With billions of sports fans all over the globe, athletes have a considerable platform to advocate for the environment and catalyse behaviour change. The purpose of this paper was to explore the role of leadership in athlete environmental activism. Furthermore, this study aimed to add to the existing literature on pro-environmental behaviour change by investigating the interventions performed by nature-based athletes when encouraging their fans to adopt pro-environmental behaviours. In this paper, a qualitative research design was employed and semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten individuals who were identified as fans of nature-based athletes. The collected data was analysed using deductive thematic analysis, based on the leadership theory of Charismatic Leadership (CL) and the pro-environmental behaviour change theory of Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) Theory. The results indicated that all but one of the Charismatic Leadership Behaviours described in theory were performed by nature-based athletes, the exception being “setting goals with moral overtones.” Moreover, the study deduced that all VBN Interventions detailed in the academic literature were made by nature-based athletes when encouraging pro-environmental behaviour. The analysis process also revealed two additional findings: nature-based athletes mainly communicate their activism through social media and nature-based athletes’ fans want their favoured athletes to incorporate pushing for systemic change in their activism, in addition to encouraging individual behaviour change. Finally, a model was proposed that synthesises the theories of CL Behaviours and VBN Interventions, based on the findings of this study. This study contributes to the literature on pro-environmental behaviour change under the VBN framework and Charismatic Leadership. Additionally, this paper explores the role of leadership in athlete activism and athlete environmental activism, two topics which have not been extensively researched.

Introduction : Un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) peut entraîner de multiples conséquences sur la participation des personnes dans leurs activités de la vie quotidienne, incluant celles qui sont liées à la sexualité. Toutefois, rares sont les individus ayant subi un AVC qui ont l’opportunité d’aborder la sexualité dans le cadre de leur réadaptation, en lien avec de multiples facteurs liés aux clients (ex., gêne), aux cliniciens (ex., manque perçu de connaissances et d’habiletés) et à l’environnement de réadaptation (ex., surcharge, manque d’outils cliniques). Une revue systématique de la littérature a fait ressortir l’effet prometteur des interventions en réadaptation sexuelle de par les huit études interventionnelles qui y ont été incluses. Toutefois, à notre connaissance, peu d’études ont porté sur la création d’une intervention abordant les multiples barrières à l’offre de services en réadaptation sexuelle post-AVC pouvant être implantée dans un contexte réel de réadaptation. Objectifs : L’objectif général de cette thèse était de cocréer un programme multifactoriel pour améliorer les services de réadaptation sexuelle post-AVC au Québec avec des cliniciens, des gestionnaires, des individus ayant subi un AVC, ainsi que de leurs partenaires (si applicable). Méthodes : Cette thèse comprenant trois études a été menée selon une approche de transfert de connaissances intégrée et guidée par les quatre premières étapes de la cartographie des interventions de Bartholomew et al. (2016) en partenariat avec cinq centres de réadaptation post-AVC au Québec. Des méthodes qualitatives et de codesign (ex., adaptation de la méthode LEGO® Serious Play®) ont été utilisées pour répondre aux objectifs. Au total, 20 intervenants, une gestionnaire ainsi que dix individus ayant subi un AVC et partenaires de différentes régions administratives du Québec ont participé à au moins l’une des 11 activités de codesign en ligne qui ont eu lieu d’octobre 2021 à décembre 2022. L’ensemble des activités ont été coanimées, enregistrées et leur contenu a été analysé par thématiques selon le Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), le système Capability, Motivation, Opportunities and Behaviour (COM-B) et la Roue du changement de comportement (Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW)). Résultats : La première étude qualitative décrit 12 grands facteurs interreliés influençant l’offre de services en réadaptation sexuelle, situés au niveau des cliniciens et de l’organisation dans laquelle ils travaillent, ainsi que 11 stratégies visant à outiller les intervenants ou à structurer et enrichir l’environnement de réadaptation pour améliorer les services de réadaptation sexuelle (étape 1 de la cartographie des interventions). La deuxième étude présente une revue de la portée sur les méthodes d’évaluation en réadaptation sexuelle post-AVC qui a fait ressortir de nombreuses méthodes pouvant être utilisées par les professionnels de la réadaptation. La troisième étude qualitative présente la démarche de co-création et le programme, son modèle logique, la matrice de changement anticipé ainsi que des suggestions d’indicateurs de retombées, puis des considérations pour son implantation future dans les programmes de réadaptation post-AVC. Conclusion : Les travaux de recherche composant cette thèse ont permis de faire une synthèse des connaissances sur le sujet de la réadaptation sexuelle post-AVC, de mieux comprendre les facteurs expliquant le manque d’offre de services associés, ainsi que de créer avec les parties prenantes un programme multifactoriel prêt à être implanté dans le futur dans les milieux de réadaptation post-AVC au Québec. / Introduction: A stroke can have multiple consequences on people's participation in their activities of daily living, including those related to sexuality. However, few individuals who have suffered a stroke address sexuality as part of their rehabilitation, in connection with multiple factors related to clients (e.g., embarrassment), clinicians (e.g., lack of perceived knowledge and skills) and the rehabilitation environment (e.g., overload, lack of clinical tools). A systematic review of the literature highlighted the promising effect of sexual rehabilitation interventions through a total of eight intervention studies included in it. However, to our knowledge, few studies have focused on the creation of an intervention addressing the multiple barriers to the offer of post-stroke sexual rehabilitation services that can be implemented in a real rehabilitation context. Objectives: The general objective of this thesis was to co-create a multifactorial program to improve post-stroke sexual rehabilitation services in Quebec with clinicians, managers, individuals who have suffered a stroke, as well as their partners (if applicable). Methods: This thesis comprising three studies was conducted according to an integrated knowledge transfer approach and guided by the first four steps of Bartholomew et al. (2016) in partnership with five post-stroke rehabilitation centers in Quebec. Qualitative and codesign methods (e.g., adaptation of the LEGO® Serious Play ® method) were used to meet the objectives. A total of 20 workers, a manager as well as ten individuals who have suffered a stroke and partners from different administrative regions of Quebec participated in at least one of the 11 online codesign activities that took place from October 2021 to December 2022. All the activities were co-facilitated, recorded and their content analyzed by theme according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), the Capability, Motivation, Opportunities and Behaviour (COM-B) system and the Behavior Change Wheel (Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW)). Results: The first qualitative study describes 12 major interrelated factors influencing the offer of sexual rehabilitation services, located at the level of clinicians and the organization in which they work, as well as 11 strategies aimed at equipping interveners or at structuring and enriching rehabilitation environment to improve sexual rehabilitation services (step 1 of intervention mapping). The second study presents a scoping review of assessment methods in post-stroke sexual rehabilitation that highlighted many methods that can be used by rehabilitation professionals. The third qualitative study presents the co-creation process and the program, its logic model, the matrix of anticipated change as well as suggestions for impact indicators, then considerations for its future implementation in post-stroke rehabilitation programs. Conclusion: The research work making up this thesis has made it possible to synthesize knowledge on the subject of post-stroke sexual rehabilitation, to better understand the factors explaining the lack of supply of associated services, as well as to create with the parties stakeholders a multifactorial program ready to be implemented in the future in post-stroke rehabilitation settings in Quebec.

