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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
521

Gênero e crenças religiosas: sentidos da docência entre professoras do ensino fundamental I / Gender and religious beliefs: meanings of teaching profession among elementary school teachers

Ana Maria Capitanio 20 March 2014 (has links)
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender os significados das crenças religiosas e do gênero incorporados às práticas pedagógicas de professoras do ensino fundamental I e como esses significados interferiram na escolha e permanência na docência. As crenças religiosas e o gênero foram tomados como algumas das estruturas que produziam significados, interferindo nos modos de agir e pensar das professoras. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma Escola Municipal de Ensino Básico (EMEB) da Região do Grande ABC paulista. Foi realizado por meio da metodologia qualitativa tendo como abordagem o estudo de caso. Buscou-se realizá-la à luz da perspectiva etnográfica, utilizando-se de observações e de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O grupo estudado foi composto por cinco professoras do ensino fundamental I. Duas delas pertenciam à religião católica, duas eram evangélicas e uma se considerava espiritualista. Três temas foram destacados após o campo: a busca do controle sobre comportamentos considerados inadequados (indisciplina e violência) de meninos e meninas e o autocontrole das professoras; idealizações e cobranças às famílias: família ideal e família real e, a escolha e permanência na docência: da submissão à missão. Gênero e crenças religiosas produziram significados que perpassaram as atitudes e comportamentos nos processos de interações sociais e nas práticas pedagógicas das professoras. Essas práticas apontaram para a busca de sentidos da docência diante de condições adversas com que se deparavam no dia-a-dia escolar. Além disso, gênero e crenças religiosas, ao produzirem significados, mostraram-se como alguns dos elementos que interferiram na escolha e justificaram a permanência na docência. / This research aimed to understand the meanings of religious beliefs and gender incorporated into the pedagogical practices of teachers of elementary school, and how these meanings influenced the choice and permanence in teaching. Religious beliefs and gender were taken as some of the structures producing meanings, interfering modes of acting and thinking of teachers. The study was conducted in a Municipal Basic School of the ABC region in São Paulo state. It was conducted through qualitative methodology. We attempted to perform it in the light of the ethnographic approach, using observations and semi-structured interviews. The group of study was composed of five elementary school teachers. Two of them were Catholic, two Protestant and one Spiritualist. Three themes were highlighted after the field study: the attempt to control inappropriate behavior (indiscipline and violence) of boys and girls, and teachers self-control; idealizations and family accountability ideal/real family ; and the choice and stay in teaching from submission to mission. The study revealed that gender and religious beliefs produced meanings that permeate attitude and behaviors in processes of social interactions and in the teachers pedagogical practices. Those practices point to the search of directions facing the school everyday adverse conditions. Furthermore, when gender and religious beliefs produced meanings they were revealed as being some of the elements that have influenced the choice and justified staying in teaching.
522

AvaliaÃÃo da intenÃÃo de uso do preservativo entre adolescentes participantes e nÃo participantes de projetos educativos nas escolas / Evaluation of the intent in using condoms among adolescents participating or non-participating in educational projects at school

