Syftet med studien var att undersöka och förstå villkoren för ungdomars identitetsskapande på behandlingshem. I denna kvalitativa studie har fem personer intervjuats ur personalstyrkan på ett behandlingshem med två avdelningar. Frågor ställdes gällande intervjupersonernas uppfattningar om de möjligheter och begränsningar som fanns för ungdomar att skapa en positiv identitet på behandlingshemmet. Den teoretiska referensram som användes i tolkningen av resultatet var Goffmans och Beckers tankar om identiteten som en produkt av interaktion samt även Wrangsjös tolkning av ungdomsutveckling. Resultatet visade att möjligheterna som nämndes kunde delas in i tre teman: trygghet, positiv bekräftelse och social färdighetsträning. Samtidigt kunde trygghet och bekräftelse vara begränsningar i ungdomarnas identitetsskapande. Ytterligare en begränsning var ungdomarnas bristande motivation till att förändra sina självbilder och beteenden. Enligt personalen fanns det flera orsaker till att de inte lyckades motivera ungdomarna: bristande information eller tid, personalens otillräckliga kompetens eller att arbetsmetoden på behandlingshemmet inte passade ungdomarna. Villkoren på behandlingshemmet kunde beskrivas som komplexa och svåra att definiera, detta på grund av de kontextuella aspekterna som behövde beaktas för att förstå identitetsskapandet för ungdomar. / The aim of this study was to examine and understand the conditions under which young people develop their identities at care and treatment homes. In this qualitative study, five staff members were interviewed at a care and treatment home consisting of two units. The staff members at the home were asked questions regarding what they thought were the possibilities and limitations for young people to create a positive identity there. The theoretic reference frame that was used in the interpretation of the results was Goffman´s and Becker´s understanding of identity as a product of interaction as well as Wrangsjö´s interpretation of adolescent development. The results showed that the possibilities that were mentioned could be divided into three themes: safety, positive acknowledgement and social quality training. At the same time safety and acknowledgement could also have had a limiting effect on the development of young people´s identities. Another limitation was the lack of motivation to change their self- images and behavior. According to the staff, there were several reasons why they did not succeed in motivating the adolescents: lack of information and time, insufficient competence among staff, or that the method used in the home did not fit the adolescents. The conditions at the care and treatment home could be described as complex and hard to define, because of the contextual aspects that had to be considered when evaluating the process of identity-development.

Sveriges ungdomsvård är både omfattande, kostsam och har i vissa hänseenden heller inte uppnått optimal effekt för att ungdomarna ska nå ett självständigt, fungerande liv. Placeringskostnaderna för ungdomar på HVB i Sverige har mellan 2014 till 2015 ökat med 451 miljoner kronor och det kan tänkas att det vore angeläget att fokusera på det som fungerar snarare än det som inte fungerar för att vända utvecklingen. Denna kvalitativa uppsats syftar till att undersöka bakomliggande orsaker till ungdomars vändpunkter som bott på HVB eller institutioner. Fem personer som bott på HVB-hem eller institution som idag lever självständiga liv utgör urvalet. Intervjuerna från dessa fem utgör materialet som har analyserats med hjälp av konventionell kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar på att viljan till att få hjälp och bakomliggande orsaker till vändpunkten är beroende av varandras existens. När dessa ligger i samklang till varandra tycks det leda till att vändpunkten leder till en förändrad livssituation. Resultatet bekräftar till viss del befintlig forskning på området men indikerar också på behov av ytterligare forskning.

This thesis aims to examine the phenomenon of gambling and consequences that may result from having a gambling problem. The thesis also intends to investigate opportunities for support and a few explanatory- and treatment models. Games are taking on new shapes and access to gambling for money is on the rise. Studies on gambling have primarily been focusing on epidemiological factors rather than factors increasing or decreasing the risk of developing gambling-related problems. The empirical material is based on eight qualitative semi-structured interviews. Five interviews were made with former gamblers and three with professionals working with gamblers. The analysis made was based on symbolic interactionism. The result shows that community support is limited and has to be developed further. The result also shows that game environment and game design can have effect on gambling-related problems.

It is a common-held belief that the social worker for the most part uses oneself as a “tool” in working with clients. This study seeks to examine that “tool” in the context of treatment of teenage boys with psychosocial problems such as criminal behavior, drug-abuse and/or abusive home environment. The main purpose is to identify the conceptions of masculinity, and more specific hegemonic and subordinated masculinity, of the professionals working with the boys. We will take a constructivist approach on masculinity which means that the meaning of the concept isn’t static but dependent on time and place and changeable in the interaction between people. The theoretical base for the purpose, questions and analysis of our study lies on R.W Connell’s theory on the hierarchy of masculinities. Connell states that multiple masculinities are constructed among us that relates to one another in a hierarchical order measured by the content of hegemonic masculinity, which is defined as the culturally and socially accepted ideal of being a man, as defined at a certain time or place. The study seeks mainly to find and problematize the type of hegemonic and subordinated masculinity that could be constructed in the treatment area of adolescent boys, and are based on in-depth interview with six therapy assistants from one institution in southern Sweden. Our study finds that the hegemonic masculinity consists of the following characteristics: sensitivity, reliability, mental strength, honesty, stability and the ability to build relationships and with competence in boundary setting, which could be summarized as a macho-soft masculinity with an emphasize on soft. The subordinate masculinity consists of the following characteristics in a man: sexist, homosexual, immigrant and violent.

