliser la « Polymérase Chain Reaction » (PCR), en collaboration avec l’Etablissement Français du Sang Rhône-Alpes. Nous nous sommes servis du système biallélique HPA-1 comme preuve de concept, en utilisant des cibles de type oligonucléotide synthétique pour valider nos protocoles d’analyse. Nous avons réussi à détecter une concentration de 2 fmol/l de cibles non marquées. Notre test permet de discriminer les deux allèles du gène HPA-1, qui ne diffèrent que d’un nucléotide. Notre approche par biocode barre permet d’abaisser le seuil inférieur de détection de notre biocapteur d’un facteur 125 000. Nous avons pu détecter 6.105 copies de cible synthétique, sans passer par une amplification PCR. La prochaine étape consistera à adapter le test pour analyser des échantillons biologiques réels.Dans un deuxième axe, nous avons exploré l’assemblage de particules magnétiques sous champ magnétique, de manière à fabriquer des filaments permanents ancrés sur une surface et orientables. Les filaments ont pu être greffés sur des supports homogènes de verre, d’or et sur des supports mixte verre/or fonctionnalisés de manière orthogonale. Les filaments ont pu être localisés dans des zones précises du support, soit en employant des pointes concentrant le champ magnétique localement (spots de 500 µm), soit en jouant sur la fonctionnalisation sélective sur support mixte (carrés d’or de 1 mm de côté). Typiquement l’assemblage de particules de 200 nm de diamètre a permis d’obtenir des filaments de 5 µm de longueur pour 200 à 400 nm de largeur. Les conditions de formation des filaments restent toutefois à améliorer.Les filaments magnétiques permanents ont été employés pour deux applications. Tout d’abord nous avons employé les filaments magnétiques orientables pour valider un banc d’imagerie polarimétrique par résonance de plasmon de surface (P-SPRI) développé par le LCFIO (Palaiseau). Les premières mesures tendent à montrer que l’anisotropie des filaments peut être détectée par le banc de P-SPRI, il est toutefois nécessaire de poursuivre les travaux pour mieux valider ces résultats. Deuxièmement nous avons employé des filaments magnétiques biofonctionnalisés avec des oligonucléotides sondes, pour procéder à un génotypage plaquettaire. Dans des conditions de mesure non optimisées, l’hybridation d’oligonucléotides cibles fluorescents sur les filaments ancrés sur support permet de multiplier par trois le signal de fluorescence par rapport à une hybridation sur surface plane, grâce à une augmentation de la surface spécifique du support. / Manipulation and utilization of magnetic nano/microparticles have raised some interest in the field of biology, biodetection and diagnostics during the last few years. This work explores the uses of magnetic properties of particles in two different axes.In a first part, we used magnetic particles in a bio-barcode assay for the capture and biological target concentration steps. The detection was done using a new evanescent wave biosensor. The aim was to perform a platelet genotyping without polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the collaboration of the French national blood service (EFS). We used the biallelic system HPA-1 as proof-of-concept, using synthetic oligonucleotides as target in order to validate our protocols. The assay allows to specifically detect single nucleotide polymorphism for HPA-1 gene with a detection of 2 fmol/l of label-free target synthetic oligonucleotides. Our bio-barcode assay allows to lower the inferior limit of detection of our biosensor by a factor of 125 000. We can detect 6.105 copies of synthetic target without using a PCR amplification step. The next step will be to adapt our assay to analyze real biological samples.In a second part, we explored the assemblage of magnetic particles with a magnetic field to create permanent filaments anchored on a surface and that can be actuated. The filaments could be grafted on homogeneous glass or gold supports and also on mixed glass/gold supports with orthogonal functionalization. Filaments could be localized on precise support zones using either metallic tips concentrating locally the magnetic field (500 µm spots) or selective functionalization on mixed supports (1 mm gold squares). Assembling 200 nm diameter particles allowed to typically obtain filaments 5 µm long and 200 - 400 nm wide. The filament formation conditions could still be improved.Permanent magnetic filaments were used for two applications. Firstly, we used magnetic filaments which can be actuated to validate a polarimetric surface resonance imaging biosensor (P-SPRI) developed by the LCFIO (Palaiseau). First measurements tend to show that the anisotropy can be detected by the P-SPRI biosensor. It is necessary to continue this work to better validate the results already obtained. Secondly, we used magnetic filaments biofunctionalized by oligonucleotide probes to type platelets. In non-optimized measurement conditions, the hybridization of fluorescent target oligonucleotides on filaments anchored on a surface allows to multiply by 3 the fluorescence signal compared to hybridization on plane surface by increasing the support specific surface.