Simone Helena dos Santos Oliveira 23 April 2009 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Ante a complexidade da problemÃtica da AIDS entre adolescentes e percebendo o uso do preservativo como um comportamento de essencial importÃncia para a sua prevenÃÃo, foi realizada a presente investigaÃÃo, que teve como objetivo geral avaliar a intenÃÃo comportamental de uso do preservativo durante as relaÃÃes sexuais e os seus determinantes entre adolescentes participantes e nÃo participantes de aÃÃes educativas em saÃde no ambiente escolar, que envolvam aspectos preventivos à AIDS. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, que utilizou como embasamento teÃrico-metodolÃgico a Theory of Reasoned Action â TRA. Foi realizada em duas escolas pÃblicas, localizadas em JoÃo Pessoa-PB, junto a adolescentes de treze a dezenove anos, de ambos os sexos, da 8 sÃrie do nÃvel fundamental ao 3 ano do nÃvel mÃdio. O seu desenvolvimento ocorreu em duas etapas. Na primeira, foi aplicado um questionÃrio para o levantamento das crenÃas modais salientes (N=95). Na segunda, aplicou-se um questionÃrio construÃdo a partir das crenÃas identificadas, constituÃdo por escalas tipo Likert (N=566). Os dados foram analisados a partir da frequÃncia, mÃdia, desvio padrÃo, coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, Teste t-Student, coeficientes de correlaÃÃes r de Pearson e regressÃo mÃltipla por etapas. Na primeira etapa, prevenÃÃo das DSTs, da gravidez e da AIDS foram as crenÃas comportamentais identificadas em ambas as escolas, nÃo havendo diferenÃa significativa entre estas. IncÃmodo, diminuiÃÃo do prazer e risco de romper foram as desvantagens apontadas para o uso do preservativo, nÃo se mostrando significativas as diferenÃas das emissÃes entre as escolas. MÃe, pai e amigos foram as principais crenÃas normativas positivas citadas pelos adolescentes de ambas as escolas, nÃo havendo diferenÃa significativa entre as freqÃÃncias das emissÃes dos grupos pesquisados. As crenÃas normativas modais negativas foram menos frequentes em comparaÃÃo Ãs positivas, sendo amigos e primos citados pelos adolescentes das escolas A e B e irmÃos e tios somente pelos adolescentes da B, nÃo havendo diferenÃas significativas entre os grupos pesquisados. A intenÃÃo comportamental de uso do preservativo se mostrou positiva para os dois grupos (escola A=1,45, escola B=1,39). Evidenciaram-se significativas correlaÃÃes entre os componentes atitudinais (r=0,168), normativos (r=0,166) e entre ambos com a medida da intenÃÃo comportamental nas duas escolas pesquisadas (NS r=0,290; A r=0,210; CN r=0,163; CC r=0,258). As quatro variÃveis independentes contribuÃram significativamente para a explicaÃÃo da variÃncia da intenÃÃo de uso do preservativo entre os adolescentes da escola A (R2=0,134), sendo que a norma subjetiva apresentou maior poder explicativo para o comportamento estudado (R2=0,069; p=0,000). Entre os adolescentes da escola B, verificou-se que crenÃa comportamental, norma subjetiva e atitude explicaram a intenÃÃo de uso do preservativo (R2=0,242), sendo que a crenÃa comportamental apresentou maior poder explicativo (R2=0,138; p=0,004). Os resultados