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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
511

Exposure to trauma and self-esteem as predictors of normative beliefs about aggression: A study of South African young adults

Wagener, Emma Faye January 2018 (has links)
Magister Artium - MA (Psychology) / Aggressive behaviour is prevalent in the South African context. This is evident in the high rates of interpersonal violence including rape, intimate partner violence and homicide. Young adults appear to be both the main perpetrators and victims of aggressive behaviour. Normative beliefs about aggression have been identified as a central factor underlying aggressive behaviour. Normative beliefs refer to an individual's cognitions about the acceptability of specific behaviours and serve to regulate actions. Despite the identified salience of normative beliefs in influencing aggressive behaviour, limited research has been conducted within South Africa on this topic. This study thus investigated normative beliefs about aggression held by young adults attending university. The study also aims to investigate whether prior exposure to trauma, self-esteem and demographic factors (e.g. age, gender and family size) predicted normative beliefs about aggression. Results indicated that exposure to traumatic events, as well as state self-esteem significantly predicted normative beliefs about aggression. Gender differences were evident in various subscales. Ethical approval to conduct this study was obtained by the Senate Higher Degrees Committee of the University of the Western Cape, as well as the University of the Western Cape registrar.
512

An exploration of Indonesian EFL trainee teachers' beliefs and their teaching practice about facilitating learners' willingness to communicate (WTC)

Sari, F. January 2019 (has links)
The main purpose of this research is to investigate the beliefs of trainee teachers regarding generating English language learners' Willingness to Communicate (WTC), the relationship between their beliefs and practice and the influence of teaching practicum to their beliefs. This study took place in the Indonesian context in which EFL trainee teachers' belief-practice relationships regarding learners' WTC is still an understudied domain. Thus, this study was designed to fill this gap in current research. Three Indonesian EFL trainee teachers participated in this study during their teaching practicum. The study is within an Interpretive paradigm and utilizes a case study approach. Methods of data collection included classroom observation and semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that trainee teachers' learning experience significantly influenced their beliefs and governed their teaching. Some of the trainee teachers' beliefs were clearly manifested in their actual teaching (e.g. using explicit approaches particularly in teaching grammar). Other beliefs (e.g. creating interactive classroom activities) were not demonstrated. Several intrinsic factors such as trainee teachers' English proficiency level and confidence, and extrinsic factors such as large class size and students' responses were found to affect the relationship between trainee teachers' beliefs and practice. Most of their beliefs (e.g. learners' language knowledge as the key factor to communicate in English) remained unchanged after the practicum. Other beliefs, such as the need to use English and BI proportionally were not enacted in their teaching practice during the classroom observations. This study provides important implications for initial English language teacher education programmes, teacher professional development and for the field of teacher cognition and WTC.
513

O que crer (não) quer dizer: multiplicidade de vozes na manifestação de crenças e estereótipos de estudantes de tradução de língua espanhola / What to think about (doesn\'t) means: multiplicity of voices in the manifestation of beliefs and stereotypes of students from spanish language translation