Depuis leur création, les codes graphiques constituent un outil d'identification automatique largement exploité en industrie. Cependant, les performances de lecture sont limitées par un flou optique et un flou de mouvement. L'objectif de la thèse est l'optimisation de lecture des codes 1D et 2D en exploitant des modèles de Markov cachés simples et doubles, et des méthodes d'estimation aveugles. En premier lieu, le système de lecture de codes graphiques est modélisé par une chaîne de Markov cachée, et des nouveaux algorithmes pour l'estimation du canal et la détection des symboles sont développés. Ils tiennent compte de la non stationnarité de la chaîne de Markov. De plus une méthode d'estimation de la taille du flou et de sa forme est proposée. La méthode utilise des critères de sélection permettant de choisir le modèle de dégradation le plus adéquat. Enfin nous traitons le problème de complexité qui est particulièrement important dans le cas d'un canal à mémoire longue. La solution proposée consiste à modéliser le canal à mémoire longue par une chaîne de Markov double. Sur la base de ce modèle, des algorithmes offrant un rapport optimisé performance-complexité sont présentés / Since its birth, the technology of barcode is well investigated for automatic identification. When reading, a barcode can be degraded by a blur , caused by a bad focalisation and/ or a camera movement. The goal of this thesis is the optimisation of the receiver of 1D and 2D barcode from hidden and double Markov model and blind statistical estimation approaches. The first phase of our work consists of modelling the original image and the observed one using Hidden Markov model. Then, new algorithms for joint blur estimation and symbol detection are proposed, which take into account the non-stationarity of the hidden Markov process. Moreover, a method to select the most relevant model of the blur is proposed, based on model selection criterion. The method is also used to estimate the blur length. Finally, a new algorithm based on the double Markov chain is proposed to deal with digital communication through a long memory channel. Estimation of such channel is not possible using the classical detection algorithms based on the maximum likelihood due to the prohibitive complexity. New algorithm giving good trade off between complexity and performance is provided

This thesis focuses on the support of software applications development using mathematical and statistical methods. One of the topics related to this issue is inventory management. The thesis deals with inventory management in the pizzeria, which I have thoroughly analyzed and based on the data and methods needed to design a software application to simplify and accelerate the supply of raw materials.

The project focuses on the packaging process of the smart card manufacturing industry. The idea of the project concerns how to increase production packaging efficiency by introducing a control system. After taking an in-depth look at the current production environment, the following system goals were defined: packaging time reduction, cost reduction, decrease in human errors, and reducing the number of customer complaints. To achieve these goals, the thesis project was divided into the following tasks: discovering a feasible solution, actual system development, testing, and evaluation. The proposed system is based on hardware (i.e. barcode scanner, and barcode printer) integrated with customized control software. The barcode scanner acts as a bridge between the system and the production process by scanning a barcode printed on each product. The system prints the required information label for the product’s package according to the scanned product. This label is pasted on the product’s box and is used as a tracking tool during further production steps. The system is very flexible and suits any packaging model. Other functional properties maintained in the system include data security, product traceability, and real time production monitoring. Testing of the system was done in an actual production environment at an Oberthur Technologies manufacturing site. Two production lines were selected to test the system’s functionality, specifically the SIM card production packaging line and the Scratch card/ Bank Card production packaging line. The results obtained during the evaluation phase of the proposed system show that the proposed solution decreased the packaging processing time by (27.3%) over the previous values. Moreover, the resulting human error rate is close to (zero%). / Projektet fokuserar på förpackningen processen smartkortet tillverkningsindustrin. Tanken med projektet handlar om hur att öka effektiviteten produktionen förpackningar genom att införa ett styrsystem. Efter att ha tagit en fördjupad titt på den nuvarande produktionsmiljö, var följande systemkrav mål definieras: nedsättning förpackning tid, minskade kostnader, minskad mänskliga fel och minska antalet kundklagomål. För att uppnå dessa mål var examensarbetet indelad i följande uppgifter: att upptäcka en genomförbar lösning, faktisk systemutveckling, testning och utvärdering. Det föreslagna systemet bygger på hårdvara (dvs streckkodsläsare och streckkod skrivare) integreras med skräddarsydd styrprogram. Den streckkodsläsare fungerar som en bro mellan systemet och produktionsprocessen genom att läsa en streckkod tryckt på varje produkt. Systemet skriver den erforderliga informationen etiketten för produktens förpackning enligt den scannade produkten. Denna etikett klistras in på produktens ask och används som ett verktyg för spårning under ytterligare produktionssteg. Systemet är mycket flexibelt och passar varje förpackning modell. Andra funktionella egenskaper bibehålls i systemet inkluderar datasäkerhet, spårbarhet och i realtid övervakning av produktionen. Testning av systemet gjordes i en verklig produktionsmiljö i ett Oberthur Technologies tillverkningsanläggning. Två produktionslinjer valdes för att testa systemets funktionalitet, särskilt i SIM-kortet produktionen förpackning linje och skrapkort / Bank kortproduktion förpackningslinje. De resultat som erhållits under utvärderingsfasen av det föreslagna systemet visar att den föreslagna lösningen minskade tiden förpackningen behandling av (27,3 %) jämfört med föregående värden. Dessutom är den resulterande mänskliga fel som ligger nära (noll %).