revelaram maior intenÃÃo comportamental de uso do preservativo entre os adolescentes que participam de aÃÃes de educaÃÃo em saÃde, bem como as atitudes e normas que sustentam a intenÃÃo de adotar este comportamento e as crenÃas que originaram as atitudes e normas, podendo subsidiar o planejamento de estratÃgias que visem à saÃde sexual dos adolescentes, evidenciando assim a adequaÃÃo da TRA para tratar o tema proposto. / Facing AIDS problem in adolescence and regarding the use of condom as of essential importance in its prevention, in a way that this behavior can be promissory when induced by actions in health education developed at school, it was made this present research, which goal was to evaluate the behavioral intention with the use of condom in sexual intercourse, and its determinants among adolescents participating an non-participating in educational health actions at school related to prevent AIDS. It is a quantitative research that used the Theory of Reasoned Action â TRA. The research was taken in two Public Schools, in JoÃo Pessoa, with adolescents from 13 to 19 years old, both sexes, from 7th grade in Fundamental level to 3rd grade of High School. It was taken in two steps. On 1st step, a form was filled to make a survey of behavior beliefs and pronounced modal standard. On 2nd step, a test based on the beliefs identified on step 1, made of Likert Type Schools, was applied to 566 students. Data was analyzed from different statistic tools: absolute frequency and percentage, mean, standard mean, Cronbach Alpha coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient r, Multiple Regression by steps. The results from first step brought up the same categories of positive pronounced modal behavior standards in both schools (STD, pregnancy and AIDS prevention). Among all adolescents from both schools, troublesome, less pleasure and rupture risk were the pointed handicaps on using condoms. Positive standards beliefs were mothers, fathers and friends who were pointed by adolescents from both schools. Negative modal standard beliefs were less frequent comparing to positive, friends and cousins were named by adolescents from schools A and B, and brothers and uncles only from the ones of school B. The behavior intention of using condom was positive in both groups researched, but mean was a discretely higher among adolescents from School A. Expressive evidence correlated behavior and standard components as a measure of intentional behavior in both schools. Four independents variables contributed significantly to explain the variance of intention of using condoms in school A, but subjective standard presented more powerful explanation for the behavior studied. Among adolescents from school B, it was verified that behavior beliefs, subjective rule and stance explain the intention in using condoms, but behavior beliefs came to be stronger. The results showed stances and rules that sustain the intention in using condoms, as well as beliefs that build those stances and rules, which can give subsidies to planning strategies aiming sexual health care and put in evidence to validate TRA to work the proposed subject.
523