Simão, Angélica Karim Garcia 23 March 2009 (has links)
Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram fazer um levantamento das crenças de estudantes de tradução em formação e estabelecer até que ponto o compartilhamento de tais crenças pelo grupo configurou estereótipos sobre a tradução da língua espanhola por estudantes brasileiros. Para tanto, partimos de algumas hipóteses formuladas sobre as supostas crenças de estudantes de tradução e a relação com o contexto no qual se inserem. A análise fundamentou-se tanto no conteúdo das crenças e estereótipos, como na forma como eles foram manifestados nos enunciados presentes na amostra analisada, compondo uma análise semântica e sintático-enunciativa. Os diferentes níveis de análise apoiaram-se em trabalhos da Lingüística Aplicada, na Psicologia Social e na Teoria da Enunciação, e permitiram identificar um modo sintático-enunciativo marcado por contornos e contradições, que evitou a afirmação direta, caracterizando um modo de dizer marcadamente polifônico. Do ponto de vista semântico, pode-se confirmar algumas das hipóteses levantadas inicialmente ao observar a presença de crenças compartilhadas, que podem ser consideradas como estereótipos sobre a tradução da língua espanhola, destacando-se fortemente dois deles: a proximidade entre as línguas portuguesa e espanhola, responsável pela suposta facilidade do idioma para o tradutor brasileiro, e a projeção de um mercado de trabalho promissor em função do desenvolvimento do MERCOSUL. As crenças e estereótipos foram discutidos à luz das relações estabelecidas com o contexto do qual emergiram, considerando aspectos relacionados ao mercado de trabalho para o tradutor, as características implicadas no currículo do curso de Tradução e a situação do MERCOSUL, desde o seu surgimento, até o momento atual. Os dados, coletados por meio de 2 questionários, pautaram-se em duas técnicas de coleta específicas (substituição e descontextualização normativa) e foram extraídos de um contexto de ensino de tradução de nível superior público. / The purposes of this research were to map some of the translation students beliefs and to establish the extent to which sharing these beliefs within the group meant stereotypes about Spanish translation by Brazilian students. Hypotheses about students alleged beliefs and their relationship with the context were formulated. The data were based on the beliefs and stereotypes content as well as on the way they were stated, which constitutes an argumentative, semantic and syntactic analysis. The different levels of analysis were supported by works on Applied Linguistics, Social Psychology and Argumentation Theory. They allowed the identification of a syntactic argumentative way stressed by oscillations and contradictions that avoided direct statements, characterizing a polyphonic way of saying. On the semantic point of view, some hypotheses were confirmed as the presence of shared beliefs that can be considered stereotypes about Spanish translation. Two of them should be stressed: the proximity of Portuguese and Spanish, responsible for the alleged simplicity of the language for Brazilian translators and the prospective work market because of MERCOSUL. The beliefs and stereotypes were discussed focusing on the relationships with the context they occurred. Work market aspects for the translator, the characteristics implied in Translation syllabus and MERCOSUL situation from its beginning until present were taken into account. Data were two surveys developed by specific techniques (substitution and normative decontextualization) and were placed at a public university context.
514

Conhecimentos, crenças e práticas em relação à dengue / Knowledge, beliefs and practices regarding dengue

Alves, Adorama Candido 02 February 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O desenvolvimento de uma melhor compreensão dos conhecimentos e práticas sobre a dengue é essencial para o planejamento de programas e políticas públicas de prevenção da doença. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar o conhecimento de usuários de serviços da atenção primária, residentes na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, sobre a dengue e seu vetor (transmissão, sintomas, prevenção e tratamento), a fonte de informações, práticas, as associações entre os conhecimentos e as crenças para a profilaxia e terapêutica da doença. MÉTODOS: Esse estudo transversal de inquéritos com amostra de 605 habitantes de Ribeirão Preto foi desenvolvido após uma grande epidemia de dengue em 2013. Os respondentes foram convidados a participar do estudo enquanto aguardavam atendimento médico nas unidades de saúde. RESULTADOS: A principal fonte de informação sobre a dengue foi a televisão (87,8%). O sintoma mais citado da doença foi a febre. Apenas 10,4% dos respondentes usam repelentes regularmente para prevenção da dengue. Quando mostrada imagens de oito diferentes espécies de insetos, 65,7% dos participantes conseguiram identificar corretamente o vetor da doença. Essa percentagem foi maior entre participantes mais jovens e com maiores níveis de escolaridade. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados apresentados nesse trabalho são semelhantes aos descritos na literatura e reforçam a importância de programas de educação em saúde, da constante promoção de campanhas educacionais pela mídia, do papel da televisão como fonte de informação e de se motivar a população no controle do vetor / INTRODUCTION: Developing a better understanding of the knowledge and practices about dengue is essential to planning programs and public policies about the prevention of the disease. This research aimed to investigate the knowledge of users of primary health care services, living in Ribeirão Preto city, about dengue and its vector (transmission, symptoms, prevention and treatment), the source of the information, practices, and their associations with the knowledge and beliefs for the prophylaxis and treatment of disease. METHODS: This cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a sample of 605 people living in Ribeirão Preto was conducted following a major dengue outbreak in 2013. The respondents were invited to participate in the study at the time when they were waiting for medical attendance in the health units. RESULTS: The main source of information about dengue was from the television (87.8%). Fever was cited as the most common symptom of the disease. Only 10.4% of the respondents use mosquito repellent regularly to prevent dengue. When shown images of different species of insects, 65.7% of the participants were able to identify correctly the vector of the disease. This percentage is larger among younger participants with higher levels of education. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented in this research are similar to those described by other authors cited here and reinforce the relevance of health education programs, the constant promotion of educational campaigns in the media, the role of the television as a source of information and the importance of motivating the population to control the vector
515