Arbetet tar upp ämnena genus, föräldraskap och socialt arbete ställt mot barnets bästa. Frågor som belyses är om instanser för socialt arbete arbetar med genusfrågor i förhållande till föräldraskap och barnets bästa och hur detta tas hänsyn till i det undersökta sociala arbetets praxis. Genus är inget som diskuteras strukturerat i de undersökta verksamheterna, men hos flertalet av dem diskuteras det under andra former. Under arbetets gång har det framkommit att synen på papparollen är under förändring och pappan finns med mer i barnens liv än vad tidigare forskning visar. Dock lyfter informanterna upp problemen kring kollektivboenden, att föräldrar och barn inte alltid finns under samma enhet hos socialtjänsten och bristen på pappa – barn placeringar. / The work addresses the topics of gender, parenthood and social work filed against the best interests of the child. Issues highlighted are the instances of social work dealing with gender issues in relation to parenting and the best interests of the child and how this is taken into account in the investigated social work practice. Gender is not discussed under structured forms in the examined activities, but the majority of them discussed it in other forms. During the work it has become clear that the perception of father role is changing and that the father is more in their children's lives than previous research shows. However, informants lift up the problems of public accommodation, that parents and children cannot always be under the same unit of social services and a lack of father - child placements.

Introduktion: Missbruk och psykisk ohälsa är ett vanligt problem som kan ge kognitiva nedsättningar vilka försvårar en persons förmågor att klara sin vardag och en eventuell behandling. Många med missbruksproblematik saknar meningsfullhet och en känsla av sammanhang i vardagen då många vardagsaktiviteter fallit bort. Vissa personer med svårt missbruk behandlas på behandlingshem för sitt beroende, men både utbudet av aktiviteter på behandlingshemmen och resultatet av behandlingen kan variera.Syfte: Att belysa vad personer med erfarenhet av behandlingshemsvistelse för sitt substansberoende upplevt vara meningsfullt i sin behandling för att bättre klara sin vardag. Metod: Kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts med 10 deltagare. De var fyra kvinnor och sex män mellan 24 - 58 år och hade haft missbruksproblematik mellan fyra till 40 år. Deltagarna hade varit på behandlingshem mellan totalt fem månader upp till två år. Intervjuerna genomfördes främst per telefon med en intervjuguide som stöd. Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Etiska riktlinjer har beaktats.Resultat: Analysen ledde till fem huvudkategorier som berör aktiviteter, miljö, relationer, rutiner och övergången från behandling till hemgång. Alltsammans utmynnade i ett tema som berör vikten av att behandlingen är individuellt utformad och personligt meningsfull.Slutsats: Det är viktigt att se till varje enskild individ när en behandling ska planeras. På så sätt kan alla få tillgång till aktiviteter och stöd som är meningsfulla för dem. Att uppmuntra klienter till att vara aktiva gör att de lättare klarar sin behandling och håller sig nyktra efter de avslutat tiden på behandlingshem. / Introduction: Substance abuse and mental illness is a common problem that may cause cognitive impairments that complicates a persons abilities to cope with their everyday life and eventual treatment. Lack of meaningfulness and sense of coherense is common when everyday activities are lost. Some people with heavy substance abuse are treated in drug rehab centers, but the variety of activities and results of treatment may vary. Aims: To illuminate what people with experience of drug rehab stays, experienced as meaningful in their treatment in order to better cope with every day life.Methods: Qualitative interviews have been made with ten participants. They were four women and six men aged 24-58 and had had substance abuse between four to 40 years. Participants had spent a total of five months to two years in drug rehab. Interviews were mostly carried through by phone using an interview guide. Interviews have been recorded, transcribed and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Ethical considerations have been taken. Results: The analysis led to five main categories concerning activities, environment, relationships, routines and the transition from treatment to going home. A theme that touches the importance of an individually planned treatment with personal meaningfulness, was identified.Conclusion: It’s important to see to every individual when planning treatment. This way everyone can access activities and support meaningful to them. To encourage clients to be active makes it easier for them to cope with their treatment and stay sober after their stay at drug rehab.