Crenças e expectativas sobre uso de álcool: avaliação do efeito do treinamento em intervenções breves / Beliefs and expectations about alcohol use: evaluation of the effect of training in brief interventions.

Jane Moraes Lopes 07 April 2009 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: As Estratégias de Diagnóstico e Intervenções Breves (EDIB) propostas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde são consideradas efetivas para o diagnóstico e prevenção dos agravos decorrentes do uso do álcool. Atitudes, crenças e expectativas dos profissionais de saúde em relação ao uso de álcool influenciam o efeito destas novas propostas. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho propõe a avaliação do efeito do treinamento em EDIB sobre as crenças e expectativas a respeito do uso de álcool. MÉTODOS: O estudo é do tipo observacional, transversal, comparativo, sobre uma amostra de 88 profissionais da atenção primária à saúde, provenientes de Ribeirão Preto e região, que concordaram em participar da pesquisa conforme os procedimentos éticos recomendados, treinados pelo Programa de Ações Integradas para Prevenção e Atenção ao Uso de Álcool e Drogas na Comunidade (PAIPAD) no período de 2003 a 2006. Os dados foram coletados através de questionários individuais aplicados antes do treinamento e no período de 4 a 6 meses depois. Os questionários incluíram um formulário sócio-demográfico, o Teste de Conhecimento sobre álcool e Intervenções Breves (IB), o Inventário de Expectativas e Crenças Pessoais acerca do Álcool (IECPA) e um formulário de estimativas sobre o uso do AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) e das IB. A amostra foi caracterizada quanto à prática e preparação profissional na atenção primária, papel, atitudes e crenças dos profissionais em relação aos problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool ou outras drogas pelos seus pacientes. RESULTADOS: No Teste de Conhecimento sobre álcool e Intervenções Breves, a pontuação média foi maior após o treinamento, passando de 4,1 para 5,57(Wilcoxon Test: z= -4,936; p 0,001). Os resultados médios do IECPA passaram de 93,45 pontos na fase pré para 78,74 pontos na fase pós-treinamento (Wilcoxon, z=-4,138; p 0,001). Através do teste de Spearman observou-se tendência à correlação positiva entre a aquisição de conhecimento e as variações no IECPA (p=0,095); o nível de conhecimento pré-treinamento e as estimativas de realização de EDIB(p=0,082); as estimativas de aplicação de AUDITS e o intervalo de tempo(p=0,009). As variações do IECPA se correlacionaram positivamente com as expectativas de aplicação de EDIB (Nonparametric Chi-Square: p=0,053). No Teste de Conhecimento, o nível médio (incompleto e completo) apresentou menor nível de aproveitamento que os outros níveis de escolaridade. As maiores variações no IECPA foram observadas entre os profissionais de nível de escolaridade superior (incompleto e completo). Os profissionais com ocupações de nível superior apresentaram maiores variações positivas quanto ao conhecimento que os de nível técnico, e maior redução na pontuação do IECPA. CONCLUSÕES: A estratégia de formação oferecida pelo PAIPAD foi efetiva, promovendo mudanças nas crenças e expectativas da equipe sobre uso de álcool, interferindo positivamente na conduta preventiva dos profissionais treinados junto aos pacientes. / BACKGROUND: The Strategies of Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) are considered effective to perform the diagnosis and the prevention of damage caused by alcohol. Attitudes, beliefs and expectations of health professionals in relation to alcohol use have influence over the effect of these new proposals. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at evaluating the effect of training in SBIRTs on the beliefs and expectations of professionals about the alcohol use. METHODS: The study is observational, cross-sectional and comparative, with a sample of 88 professionals of primary care, from Ribeirão Preto and region, who agreed to participate following ethical procedures, trained by Program of Integrated Action for Prevention and Attention to Alcohol and Drug Use in the Community (PAIPAD), in period from 2003 to 2006. Data were collected through individual questionnaires applied before the training and in the period from 4 to 6 months later. The questionnaires included a socio-demographic inventory, the Test of Knowledge about alcohol and brief interventions (IB), the Inventory of Positive Expectations and Beliefs about Alcohol (IECPA) and an inventory of estimates on the use of the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) and brief interventions. The sample was characterized in relation to the practice and professional preparation in primary care, the professional role in primary care and attitudes and beliefs of professionals about problems related to alcohol or other drugs for their patients. RESULTS: In the Test of Knowledge about alcohol and brief interventions, the average score was higher after the training, increasing from 4.1 to 5.57 (Wilcoxon test: z =- 4.936, p0001). The IECPA average changed from 93.45 points to 78.74 points after intervention, in the post-training (Wilcoxon, z =- 4.138, p0001). A trend toward positive correlation between the acquisition of knowledge and changes in IECPA (p = 0,095) was found (Spearman test), as well the level of pre-training knowledge and estimates of conducting SBIRTs (p = 0,082), estimates of implementing AUDIT and the time (p = 0,009). In the Test of Knowledge, the intermediate level of schooling (complete and incomplete) showed lower score than the others. Variations of IECPA correlated positively with the expectations of applying SBIRTs (Nonparametric Chi-Square: p = 0,053). The highest changes in IECPA were seen among higher level professionals (complete and incomplete). The professionals of higher-level occupations showed bigger positive changes in knowledge than workers of technical level and higher reduction in scores of IECPA. CONCLUSIONS: The strategy of training offered by PAIPAD was effective, promoting changes in beliefs and expectations of the team about alcohol use, interfering positively in the preventive attitudes of trained professionals with the patients.
524

Conhecimentos, crenças e práticas em relação à dengue / Knowledge, beliefs and practices regarding dengue