Incorporando papéis: uma leitura psicossocial do fenômeno da mediunidade de incorporação em médiuns de umbanda / Incorporating roles: the psychosocial dimension of the embodiment of spirits among Umbanda mediums

Zangari, Wellington 22 August 2003 (has links)
Estuda a mediunidade de incorporação entre médiuns de Umbanda em sua dimensão psicossocial, a partir da teoria de papéis proposta por Hjalmar Sundén. Os Ss são 12 médiuns de incorporação, entre 16 e 61 anos de idade, 11 do sexo feminino e 1 do sexo masculino, do Templo Espírita de Umbanda Xangô Agodô, situado na cidade de São Paulo. Os médiuns passam por entrevistas semi-dirigidas e são observados durante rituais de incorporação. Com o objetivo de reconhecer a cultura do grupo ao qual pertencem, realizam-se, ainda, entrevistas informais com pessoas não médiuns que também participam regularmente das atividades do referido templo. Apresenta um modelo interpretativo interdisciplinar da mediunidade de incorporação, considerando: a) a importância da dimensão grupal ampla, da dimensão social dos grupos e da dimensão individual, e da relação entre estas dimensões para a compreensão da mediunidade de incorporação; b) a importância da linguagem, em sentido amplo, como meio de interação social necessário para a existência e manutenção da mediunidade de incorporação; c) o processo de construção tanto social quanto individual da mediunidade de incorporação; d) o processo de adoção e assumição de papéis por parte dos médiuns de incorporação; e) a função social da mediunidade de incorporação; e f) os possíveis ganhos psicológicos por parte dos médiuns de incorporação. Conclui que a mediunidade de incorporação pode , ser compreendida como um papel social complexo em queestão em jogo tanto elementos sociais quanto individuais em que as entidades incorporadas são consideradas como constructos psicossociais e, assim, os médiuns são, ao mesmo tempo, seus intérpretes e coautores / This dissertation analyses the psychosocial dimension of mediumship related to the embodiment of spirits, from the point of view of Hjalmar Sundén\'s Role Theory. The subjects studied were 12 Umbanda mediums, 11 of whom were female and 1 male, between 16 and 61 years-of-age, all participants of the Spiritist Temple of Umbanda Xangô Agodô, in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The mediums were submitted to semioriented interviews and were observed during the rituals in which they claimed to incorporate spirits. In order to examine cultural aspects of their social group, other subjects who were not mediums but who participated regularly in the activities of that temple were informally interviewed. An interdisciplinary interpretative model of \"incorporative\" mediumship is presented which considers the following points: (a) the importante of the wider group dimension, the social dimension of small groups, of the individual dimension, and of the relationships established between these dimensions to an understond of \"incorporative\" mediumship; (b) the importante of language - considered in its broadest sense - as a way of social interaction which is necessary to the existente and maintenance of \"incorporative\" mediumship; (c) the process of social and individual construcion of \"incorporative\" mediumship; (d) the process of roletaking and role-adopting by \"embodiment\" mediums; (e) the social function of \"incorporative\" mediumship; and (f) the possible psychological benefitsobtained by \"incorporative\" mediums from their mediumship. It is concluded that mediumship which includes the embodiment of \"spirits\" can be understood as a complex social role that is comprised of both social and individual elements. The \"incorporated\" entities are considered to be psychosocial consctructs, therefore the mediums are, at the same time, their interpreters and their co-authors
516

UNDERSTANDING PERCEPTIONS AND BELIEFS BIOCHEMISTRY INSTRUCTORS HOLD AND THE INFLUENCE THESE FACTORS HAVE ON THEIR PERSONAL STYLE OF TEACHING

