The objective of this thesis is to explore the relationship between moralities and bioeconomies in post-apocalyptic dystopias from the Victorian era to contemporary Young Adult Fiction. In defining the terms bioeconomy and biopolitics, this works examines the ways in which literature uses food and energy systems to explore morality and immorality in social orders and systems, including capitalism and our modern techno-industrial landscapes. This work examines science fiction portrayals of apocalypses and dystopias, including After London: Or, Wild England and The Hunger Games, as well as their medieval and contextual influences. These works are analyzed in light of genre and contemporary influences, including the development of ecology and environmentalism. Ultimately, this thesis argues that authors are building a link between the types of behavior which are sustainable and morally acceptable and a person’s role in a bioeconomy; specifically, those who are moral in post-apocalyptic dystopias are providers of food and care, and do not seek to profit from aiding others. This work contends that the connection between morality and sustainable food and social systems are evidence of authorial belief that our current ways of life are damaging, and they must change in order to preserve our humanity and our world.

Since the industrial revolution the rise of the global economy depends on using more amounts of fossil fuels. Currently oil is the leading feedstock for the production of various kinds of plastic products, from packaging materials to machine parts. However, even this advanced technology, such as plastic, awarded several Nobel prizes, has its drawbacks. The big disadvantage is their very slow degradation (tens to thousands of years), thereby the accumulation of waste is increasing. Another disadvantage is its production from non-renewable materials (oil). Therefore, the developed economies, including the European Union (EU), are trying to find new alternatives to conventional plastics using biotechnology manufacturers to called bioplastics, which are made from renewable materials. This thesis deals with the use of bioplastics in the market. Using the questionnaires is creating survey of market among producers of bioplastics and consumers, combined with a personal interview with the promoters of bioplastics. Results processed by this methodology showed that the biggest factor, which influence the promotion of bioplastics, is too high price. This is the main reason why the public is so little informed about them. If the price of production decreases, promotion and use of bioplastics will be probably to increase.

The reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the transformation from a fossil-based to a bio-based economy are declared social, political and entrepreneurial goals. The efficient material and energetic use of biogenic residues, by-products and wastes offers numerous means of working towards these goals. However, it is still unclear what raw materials can be understood under these collective terms, what quantities exist across sectors and what additional contribution can be expected from their improved use. In the context of this thesis, an internationally applicable method has been developed which can be used to continuously balance and evaluate the technical biomass potential and current use. The basis for this is a modular monitoring system that is used to develop a multi-stage biomass categorisation, a regularly updatable network of biomass-specific calculation elements and a procedure for the continuous improvement of data quality. The monitoring system was tested for a consistent reference year using Germany as an example. In addition, the temporal and spatial dynamics of the biomass availability were analysed for the case study of cereal straw using a geoinformation system. With the help of 1,113 calculation elements, the supply and use of 77 biomasses from five sectors were balanced. On this basis, the technical biomass potential for the year 2015 amounts to 86–140 million tonnes of dry matter. Between 65 % and 84 % are already tied up in a material or energetic use. There is a clear focus on only a few raw materials; 20 % of the resources make up more than 80 % of the supply. By further tapping the mobilisable potential of 14–48 million tonnes of dry matter, an annual primary energy contribution of at least 6 % and up to 15 % could be achieved in future, for example. The detailed analysis for the case study also shows that, despite significant fluctuations over time, large parts of the potential are concentrated in only a few regions. The overall broad ranges of results indicate that the data quality is uncertain and, in particular in the areas of soil and water quality, biodiversity and eutrophication of ecosystems, there is a need for research on how the complex interactions can be integrated into future calculations of biomass potentials, using which data sets. The consequent provision of the monitoring results and calculation methodology in an online data repository (http://webapp.dbfz.de) provides the opportunity to reflect on the existing approaches in an open debate and to continue developing them in line with the respective needs. Using the findings generated by the monitoring system, the focus can be placed on the most important raw materials and regions for the implementation of political and entrepreneurial strategies and for filling gaps in the data. On this basis, the next steps for an optimal and sustainable contribution to a bio-based circular economy can be prioritised and discussed with regional stakeholders and shareholders. / Die Reduktion von Treibhausgasen in der Atmosphäre und die Transformation von einer fossilbasierten zu einer bio-basierten Wirtschaftsweise sind erklärte gesellschaftliche, politische und unternehmerische Ziele. Die effiziente stoffliche und energetische Nutzung von biogenen Reststoffen, Nebenprodukten und Abfällen bietet zahlreiche Möglichkeiten, diesen Zielen näher zu kommen. Unklar ist bisher jedoch, welche Rohstoffe unter diesen Sammelbegriffen verstanden werden können, welche Mengen sektorenübergreifend existieren und welcher zusätzlichentzliche Beitrag aus einer optimierten Nutzung erwartet werden kann. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde daher eine international anwendbare Methode entwickelt, mit der das technische Biomassepotenzial und die aktuelle Nutzung fortlaufend bilanziert und bewertet werden kann. Die Grundlage bildet hierfür ein modulares Monitoringsystem, mit dem u. a. eine mehrstufige Biomassekategorisierung, ein regelmäßig aktualisierbares Netzwerk aus biomassespezifischen Berechnungselementen sowie ein Vorgehen zur kontinuierlichen Verbesserung der Datenqualität entwickelt wurde. Das Monitoringsystem wurde am Beispiel von Deutschland und für ein konsistentes Bezugsjahr erprobt. Für das Fallbeispiel Getreidestroh wurde darüber hinaus die zeitliche und räumliche Dynamik der Rohstoffverfügbarkeit mit einem Geo-Informationssystem analysiert. Mit Hilfe von 1.113 Berechnungselementen wurden das Aufkommen und die Nutzung für 77 Biomassen aus fünf Sektoren bilanziert. Auf dieser Grundlage ergibt sich für das Jahr 2015 ein technisches Biomassepotenzial in Höhe von 86–140 Millionen Tonnen Trockenmasse. Zwischen 65 % und 84 % waren bereits in einer stofflichen oder energetischen Nutzung gebunden. Ein deutlicher Schwerpunkt liegt auf nur wenigen Rohstoffen; 20 % der Rohstoffe repräsentieren über 80 % des Potenzials. Durch die weitere Erschließung der noch mobilisierbaren Potenziale in Höhe von 14–48 Millionen Tonnen Trockenmasse könnte zukünftig z. B. ein jährlicher Primärenergiebeitrag von mindestens 6 % und bis zu 15 % realisiert werden. Die Detailanalyse für das Fallbeispiel zeigt darüber hinaus, dass trotz erheblicher zeitlicher Schwankungen große Teile des Potenzials in nur wenigen Regionen konzentriert sind. Die insgesamt hohen Ergebnisbandbreiten deuten jedoch auf eine unsichere Datenqualität hin und insbesondere bei den Themen Boden- und Wasserqualität, Biodiversität und Eutrophierung von Ökosystemen besteht Forschungsbedarf, wie und mit welchen Datensätzen die komplexen Wirkungsgefüge zukünftig in die Potenzialberechnungen integriert werden können. Durch die konsequente Offenlegung der Monitoringergebnisse und der Berechnungsmethodik in einem Online-Datenrepositorium (http://webapp.dbfz.de) besteht die Möglichkeit, die bisherigen Ansätze in einem offenen Diskurs zu reflektieren und bedarfsgerecht weiterzuentwickeln. Mit Hilfe der Erkenntnisse aus dem Monitoringsystem kann der Fokus für die Umsetzung von Politik- und Unternehmensstrategien und das Schließen von Datenlücken auf die wichtigsten Rohstoffe und Regionen gelenkt werden. Zusammen mit den regionalen Stake- und Shareholdern können auf dieser Grundlage die nächsten Schritte für einen optimalen und nachhaltigen Beitrag zu einer bio-basierten Kreislaufwirtschaft priorisiert und weiterführend diskutiert werden.