Adorama Candido Alves 02 February 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O desenvolvimento de uma melhor compreensão dos conhecimentos e práticas sobre a dengue é essencial para o planejamento de programas e políticas públicas de prevenção da doença. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar o conhecimento de usuários de serviços da atenção primária, residentes na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, sobre a dengue e seu vetor (transmissão, sintomas, prevenção e tratamento), a fonte de informações, práticas, as associações entre os conhecimentos e as crenças para a profilaxia e terapêutica da doença. MÉTODOS: Esse estudo transversal de inquéritos com amostra de 605 habitantes de Ribeirão Preto foi desenvolvido após uma grande epidemia de dengue em 2013. Os respondentes foram convidados a participar do estudo enquanto aguardavam atendimento médico nas unidades de saúde. RESULTADOS: A principal fonte de informação sobre a dengue foi a televisão (87,8%). O sintoma mais citado da doença foi a febre. Apenas 10,4% dos respondentes usam repelentes regularmente para prevenção da dengue. Quando mostrada imagens de oito diferentes espécies de insetos, 65,7% dos participantes conseguiram identificar corretamente o vetor da doença. Essa percentagem foi maior entre participantes mais jovens e com maiores níveis de escolaridade. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados apresentados nesse trabalho são semelhantes aos descritos na literatura e reforçam a importância de programas de educação em saúde, da constante promoção de campanhas educacionais pela mídia, do papel da televisão como fonte de informação e de se motivar a população no controle do vetor / INTRODUCTION: Developing a better understanding of the knowledge and practices about dengue is essential to planning programs and public policies about the prevention of the disease. This research aimed to investigate the knowledge of users of primary health care services, living in Ribeirão Preto city, about dengue and its vector (transmission, symptoms, prevention and treatment), the source of the information, practices, and their associations with the knowledge and beliefs for the prophylaxis and treatment of disease. METHODS: This cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a sample of 605 people living in Ribeirão Preto was conducted following a major dengue outbreak in 2013. The respondents were invited to participate in the study at the time when they were waiting for medical attendance in the health units. RESULTS: The main source of information about dengue was from the television (87.8%). Fever was cited as the most common symptom of the disease. Only 10.4% of the respondents use mosquito repellent regularly to prevent dengue. When shown images of different species of insects, 65.7% of the participants were able to identify correctly the vector of the disease. This percentage is larger among younger participants with higher levels of education. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented in this research are similar to those described by other authors cited here and reinforce the relevance of health education programs, the constant promotion of educational campaigns in the media, the role of the television as a source of information and the importance of motivating the population to control the vector
525

Modelo de crenças de saúde (MCS) na prevenção do câncer cérvico-uterino: estudo em mulheres que frequentam serviços de saúde em São Jose dos Campos-SP, 1989 / Health beliefs model (MCS) in the prevention of cervical-uterine cancer: study in women attending health services in São José dos Campos-SP, 1989

Stela Maria Ouvinhas Rossetini 12 September 1994 (has links)
Foi desenvolvido um questionário para utilização, na prática, do Modelo de Crenças de Saúde (MCS) usando informações tanto populares como médicas sobre a prevenção do câncer cérvico-uterino. As crençaas foram identificadas pelos quatro componentes principais do MCS (percepção da suscetibilidade e da gravidade da doença e de beneficios e de barreiras à ação preventiva), e foram calculadas medidas individuais para cada componente do MCS, a conduta preventiva anterior e os conhecimentos do exame de Papanicolaou e de câncer cérvico-uterino. O instrumento foi elaborado em cinco etapas e a análise estatística incluiu a descrição de cada questio, associações entre conduta e cada componente do MCS e entre conduta e conhecimento da doença e do exame de Papanicolaou. O estudo foi realizado com entrevistas de 300 mulheres numa cidade do interior do Brasil. Os resultados indicaram que os componentes do MCS estavam ligados fracamente à conduta preventiva, mas o componente suscetibilidade evidenciou menor variação e maior relação com a conduta. Apesar do MCS não se apresentar como um forte preditor de conduta, foi confirmado seu uso para explicar a conduta. Os resultados estatísticos são apresentados de forma descritiva. Algumas crenças e conflitos entre crenças puderam ser facilmente identificados e discutidos. Foram propostas sugestões para programas de educação relativos à prevenção do câncer cérvico-uterino e para uso do MCS na avaliação de mudanças de conduta preventiva da população nos programas educacionais. / A questionnaire was developed wich allows the translation of the Health Belief Hodel to practice, using both, popular and medical informations in cervical cancer prevention. Belief identification have been limited to the four major dimensions of the HBH (perceptions of susceptibility, seriousness, barriers and benefits), and individual measures were calculated for each HBH dimensions, the retrospective preventive behavior and knowledge of cervical smear and cervical cancer. Instrument refinement occurred in five stages and the descriptive statistical anal~sis included each question description, and relationship between each HBM dimension and preventive behavior, and between kncwledge and behavior. The study was performed by interviews with 300 women in a inside, country city in Brazil. The results are indicating that the HBM components were weakly related with the preventive behavior, but susceptibility showed lower variation and were more closer to behavior. In spite that the HBM was not a strcnger predictor of preventive behavior, its capacity to explain behaviors was confirmed. Descriptive statistics was used to present results. Some beliefs and belief conflicts were easily identified and discussed. Sugestions were offered for programing health education in cervical cancer prevention and for use the HBM descriptive data to evaluate education impact in preventive behavior changes in a population.
526