Franziska K. Lang (5929922) 03 January 2019 (has links)
Research investigating faculty and instructors’ perception of teaching in discipline oriented fields such as biology, chemistry and physics suggest that faculty hold diverse <br>conceptions about teaching and learning. This study extended this work to a discipline at the interface between traditional physical science and life science fields, upper-level biochemistry courses. It also compared instructors’ perception, beliefs and actions when teaching biochemistry at research institutions with courses taught at primarily <br>undergraduate institutions (PUI’s). In a recently completed review of discipline-based educational research (DBER) in <br>biochemistry, I noted the absence of research regarding the relationship between faculty beliefs and classroom practices in biochemistry and noted that different levels, associated <br>with teaching and learning experiences, have not been studied in the context of the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. As a scientific field, biochemistry bridges chemistry and biology, which each have a consensus regarding the major concepts or ideas that should <br>be taught within their disciplines. However, biochemistry, despite its increased relevance in recent years, has achieved hardly any consensus among those who teach this content material on what should be taught or how instructors should teach it. Biochemistry is also a rapidly growing field with increased relevance that is being taught as a unique discipline in more and more institutions. Another unique feature that distinguishes biochemistry from other scientific fields is that it is inherently interdisciplinary and taught in different departments, often for a versatile population of various majors and minors. Further research suggests that we overgeneralize conclusions on factors influencing teaching practices within classrooms, which could possible prevent the advancement of teaching methodologies used by instructors. To explore this research interest, classroom <br>observations and semi-structured interviews were used. <br>Within the scope of this study, I identified two main ways biochemistry instructors thought about their teaching of biochemistry: theory versus practice-oriented. The more <br>theory-driven instructors reflected on their beliefs and perceptions, the more traditional their teaching practices were executed – the contrary held true for instructors with a more practical conception of the teaching of biochemistry. Overall, I was able to portray a multitude of ways in which biochemistry is currently being taught at different institutions, <br>identifying differences and communalities they shared. As well as the unique challenges instructors faced when implementing evidence-based teaching methodologies in their classrooms were identified and categorized. My research should improve the understanding of factors, barriers, and possible opportunities that various scientific <br>disciplines face to inform the development of professional programs that can encourage the use and implementation of evidence-based instructional practices.
517

Crenças e conhecimento de pais e profissionais de saúde sobre desenvolvimento de crianças com síndrome de Down até dois anos de idade / Beliefs and knowledge of parents and health professionals about development of children with Down syndrome up to two years of age