Une commotion cérébrale liée au sport (CCS) est une lésion cérébrale traumatique dont les athlètes du secondaire sont susceptibles de présenter des symptômes graves en raison de la maturation cognitive pendant l'adolescence. En utilisant le modèle « Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behaviour » (Michie et al., 2011), nous cherchions à comprendre les expériences des étudiants-athlètes d’écoles secondaires et de leurs entraîneurs par rapport aux comportements liés aux CCS. Nous avons mené des entrevues semi-structurées (M = 72 min) avec des athlètes (n = 10), des entraîneurs (n = 4) et des enseignants-entraîneurs (n = 2) d'une école secondaire impliqués dans le hockey sur glace, le basket-ball, le volley-ball et le rugby. Nous avons effectué une analyse dirigée de contenu en utilisant le modèle COM-B. Les athlètes et les entraîneurs ont décrit des expériences ayant eu un impact sur leur capacité à divulguer les symptômes (athlètes) et à gérer correctement la CCS (athlètes et entraîneurs). De plus, les participants ont décrit des facteurs qui ont influencé les opportunités à améliorer les connaissances en matière de CCS (athlètes et entraîneurs), de les déclarer (athlètes), de les gérer correctement (athlètes) et de les identifier (enseignants-entraîneurs). Enfin, les participants ont indiqué leurs motivations pour les décisions concernant le signalement des CCS (athlètes), le retrait du jeu (entraîneurs) et la bonne gestion des CCS (athlètes et entraîneurs). Les résultats de cette étude pourraient aider les chercheurs à intégrer la théorie du changement de comportement pour créer des interventions d'éducation sur les CCS. / Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a traumatic brain injury that has regrettably become prevalent in many contact or collision sports. High school athletes are more vulnerable to experiencing more severe symptomatology compared to adults due to the cognitive maturation that occurs throughout adolescence. Using the Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model, the innermost ring of the Behaviour Change Wheel (Michie et al., 2011), we sought to understand the experiences of high school athletes and coaches with concussion-related behaviours in their sports. We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews (M = 72 min) with high school athletes (n = 10), coaches (n= 4), and teacher-coaches (n= 2) from a rural high school in New Brunswick, who were involved in ice hockey, basketball, volleyball, and rugby. We performed a directed content analysis of the interview transcripts using the COM-B model as pre-determined codes. Athletes and coaches described experiences that we felt impacted their capabilities for symptom disclosure (athletes), and for both athletes and coaches to properly manage SRC. Similarly, we interpreted that opportunities to improve SRC knowledge (athletes and coaches), to report SRC (athletes), to properly manage SRC (athletes) and to identify SRC (teacher-coach) were impacted by factors described in participants’ experiences. Lastly, participants described the motivational factors that impacted their SRC reporting (athletes), removal from play (coaches) and proper SRC management (athletes and coaches) behaviours. The findings from this study will ideally assist future researchers in designing more effective behavioural interventions to improve concussion safety among high school sport participants.