Formação continuada de professores de língua inglesa: suas crenças e expectativas

Oliveira, Ana Claudia Turcato de 27 August 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:45:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Claudia Turcato de Oliveira.pdf: 810478 bytes, checksum: 5280376050b001b7cb818fac8d8df0a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This work aims to investigate what are the beliefs of English as a Second Language teachers (ESL) on procedures for continuing education, through their own experiences, promoted by the State Department of Education of the State of Tocantins (SEDUC), as well as get to know what are their expectations for future training courses for ESL teachers that they might attend. Thus, the theory covered issues related to the concept of beliefs, based on BARCELOS (2006), DEWEY (1933, 1938), WOODS (2000, 2010), as well as teacher training based on FREIRE (1979; 1984; 1997), MENEZES (2001), NÓVOA (1999), VASCONCELOS (2000; 2005; 2009). The methodological approach favored by the research was the qualitative research, more specifically the case study (JOHNSON, 1992), using a semistructured interview as an instrument for data collection. The results, based on the ESL teachers beliefs system, show that the training model developed by the Tocantins English Project (TEP) was the one that best met the needs of the teachers surveyed, because there was an improvement in their linguistic and communicative skills; brought methodological innovations, and hence an improvement in the classroom practice. Given these results, we concluded that in order for a course of continuing education for teachers to be considered effective and meaningful, it must provide moments of ESL studies as well as present new techniques and methodologies of language teaching. Furthermore, we suggest that a program of permanent continuing education for ESL teachers is prepared in order to meet the needs of all the teachers that are part of the Tocantins State Education network, in learning contexts that promote dialogue and reflection. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar quais são as crenças dos professores de Língua Inglesa (LI), relativas aos processos de formação continuada, constituídas por meio de suas experiências nesses, promovidos pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Estado do Tocantins (SEDUC), bem como conhecer suas expectativas em relação aos futuros cursos de formação de professores de LI que venham a frequentar. Para tanto, o aporte teórico abrangeu questões relacionadas ao conceito de crenças, fundamentado em BARCELOS (2006), DEWEY (1933, 1938) WOODS (2000, 2010), como também, de formação de professores, embasados em FREIRE (1979; 1984; 1997), MENEZES (2001), NÓVOA (1999), VASCONCELOS (2000; 2005; 2009). O caminho metodológico privilegiado pela pesquisa foi o da pesquisa qualitativa, mais especificamente o estudo de caso (JOHNSON, 1992), com a utilização de uma entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento para coleta de dados. Os resultados, com base no sistema de crenças dos professores de LI, demonstram que o modelo de formação desenvolvido pelo projeto Tocantins English Project (TEP) foi o que melhor atendeu as necessidades dos professores pesquisados, pois houve uma melhora na habilidade linguístico-comunicativa dos docentes; trouxe inovações metodológicas, e, consequentemente, a melhoria da prática em sala de aula. Diante desses resultados, concluiu-se que um curso de formação continuada para professores, considerado eficiente e significativo, deve proporcionar momentos de estudos de LI, bem como, apresentar novas técnicas e metodologias de ensino de línguas. Além disso, fica a sugestão para que seja elaborado um programa de formação permanente de professores de LI, que atenda a todos os professores da rede Estadual de Educação do Tocantins, em contextos de aprendizagem dialogados e reflexivos.
527