Aline Melo de Aguiar 04 May 2010 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo apoia-se na abordagem sociocultural, em uma perspectiva interacionista da relação biologia cultura, beneficiando-se também do olhar da psicologia evolucionista para os fenômenos humanos. Estas abordagens, a partir de uma visão do homem como biologicamente cultural fazem-se relevantes para o estudo de crenças e conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento de crianças com síndrome de Down (SD). Esta síndrome tem prevalência de um a cada 700 nascimentos, não importando classe social, racial ou local de nascimento dos pais, ou seja, é universal. A revisão da literatura revelou uma carência de estudos psicológicos sobre o contexto de desenvolvimento dessas crianças, inclusive as crenças de seus cuidadores e de profissionais de saúde. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar crenças e conhecimento de dois grupos (pais e profissionais de saúde) sobre o desenvolvimento de crianças com síndrome de Down até dois anos de idade no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Participaram da pesquisa 101 pessoas sendo 60 pais com filhos de até oito anos com síndrome de Down e 41 profissionais de saúde, médicos ou residentes do Instituto Fernandes Figueira, IFF/Fiocruz. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário com duas perguntas abertas sobre crenças sobre síndrome de Down que foram respondidas livremente pelos participantes; inventário sobre concepção de desenvolvimento infantil (ICDI); inventário sobre conhecimento de desenvolvimento infantil (KIDI) modificado, adaptado para crianças com síndrome de Down. Os dados foram analisados em aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos. A aplicação dos instrumentos foi realizada individualmente, em local conveniente para o participante ou no IFF/Fiocruz e após a assinatura do termo de consentimento. Os dados dos três instrumentos foram tratados e reduzidos. As respostas ao instrumento de crenças foram organizadas em categorias e comparadas. Escores nas diferentes subescalas do ICDI foram calculados e, em cada grupo (pais e profissionais) analisaram-se as concepções sobre desenvolvimento predominantes, estabelecendo-se comparações entre eles. Escores nas diferentes partes do KIDI foram ainda calculados (porcentagem de acertos). Foram feitas comparações intra e entre grupos. Os resultados foram tratados em cada um dos aspectos: crenças sobre SD, concepções e conhecimento sobre desenvolvimento. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as crenças dos pais estão distribuídas em oito categorias com três focos distintos (na criança, nos pais ou nos dois) e a dos profissionais em nove categorias, também, com três focos distintos (na SD, no médico e na criança e família). O resultado obtido no ICDI indica que os participantes valorizam mais as concepções de aprendizagem e interacionismo do que de maturação e que não há diferença significativa entre os grupos. Para o KIDI observou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos tanto no resultado geral de percentual de acertos como nos resultados em cada subescala. Espera-se que os resultados obtidos possam contribuir para a literatura sobre psicologia do desenvolvimento e síndrome de Down. / This study is based on the sociocultural approach in an interactive perspective about the relationship between culture and biology. It also benefits from the evolutionary psychology view on human phenomena. These approaches, based on the understanding of men as biologically cultural, are relevant to the study of beliefs and knowledge regarding the development of children with Down Syndrome (DS). This syndrome occurs in one in every 700 briths, regardless of social class, race or parents place of birth, that is, it is a universal phenomenon. Literature review had demonstrated a lack of psychological studies on the developmental context of these children, including caretakers and health professionals beliefs. Hence, the goal of the present study was to investigate beliefs and knowledge of two groups (parents and health professionals) regarding the development of children with Down syndrome up to two years-old in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Participants in the study were 101 people - 60 parents of children with Down syndrom aged up to eight years-old, and 41 health professionals, doctors or residents in Fernandes Figueira Institute (IFF/Fiocruz). The following instruments were used: one questionnaire with two open questions regarding beliefs about Down syndrome, which were freely answered by the participants; the inventory on child development conceptions (ICDI), and the inventory on knowledge about child development (KIDI), transformed and adapted for children with Down syndrome. Data was analyzed in its both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The application of instruments was done individually, in a convenient place for the participants or in IFF/Fiocruz, and after they had signed the informed consent. Data on the three instruments was treated and reduced. Answers in the beliefs instrument were organized in categories and compared. Scores in the different ICDI subscales were calculated and, for each group (parents and professionals), predominant conceptions regarding development were analyzed and compared. Scores in the different sections of KIDI were calculated (percentage of right answers). Intra and inter-group comparisons were performed. Results were treated in each of the following aspects: beliefs about DS, conceptions and knowledge about development. Results show that parents beliefs are distributed in eight categories with distinct foci (on child, parents or on both). In turn, professionals beliefs are distributed in nine categories, also with three distinct foci (on DS, doctor, or on child and family). The result found in ICDI indicates that participants value more conceptions of learning and interactionism than conceptions of maturation, and that there is no significant difference between the groups. As for the KIDI, it was observed a significant difference between the groups, both in the overall result of right answers percentage and in the results of each subscale. It is expected that the obtained results contribute to the literature in developmental psychology and Down syndrome.
518

The beliefs of students of the FACED / UFC pedagogy course on good teacher and initial formation / As crenÃas de discentes do curso de pedagogia da FACED/UFC sobre o bom professor e a formaÃÃo inicial