The study comprehensively analysed the impact of primary prevention services for reproductive health in the environment within which the adolescents grow towards life skills ecquisition and positive behavior patterning. The availability, accessibility and the effectiveness of adolescents' accompaniment in Soshanguve Township by certain caregivers were assessed. Unstructured observations, review of documents, questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. The results revealed the least support by parents and churches to accompany the adolescents and the inaccessibility of specialised center to the disadvantaged. The continued lack of knowledge and life-skills perpetuated the onset of reproductive problems. The lack of programmes to equip care providers on how to improve communication during care provision was a major setback. There is a great need for the erection of special care centers for adolescents. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

The objective of this research is to explore the perceptions of rural Samburu women in Kenya with regard to HIV/AIDS in terms of their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and opinions; to examine several HIV/AIDS awareness channels that have been used to communicate HIV/AIDS messages to the Samburu women to determine how effective they have been in effecting behaviour change.This study is an example of how a communication audit can be carried out on a certain sub-group of a community in order to suggest a tailor-made communication strategy in an effort to stop the spread of HIV among the Samburu women. This study is also a confirmation that the prevention strategies that have been in use to communicate to Samburu women have been inadequate and need to be revised to address the knowledge gaps that exist. The study is located within a relatively new field of health communication where health messages are evaluated to determine whether target audiences are receiving these messages and changing their behaviour in order to live healthier lives. This area of study is also supported by behaviour change models such as the Health Belief Model (HBM), the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Cultural Models, and Strategic Communication. A qualitative study was undertaken in 2008 by way of ten focus group discussions with Samburu women and eleven in-depth interviews with professionals who ran HIV/AIDS programmes in the Samburu district. The focus groups were constituted by means of convenience sampling whereas the snowball strategy was utilised for the selection of participants for in-depth interviews. The questioning route for the focus group discussions for the Samburu women was guided by five themes namely: knowledge levels of the women; cultural aspects that made the women vulnerable to HIV/AIDS; beliefs about HIV/AIDS; attitudes towards HIV/AIDS; and the different channels of communication used to convey HIV/AIDS messages. The interview schedule for the professionals consisted of open-ended questions and face-to-face interviews were carried out using this schedule. / Communication Sciences / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)

Title on printed copy differs slightly from ETD. Title on printed copy: A critical analysis of HIV/AIDS policy development and implementation at selected Ugandan universities / The main objectives of the study were to analyse the process involved in HIV/AIDS policy development and implementation at two selected universities in Uganda. The rationale for the study was to describe the policy development process and to identify how such institutional policies can be planned, operationalised, monitored and evaluated. The study used a qualitative approach which involved key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The selected institutions were Makerere University Kampala (MUK)and Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST). The findings show that MUST have a comprehensive HIV/AIDS Institutional Policy (HIP) which followed several stages during policy development. The basic stages identified were policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation and policy evaluation. The findings also show that MUST have a comprehensive implementation plan. In contrast, MUK had no record of the HIV/AIDS institutional policy development process. However, MUK had implemented the policy successfully through the University Hospital and Gender Mainstreaming Division. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)