Incorporando papéis: uma leitura psicossocial do fenômeno da mediunidade de incorporação em médiuns de umbanda / Incorporating roles: the psychosocial dimension of the embodiment of spirits among Umbanda mediums

Wellington Zangari 22 August 2003 (has links)
Estuda a mediunidade de incorporação entre médiuns de Umbanda em sua dimensão psicossocial, a partir da teoria de papéis proposta por Hjalmar Sundén. Os Ss são 12 médiuns de incorporação, entre 16 e 61 anos de idade, 11 do sexo feminino e 1 do sexo masculino, do Templo Espírita de Umbanda Xangô Agodô, situado na cidade de São Paulo. Os médiuns passam por entrevistas semi-dirigidas e são observados durante rituais de incorporação. Com o objetivo de reconhecer a cultura do grupo ao qual pertencem, realizam-se, ainda, entrevistas informais com pessoas não médiuns que também participam regularmente das atividades do referido templo. Apresenta um modelo interpretativo interdisciplinar da mediunidade de incorporação, considerando: a) a importância da dimensão grupal ampla, da dimensão social dos grupos e da dimensão individual, e da relação entre estas dimensões para a compreensão da mediunidade de incorporação; b) a importância da linguagem, em sentido amplo, como meio de interação social necessário para a existência e manutenção da mediunidade de incorporação; c) o processo de construção tanto social quanto individual da mediunidade de incorporação; d) o processo de adoção e assumição de papéis por parte dos médiuns de incorporação; e) a função social da mediunidade de incorporação; e f) os possíveis ganhos psicológicos por parte dos médiuns de incorporação. Conclui que a mediunidade de incorporação pode , ser compreendida como um papel social complexo em queestão em jogo tanto elementos sociais quanto individuais em que as entidades incorporadas são consideradas como constructos psicossociais e, assim, os médiuns são, ao mesmo tempo, seus intérpretes e coautores / This dissertation analyses the psychosocial dimension of mediumship related to the embodiment of spirits, from the point of view of Hjalmar Sundén\'s Role Theory. The subjects studied were 12 Umbanda mediums, 11 of whom were female and 1 male, between 16 and 61 years-of-age, all participants of the Spiritist Temple of Umbanda Xangô Agodô, in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The mediums were submitted to semioriented interviews and were observed during the rituals in which they claimed to incorporate spirits. In order to examine cultural aspects of their social group, other subjects who were not mediums but who participated regularly in the activities of that temple were informally interviewed. An interdisciplinary interpretative model of \"incorporative\" mediumship is presented which considers the following points: (a) the importante of the wider group dimension, the social dimension of small groups, of the individual dimension, and of the relationships established between these dimensions to an understond of \"incorporative\" mediumship; (b) the importante of language - considered in its broadest sense - as a way of social interaction which is necessary to the existente and maintenance of \"incorporative\" mediumship; (c) the process of social and individual construcion of \"incorporative\" mediumship; (d) the process of roletaking and role-adopting by \"embodiment\" mediums; (e) the social function of \"incorporative\" mediumship; and (f) the possible psychological benefitsobtained by \"incorporative\" mediums from their mediumship. It is concluded that mediumship which includes the embodiment of \"spirits\" can be understood as a complex social role that is comprised of both social and individual elements. The \"incorporated\" entities are considered to be psychosocial consctructs, therefore the mediums are, at the same time, their interpreters and their co-authors
528

Understanding the hidden experience of head and neck cancer patients : a qualitative exploration of beliefs and mental images