Talita Almeida Rodrigues 17 July 2017 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Durante a trajetÃria escolar e/ou acadÃmica, muitos professores passam pela vida dos alunos. Com suas prÃticas e atitudes, com os relacionamentos estabelecidos, marcam positiva ou negativamente a vida desses sujeitos. Desse modo, ao longo dos anos, vÃo se sedimentando as crenÃas que os discentes possuem acerca dos bons professores. Que atitudes e prÃticas se destacam? O que caracteriza o fazer pedagÃgico desses professores? Como o estudo sobre essas questÃes pode contribuir para reflexÃes crÃticas e novos direcionamentos para a FormaÃÃo Inicial de Professores? Partindo de pontos inquietantes como esses, esta pesquisa guiou-se por meio do seguinte objetivo geral: compreender as crenÃas dos discentes do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, sobre o âbom professorâ, descrevendo-as e relacionando-as com a formaÃÃo inicial. Este, por sua vez, desdobrando-se nos seguintes objetivos especÃficos: evidenciar a importÃncia que as crenÃas docentes possuem em relaÃÃo ao trabalho que desenvolvem; descrever as concepÃÃes predominantes sobre o bom professor no pensamento pedagÃgico brasileiro; refletir sobre a Pedagogia e suas problemÃticas, explicitando os saberes que compÃem a formaÃÃo docente; apresentar as crenÃas sobre o bom professor, compreendendo e descrevendo a visÃo de graduandos no curso de Pedagogia sobre as caracterÃsticas inerentes a esse profissional, estabelecendo diÃlogo constante com a formaÃÃo inicial de professores, seus desafios e dilemas. O interesse pelo estudo das crenÃas dos discentes em relaÃÃo ao bom professor tem um de seus alicerces na compreensÃo, juntamente com Soares (2005), Soares e Bejarano (2008), Arroyo (2013), Gay (1995), de que tais concepÃÃes influenciam e balizam as prÃticas docentes. Tais crenÃas tÃm suas fundaÃÃes, muitas vezes, durante os longos anos da escolarizaÃÃo bÃsica. Para a realizaÃÃo deste estudo, utilizou-se o referencial de Hume (2004; 2004), Bourdieu (2015) e Thugendat (1982), para tratar sobre a formaÃÃo da crenÃa na mente humana, de modo que este conceito pudesse ser percebido transposto do campo religioso. Os pressupostos metodolÃgicos da pesquisa estÃo calcados no Materialismo HistÃrico-DialÃtico (PAULO NETO, 2011; TRIVIÃOS, 2013), com abordagem qualitativa. Referida investigaÃÃo foi realizada com alunos do curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de EducaÃÃo da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. O procedimento metodolÃgico para a geraÃÃo dos dados se deu com a realizaÃÃo de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os mÃtodos adotados para o manuseio dos dados foram a AnÃlise do Discurso (MAINGUENEAU, 2015) e AnÃlise de ConteÃdo (BARDIN, 2016). O segundo teve sua importÃncia vinculada à formaÃÃo das categorias. Com suporte no estudo sobre o material produzido por intermÃdio das entrevistas realizadas, foi possÃvel chegar as seguintes categorias: Bons professores sÃo realizadores da humana docÃncia; Articulam saberes; Aliam teoria e prÃtica; SÃo realizadores de prÃxis; Possuem vasta metodologia; SÃo agentes polÃticos; Se percebem na condiÃÃo de eternos aprendizes; Compreendem a profissionalizaÃÃo docente; TÃm afeto pelo trabalho que realizam; e Espelham-se em bons professores que jà possuÃram. Com a origem nas crenÃas, entÃo, foram feitas relaÃÃes e reflexÃes quanto à formaÃÃo inicial de professores, na busca pela compreensÃo de algumas de suas problemÃticas, tendo sido possÃvel pensar caminhos e reafirmar concepÃÃes. Com isso, esta pesquisa pontua como tessituras finais, nÃo apenas, as crenÃas, como tambÃm os seus achados, e, na mesma medida, a conclusÃo de que bons professores possuem uma diversidade de saberes e fazeres docentes, o que nÃo quer dizer que esses profissionais podem ser percebidos como um todo harmonioso. Nesse mote, destaca, tambÃm, que as crenÃas quanto ao bom professor dialogam com uma gama de outras crenÃas e questÃes, reverberando no entendimento de que esse ramo do saber interage com a concepÃÃo que se tem em relaÃÃo à escola, à EducaÃÃo, ao ofÃcio docente, ao ensino, à aprendizagem, entre outros, influenciando as aÃÃes, atitudes e direcionamentos que, cotidianamente, sustentam a prÃtica pedagÃgica. / During the academic trajectory many teachers pass through students' lives with their practices and postures establishing relationships changing positively or negatively the lives of these students. So, over the years, the beliefs that the students have about the good teachers are settled. What standpoints and practices stand out? What characterizes the pedagogical doing of these teachers? How can the study of these questions contribute to critical reflections and new directions for Initial teacher formation? Based on disturbing questions such as these, this research was guided by the following general objective: To understand the beliefs of Pedagogy course students from Federal University of CearÃ, about the "good teacher", describing and relating them to their initial formation. This, in turn, unfolding in the following specific objectives: to highlight the importance that teaching beliefs have in relation to the work that they develop; Describe the predominant conceptions about the good teacher in Brazilian pedagogical thinking; Reflecting on Pedagogy and its problems, explaining the knowledge that make up teacher education; Presenting the beliefs about the "good teacher", understanding and describing the vision of undergraduates in the course of Pedagogy on the characteristics inherent to this professional. Also establishing a constant dialogue with the initial formation of teachers, their challenges and dilemmas. The interest in the study of students' beliefs that the good teacher has his/her foundations in understanding, along with Soares (2005), Soares and Bejarano (2008), Arroyo (2013) and Gay (1995) And change the teaching practices. Such beliefs have their foundations, often, during the long years of basic schooling. For this study, the reference of Hume (2004; 2004), Bourdieu (2015) and Thugendat (1982) was used to deal with the formation of belief in the human mind, so that this concept could be perceived beyond Religious field. The methodological assumptions of the research are based on the Historical-Dialectical Materialism (PAULO NETO, 2011; TRIVIÃOS, 2013), with a qualitative approach. This research was carried out with students of the Pedagogy course of the Faculty of Education of the Federal University of CearÃ. The methodological procedure for the generation of the data occurred with the accomplishment of semistructured interviews. The methods adopted for data manipulation were Discourse Analysis (MAINGUENEAU, 2015) and Content Analysis (BARDIN, 2016). This last one, having its importance linked to the process of formation of the categories. From the study on the material produced through the interviews conducted, it was possible to arrive at the following categories: good teachers are directors of human teaching; Articulate knowledge; Theory and practice; Are practitioners of praxis; Have a broad methodology; Are political agents; Perceive themselves in the condition of eternal apprentices; Professorship; Have affection for the work they do and are mirrored in good teachers they have already had. From the beliefs, then, relationships and reflections were made regarding the initial formation of teachers, in the search for the understanding of some of their problems, and it was possible to think ways and reaffirm conceptions. Thus, this research points to the conclusion that good teachers have a diversity of knowledges and professorships, which is not noticed that these professionals can be perceived as a harmonious whole. In this context, he also emphasizes that beliefs about the good teacher interact with a range of other beliefs and questions, reverberating in the understanding that this branch of knowledge interacts with the conception that one has ab outschool, education, teaching, learning, among others, end up influencing the actions, postures and directions that daily support pedagogical practice.
519