The objectives of the study were to determine infant and young child feeding (IYCF) knowledge of Household Health Promoters (HHPs) and examine its relationship with demographic characteristics. Quantitative, non-experimental descriptive design was used. Seventy-one randomly selected HHPs participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed that the mean IYCF knowledge score was 77.8% (N=71). The knowledge of the respondents was not uniform across the components of IYCF which ranged between 19.72% for duration of breastfeeding to 100% for colostrums feeding. None of the socio-demographic characteristic was significantly associated to the mean knowledge score. The study identified that refresher training should be provided to the HHPs on IYCF with emphasis on the aspects of IYCF with scores below the mean / Health Studies

This dissertation describes the manner by which a multinational corporation (MNC) enacts a market-based logic with a locally embedded partner in a complex and unfamiliar operating setting to fulfil both business and social objectives. It examines a hybrid partnership between BP, an MNC, and SSP, a rural Indian non-governmental organisation (NGO). Together, the organisations trained rural women, who were affiliated with SSP, as agents to distribute and sell BP’s ‘smokeless’ cookstoves and fuel pellets to households who cook on smoky firewood stoves. The research draws on two theories—neo-institutional organizational theory and real markets theory—to examine the process by which logics are aligned across partners and projected and translated into the rural Indian exchange setting. It constructs a four-actor model (MNC, NGO, agent, customer) to explore the exchange relationships between the actors at the meso- and micro-levels. At the meso-level, it explains how the MNC and NGO’s non-aligned logics, asymmetric power dynamics, and lack of mutual trust contribute to the venture’s failure. In addition, the NGO was so determined to succeed as a professional, market-driven, channel partner that it shed part of its identity as a civil advocacy organisation and adopted mainstream commercial practices that were not sensitive to the needs of its local stakeholders. At the micro-level, the partners did not come to a common understanding with the agents regarding the cultural challenges they faced marketing the stove. Moreover, the marketing strategy glossed over the multi-layered social relationships and culinary, behavioural, and religious practices that needed to be translated for the technology to meet the needs of consumers. Using gritty ethnographic data, the dissertation highlights a challenge that large, foreign companies face when entering ‘Base of the Pyramid’ markets, namely the inconsistency between the MNC’s market logic and the wider associational logics that motivate village agents and customers.

Traffic-related air pollution harms health, so whilst it would be advantageous to improve air quality, the socioeconomic impact of air pollution mitigation in Scotland is not fully understood. Evidence from research literature, current regulatory and policy directives and a socioeconomic analysis are required to assess the true health impact. This thesis presents the first health and socioeconomic analysis of traffic-related air pollution and health for Scotland. A critique of the literature was undertaken to determine the evidence base and the strength of evidence in terms of association and causation, between air pollution and ill health. The evidence was subsequently applied in epidemiological studies of Scottish residents, to assess the actual impact on health in Scotland. The perception of barriers and incentives for change were investigated to understand behavioural influences. Recent policy development in Scotland was reviewed, and a socioeconomic analysis of a proposed air pollution strategy in Scotland, was undertaken. The evidence from 30 cohort studies and nine literature reviews demonstrated a link between poor air quality, mortality and respiratory ill health, but the results for other health conditions were inconsistent. The links were associative rather than causal and therefore might be attributable to other factors other than air pollution. Furthermore, epidemiological studies on Scottish populations did not show health effects from traffic-related air pollution. The socioeconomic analysis suggested that an initial investment of between £27m and £44m to introduce Low Emission Zones (LEZ), and an effective active travel programme, might result in a saving of £38m in terms of Years of Life Lost (YLL) and reduction in sickness absence. It is unlikely that the Clean Air For Scotland Strategy will deliver improved air quality and health without substantial investment, better alignment of planning, and a greater public engagement to support public and active transport options.

Text in English / This study analyses the application of a community based intervention, the Care Group (CG) model, in relief work in Somalia and South Sudan. On the basis of expert interviews and a variety of documents it was researched whether the CG model is applicable to the context mentioned or if adaptations would be necessary. An increase in prolonged crises challenges humanitarian action to adapt relief work to longer-term interventions. The concept of combining the strengths of development cooperation and humanitarian action - Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Development - is looked at in this study. Furthermore, for example, the asset-based community development approach, humanitarian work and characteristics of a protracted crisis were explored as the theoretical back-ground. The findings and the conclusion of this research may provide inputs for other humanitarian NGOs that are working in chronic conflict situations and being confronted with the need to introduce a long-term method for Behaviour Change Communication. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)