No description available.

Submitted by Regiane Relva Romano (regiane@vip-systems.com.br) on 2011-12-28T12:03:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Regiane Relva Romano - dezembro 2011-Versao Final.pdf: 4192254 bytes, checksum: 786a11620fac456f482835d77b815ce8 (MD5) / Rejected by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Regiane, Está pendente a capa e a ficha catalográfica. Favor retirar o logotipo das primeiras folhas. Segue a sequencia: 1º capa 2º contra capa (que na sua postagem está como 1ª folha) 3º ficha catalográfica 4º folha de assinaturas 5º sequencia do trabalho..... Em caso de dúvidas favor verificar no site da biblioteca / serviços / manuais / normalização de trabalhos academicos. Att, Secretaria de Registro on 2011-12-28T12:09:43Z (GMT) / Submitted by Regiane Relva Romano (regiane@vip-systems.com.br) on 2012-01-04T01:31:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Regiane Relva Romano - Versao Final Entregue.pdf: 4264628 bytes, checksum: 5cde922f780d99b751abbf306d16f982 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-01-04T11:12:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Regiane Relva Romano - Versao Final Entregue.pdf: 4264628 bytes, checksum: 5cde922f780d99b751abbf306d16f982 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-04T11:16:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Regiane Relva Romano - Versao Final Entregue.pdf: 4264628 bytes, checksum: 5cde922f780d99b751abbf306d16f982 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-09 / Este trabalho objetivou identificar as principais tecnologias disponíveis de TI (Tecnologia da Informação) e de AIDC (Identificação e Captura Automática de Dados) para a área de varejo de autosserviço, para preencher a lacuna existente na literatura, sobre os benefícios de se usar novas tecnologias no ponto de venda, com vistas a otimizar sua operação. Para tanto, foram estudados os principais processos operacionais de uma loja de varejo de autosserviço, com vistas a identificar como as Tecnologias da Informação (TI) e de Identificação e Captura Automática de Dados (AIDC), poderiam ajudar a melhorar os resultados operacionais e agregar valor ao negócio. Para analisar suas proposições (de que o uso de TI e de AIDC podem ajudar na: redução dos tempos dos processos de retaguarda; redução do número de operações no ponto de venda; prevenção de perdas; redução dos custos e dos tempos para a realização dos inventários; redução do número de funcionários nas lojas; redução do tempo de fila no caixa; redução de rupturas e no aumento da eficiência operacional da loja), foram pesquisados diversos estudos de casos mundiais de empresas do segmento de varejo, que implementaram as tecnologias de AIDC e TI, principalmente a de RFID, para saber quais foram os impactos do uso destas tecnologias em suas operações e, em seguida, foi desenvolvido um Estudo de Caso abrangente, por meio do qual se objetivou entender os benefícios empresariais reais do uso destas tecnologias para o varejo de autosserviço. Como resultado final, foi possível identificar as mudanças nos processos operacionais do varejo de autosserviço, bem como os benefícios gerados em termos de custo, produtividade, qualidade, flexibilidade e inovação. O trabalho também evidenciou os pontos críticos de sucesso para a implementação da TI e das AIDC no varejo, que são: a revisão dos processos operacionais; a correta definição do hardware; dos insumos; do software; das interferências do ambiente físico; da disponibilização dos dados/informações dos produtos; das pessoas/funcionários e dos parceiros de negócios/fornecedores. De maneira mais específica, este trabalho buscou contribuir para o enriquecimento do campo de estudos no segmento de varejo e para o uso da tecnologia da informação, no Brasil, já que o assunto sobre o uso e o impacto de novas tecnologias no ponto de vendas, ainda permanece pouco explorado academicamente. / This study sought to identify the main IT technologies available for the AIDC and retail self-service area, to fill the gap in the literature about the real advantages of using new technologies at the point of sale, in order to optimize its operation. In order to do this, we studied the main operational processes of a self-service retail store bearing in mind to identify how the technologies of Automatic Identification and Data Capture and IT could help to improve the operating results and add value to the business. To analyze these proposals we have surveyed several global case studies of retail companies, which implemented the AIDC and IT technologies to investigate what were the impacts of using these technologies in their operations and then designed a comprehensive and innovative Case Study, through which we sought to understand the real business benefits. As a final result, it was possible to identify the changes and the benefits in terms of cost, productivity, quality, flexibility and innovation. The work also highlighted the critical points of success for the implementation of AIDC and IT Retail, which are: the review of operating processes, the correct definition of the hardware; inputs; software; interferences of the physical environment, the availability of data / information of products, of people / employees and of business partners / suppliers. More specifically, this study sought to contribute to the enrichment of the field studies in the retail segment and for the use of information technology in Brazil, since the issue on the use and impact of new technologies at the point of sales, still remains unexplored academically.