Evolução das crenças de licenciandos relacionadas ao ensino, à aprendizagem e à motivação - um estudo de caso do contexto do PIBID - física / Evolução das crenças de licenciandos relacionadas ao ensino, à aprendizagem e à motivação - um estudo de caso do contexto do PIBID - física

Ozório Saturnino Barbosa Neto 10 November 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada no âmbito do PIBID-Física da USP entre os anos de 2014 e 2015. Trata-se de uma observação participante que teve o objetivo principal de identificar o que quatro licenciandos pensavam em relação à motivação dos alunos. De que forma eles levam em conta essa questão? Além disso, identificamos suas crenças sobre ensino e aprendizagem, procurando indícios de uma evolução nessas crenças durante o período em que eles participaram do grupo assim como se há relação entre elas. Nosso trabalho de observação buscou acompanhar todas as reuniões de grupo realizadas no período, gravando o áudio de cada uma delas. Utilizamos como dados suas declarações diretas, relatórios, análises e discussões ocorridas ao longo dessas reuniões. Também realizamos uma entrevista semiestruturada com cada um dos sujeitos. Através dos resultados concluímos que há relação entre as suas crenças de ensino e aprendizagem com as motivacionais. O nível de desafio oferecido pelo contexto onde os licenciandos desenvolvem sua prática é um ponto importante para a evolução de suas crenças, assim como a reflexão do trabalho desenvolvido pelos licenciandos ao longo das reuniões. Ademais os professores supervisores têm papel importante em relação a essa evolução, assim como as disciplinas cursadas pelos licenciandos. / This paper presents the results of a research carried out within the framework of the PIBID-Physics of USP between the years 2014 and 2015. It is a participant observation that had the main objective of identifying what four licensees thought about the motivation of the students . How do they take this issue into account? In addition, we identify their beliefs about teaching and learning, looking for evidence of an evolution in these beliefs during the period in which they participated in the group as well as whether there is a relationship between them. We use as data your direct statements, reports, analyzes and discussions that have occurred throughout the meetings of the group. We also conducted a semi-structured interview with each of the subjects. Through the results, we conclude that there is a relationship between their teaching and learning beliefs and their motivational beliefs. Supervisory teachers have an important role in relation to evolution, as do the courses taught by the licenciandos.
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DoenÃa de feitiÃo, aÃÃes terapÃuticas e os percursos de cura nos terreiros de umbanda e candomblà em MacapÃ-AP. / Spell disease, therapeutic actions and healing pathways in umbanda and candomblà terrariums in MacapÃ-AP.