Lang, Heidi January 2010 (has links)
Patients’ beliefs about their illness are known to influence their experiences of illness, its psychological impact, their health behaviours, and overall health outcomes. Research into illness beliefs has typically involved written or oral methods, yet recent studies have suggested that patients’ beliefs about their illness may be embodied in visual form, in their mental images of the disease. Beliefs embedded in mental images may not be captured via traditional modes of assessment, and thus far the possible significance of this kind of ‘visual knowledge’, has been largely overlooked. Studies using visual methods to explore patients’ mental images suggest this is a viable and useful approach which may provide additional insights into their illness beliefs. Research of this kind is in its infancy however, and there are several fundamental questions concerning the existence and nature of mental images, how best to access such images, and their relationship to illness beliefs, which are as yet unanswered. This thesis employed qualitative methods to address these issues and explore the significance of mental images within the context of head and neck cancer. It consists of three empirical phases – a methodological pilot study, a qualitative meta-synthesis, and a longitudinal study. The findings indicate that many patients do generate a mental image of their cancer, and this is significant in terms of their understanding of both the disease and its treatments. Images appear to enhance patients’ comprehension of what is going on inside their bodies, and may both reflect and influence illness beliefs. In this thesis these findings are considered with reference to the methodological issues intrinsic to researching mental images, and the implications for future research and clinical practice.
529

Awareness, Knowledge and Attitudes about Human Papilloma Virus among Female tertiary students in South Africa

Chikandiwa, Admire Takuranenhamo January 2010 (has links)
Magister Public Health - MPH / The study aimed to describe the knowledge and awareness of HPV infection and vaccine of female university students and to determine the predictors of vaccine acceptability. The study found that 70% of the participants were sexually active. Awareness and knowledge on HPV/vaccine were poor; with only 22% being aware of HPV and that a HPV vaccine was available in South Africa. A greater proportion (80%) reported willingness to be vaccinated. Being aware of the existence of a pap smear, higher knowledge about HPV, higher perceived vaccine effectiveness and higher perceived severity of HPV infection were significantly associated with increased willingness to be vaccinated. / South Africa
530

Developing beliefs and practices regarding vocabulary teaching through a dialogic approach for professional development : a case study of English language teachers in Hong Kong

Chung, Hiu Yui Edsoulla January 2018 (has links)
Given the fundamental role beliefs play in guiding what individuals think and do, it is important to understand teachers' beliefs and their development in order to facilitate professional growth, which in turn has the potential to promote effective teaching and learning. While research efforts have been devoted largely to investigating teachers' beliefs, it is surprising that, despite its significance, there is little published data concerning vocabulary teaching, not to mention how professional training contributes to teachers' change in relation to the language area. This thesis, therefore, seeks to investigate teachers' epistemological and pedagogical beliefs about vocabulary development, understand their relationship with actual practice, as well as exploring how they develop through a dialogic approach which emphasises interaction and self-reflection. The study reported herein is situated in the context of Hong Kong, where problems relating to the teaching and learning of English vocabulary have been repeatedly highlighted in the literature. It mainly involves six frontline teachers of English as a second language in a local secondary school selected using purposeful sampling. Of these six teachers, four participated in a teacher development programme which focused on dialogic reflection on beliefs and practices regarding vocabulary teaching, whereas the remaining ones did not. Adopting a case study research strategy, the research draws on four major sources of data, including lesson observations, semi-structured interviews, teachers' professional dialogues and reflective writing, to illuminate issues regarding vocabulary teaching and the process of change. The findings of the study reveal the need to promote teacher professional development regarding vocabulary teaching and develop teachers' awareness of their own and alternative beliefs and practices. They also provide empirical support for the notion that dialogic reflection helps foster teachers' change, and enable us to arrive at a better understanding of the complicated nature of teachers' cognitive and behavioural development. These shed new light on sociocultural theory, generate original insights into how dialogic interaction can be used as a mediational tool to facilitate and understand teacher change in beliefs and practice, as well as providing implications for second language education and teacher professional development.

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