ÖREBRO UNIVERSITY Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences Program of social work Social Work C C-essay in Social Work, 15 credits Autumn term 2013 The family is the only way back home – A qualitative study on staff’s view on family involvement in the treatment of adolescents Authors: Cakici, Nahrin and Claesson, Sandra Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate how the staff at residential treatment centers works to involve the family and the social network in youth’s treatment and how they experience that the involvement affects the young person. The aim is also to study the difficulties the staff experience in their work to involve the family and the social network. In this study, staff from two residential treatment centers in Sweden participated. The study is conducted based in on qualitative method in which four semi-structured telephone interviews and one group interview have been conducted. The result was analyzed using general system theory, attachment theory and social representations. The result shows that family involvement in treatment will have a positive impact on the young person and the treatment. This may facilitate a positive way to move home. The social network has also an impact on the young person, and then as a support during and after treatment. One difficulty for staff to involve the social network is that they must relate to confidentiality laws which may limit the social network’s participation in the treatment. Keywords: residential treatment center, youth, family, social network, involvement, difficulties.

Drogberoende är ett folkhälsoproblem och det flesta känner någon som har ett problematiskt droganvändande, vissa utvecklar sjukdomen andra ligger i riskzonen. Vi anser att brukarperspektivet inom svensk beroendevård får för lite uppmärksamhet, brukarnas upplevelse av en samhällelig intervention bör tillvaratas bättre, detta för att komma till rätta med problematiken. Den här studien syftar således till att undersöka individer som utvecklat ett drogberoende och deras upplevelse av en behandlingsintervention samt hur socialtjänsten i tillhörande kommun varit behjälplig. Informanterna var tio män respektive sex kvinnor i åldern 31-67 och deras gemensamma nämnare är att de erfarit en behandling till följd av deras missbruk. Tillsammans har de genomgått 62 interventioner både inom öppenvården, institutionsvård och frivilligt deltagande på behandlingshem. Interventionerna har ägt rum i olika städer i Sverige. Studien har en kvalitativ metodik och en semistrukturerad intervjuguide har formulerats för att utforska informanternas upplevelse av behandlingen. Empiriskt data har strukturerats tematiskt och analyserats med hjälp av Michael J. Lambert´s Common factors theory. Upplevelsen av en behandlingsintervention uppskattas överlag som en positiv erfarenhet och för en del har det varit existentiellt nödvändigt, trots att de flesta inte håller total avhållsamhet idag. En negativ upplevelse tycks vara förekomsten av att intagna använder droger under behandlingen. Majoriteten av studiens informanter värdesätter att terapeuterna har egna erfarenheter av ett drogberoende. Tvångsvårdande interventioner ringaktades eftersom de upplevdes som paternalistiska och förtryckande. Upplevelsen av öppenvården är en tid som anses som värdefull, antalet informanter med erfarenhet av öppenvården var emellertid låg. Desto fler hade varit iväg på ett behandlingshem och uppskattade miljöombytet. En signifikant andel har tillhandhållits en gruppterapeutisk behandling, vilket upplevs som en positiv terapiform från hälften av urvalet. Ett faktum att hörsamma är att en betydande andel informanter saknade enskilda samtal. De kvinnliga informanterna hade föredragit att interventionerna var mer könssegregerade. Resultatet indikerar även på att socialtjänsten har en del förbättringspunkter inom vissa kommuner. Att nämna är att vissa informanter lovordade sina hemkommuner och upplever sina socialsekreterare som hjälpsamma.

<p>This study examined constructions of horses and means staff working with horses parallel to therapy in institutional care ascribes to horses. A narrative method was used and the theoretical framework was social constructionism. A question was asked to the narratives: How can practice in institutional care be understood through these stories? The result showed different pictures of institutional care. Horses seem to provide a multi-faceted therapeutic tool. Through the horses staff could establish relations built on trust with their clients. The stable-environment and the horses provided healthy recreation and a social competence usable for clients in life. The constructions of horses also seemed related to the means ascribed to them in the daily life of the institution. So far there has been little research about animals in Swedish institutional care. If there are animals in institutions they probably fill some kind of function for social work and therefore the phenomena needs to be further examined. Especially as research claim economical and social benefits in using animals in human health care. Animals have been looked upon as trivial but the academic discipline dealing with relations between animals and humans, anthrozoology, has gained respect and is now considered serious.</p>

This study examined constructions of horses and means staff working with horses parallel to therapy in institutional care ascribes to horses. A narrative method was used and the theoretical framework was social constructionism. A question was asked to the narratives: How can practice in institutional care be understood through these stories? The result showed different pictures of institutional care. Horses seem to provide a multi-faceted therapeutic tool. Through the horses staff could establish relations built on trust with their clients. The stable-environment and the horses provided healthy recreation and a social competence usable for clients in life. The constructions of horses also seemed related to the means ascribed to them in the daily life of the institution. So far there has been little research about animals in Swedish institutional care. If there are animals in institutions they probably fill some kind of function for social work and therefore the phenomena needs to be further examined. Especially as research claim economical and social benefits in using animals in human health care. Animals have been looked upon as trivial but the academic discipline dealing with relations between animals and humans, anthrozoology, has gained respect and is now considered serious.