Maria da ConceiÃÃo da Silva Cordeiro 20 December 2016 (has links)
nÃo hà / Esta etnografia trata de uma modalidade de adoecimento fÃsico-psÃquico conhecido como doenÃa de feitiÃo. Tem por objetivo compreender a dinÃmica desse modo de adoecer a partir das narrativas de pessoas que se dizem afetadas por esse mal e de que modo os curandeiros concebem e tratam a doenÃa a partir de suas experiÃncias espirituais de acordo com uma lÃgica prÃpria centrada nos terreiros de umbanda e candomblà na cidade de MacapÃ-AP. Proponho uma anÃlise das diversas formas de manifestaÃÃo desse fenÃmeno tomando como chave de leitura analÃtica a concepÃÃo cosmolÃgica do universo amazÃnico seus itinerÃrios terapÃuticos e os tipos de rituais de cura acionados no decorrer do tratamento. O material etnogrÃfico aqui descrito e analisado foi obtido durante a pesquisa de campo (entrevistas em profundidade e observaÃÃo participante) no perÃodo entre 2013 e 2015 na cidade de MacapÃ- AP. Verifica-se que a crenÃa no feitiÃo està no cerne de um sistema cosmolÃgico que admite a atuaÃÃo de forÃas ocultas em suas diferentes formas de agir na vida cotidiana individual ou coletiva. Meus dados etnogrÃficos indicam que o feitiÃo à uma crenÃa reguladora da vida amazÃnica e que mesmo diante das demandas da vida moderna impelida pela racionalidade mÃdico-cientifica seu poder de interferÃncia no cotidiano à gerido pela crenÃa na existÃncia de doenÃas nÃo naturais nÃo explicadas pela ciÃncia mÃdica. NÃo obstante o intenso fluxo de informaÃÃes preventivas e a implementaÃÃo de modelos curativos e de cuidados em saÃde capazes de responder Ãs diversas doenÃas presente da vida moderna nÃo foram suficientes para suprimir as ideias e os valores culturais desses indivÃduos que adotam as concepÃÃes e prÃticas tradicionais de cura associadas ou nÃo aos novos mÃtodos mesmo no contexto urbano / This ethnography deals with a form of physical-psychic illness known as spell disease. Its purpose is to understand the dynamics of this way of getting sick from the narratives of people who are said to be affected by this evil and how the healers conceive and treat the disease from their spiritual experiences according to their own logic centered in the terreiros of Umbanda and candomblà in the city of MacapÃ-AP. I propose an analysis of the various forms of manifestation of this phenomenon taking as a key analytical reading the cosmological conception of the Amazonian universe its therapeutic itineraries and the types of healing rituals triggered during the treatment. The ethnographic material described and analyzed here was obtained during field research (in-depth interviews and participant observation) in the period between 2013 and 2015 in the city of MacapÃ-AP. It turns out that belief in the spell is at the core of a cosmological system that admits the performance of hidden forces in their different ways of acting in daily life individual or collective. My ethnographic data indicate that the spell is a regulating belief in Amazonian life and that even in the face of the demands of modern life impelled by medical-scientific rationality, its power of interference in daily life is governed by the belief in the existence of unnatural diseases not explained by medical science . Despite the intense flow of preventive information and the implementation of curative and health care models capable of responding to the various diseases present in modern life they were not enough to suppress the ideas and cultural values &#8203;&#8203;of these individuals adopting the traditional

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