Biomass is a valuable and limited resource that should be used efficiently. The potential of replacing fossil-based products with bio-based ones produced in biobased industrial systems is huge. One important aim of increasing the share of biobased products is to improve the sustainability of systems for production and consumption. Therefore, it is important to evaluate what solutions are available to improve the sustainability performance of bio-based industrial systems, and if they also bring negative impacts. The thesis focuses on assessing the role of biogas solutions in developing sustainable bio-based systems. Such assessments are often quite narrow in their scope and focus on quantitative environmental or economic aspects. This thesis aims at also including feasibility related aspects involving the contextual conditions that are assessed more qualitatively. Biogas solutions are identified as a versatile approach to treat organic materials which are generated in large volumes in bio-based industrial systems. The results show that biogas solutions in bio-based industrial systems (i) improve circular flows of energy and nutrients, (ii) are especially viable alternatives when the quality of the by-product streams become poorer, and (iii) may improve the profitability of the bio-based industrial system. To perform better assessments of these systems, it seems valuable to broaden the set of indicators assessed and include feasibility-related indicators, preferably through the involvement of relevant stakeholders as they contribute with different perspectives and can identify aspects that influence the sustainability in different areas. Future studies could benefit from applying those broader assessments on more cases to build on a more generalisable knowledge base.

No description available.

Tackling grand challenges such as anthropogenic climate change, urgently requires an increase in bio-based resource utilization in regard to offsetting fossil dependencies within industrial sectors, also known as bioeconomic shifts. Bioeconomic shifts can be achieved by implementing Mission-oriented innovation (MOI), which concerns facilitating and directing resources towards achieving predetermined missions. Public actors within Uppsala region have proposed a regional mission which communicates their approach towards achieving a bioeconomic shift. Therefore, this study explores the empirical and contextual barriers to MOI- implementation towards increasing local bio-based rest flow utilization, enabling an expansion biochar within Uppsala region. To satisfy the purpose and research question, an inductive qualitative interview-based case study was performed. This allowed for an understanding of contextual barriers regarding an implementation of MOI from the perceptions of the purposefully sampled interviewees. Thematic analysis was then applied to uncover codes and themes within the gathered data. Noteworthy, and a valuable takeaway for future studies regarding MOI-implementations, is that many of the observed barriers could be mitigated through further developing abilities that enable codification of tacit knowledge. Difficulties in facilitating necessary cooptation, uncertainty associated with innovation, and lengthy payback horizons contribute to MOI-implementation barriers within Uppsala region. A lack of structures that enable the synchronization of, and cooperation between, public and private actors has resulted in barriers for public actors to incentivize and facilitate activities towards achieving a regional expansion of biochar. Also, a lack of resource allocation to enable an MOI-implementation, results in barriers towards exploiting/counteracting contextual advantages/disadvantages towards achieving the regional mission. Contextual advantages include mobility of knowledgeable individuals, universities, and waste management facilities. Contextual disadvantages regard insufficient resource allocations, lack of public actor involvement, and policy which is currently unable of facilitating necessary activities. The results and associated theory support the notion that innovation policy should communicate routes and directions, and better organize actors and activities towards specific missions. Increasing the ability to assess previous and future MOI-implementations, while incentivizing cooperation through shared risks and rewards. Increased communication and assessments of MOI-implementations could also increase the ability to further develop contextual advantages. Contributing and expanding upon existing MOI-literature, this study emphasizes codification of knowledge as to increase the transferability of MOI-related policies and activities between, and within domains. Increased transferability could entail positive spillover effects, regarding the ability of actors to learn from successful, and non-successful MOI-related activities. This knowledge could increase the success rate of MOI-implementations, thus increasing the ability to further develop MOI-implementation frameworks.

This thesis started with the discovery that in Sweden, about 70% of wool, a valuable material, is wasted in 2017. In recent years, a local value chain in Sweden has gained momentum to increase the use of Swedish wool as a circular and sustainable fibre for the textile industry in the country. This thesis aimed at suggesting a strategic approach to strengthen the Swedish wool value chain. To do so, we used the leverage points framework as a systems thinking lens to uncover system dynamics and assess what is most needed in the system through semi-structured interviews. Then, a systematic literature review was conducted to uncover interventions contributing to sustainable transformations in the global wool value chain and suggest a strategic approach for the Swedish case. The key leverage point that emerged as a result of the research is enhancing the capacity to self-organise as a system, which can happen through increasing collaboration, fostering a structure for learning and flows of information. The strategic intervention that we suggested is to establish a ‘connector’ in the system in order to facilitate underway projects as well as collaboration in a national perspective to develop and expand the use of Swedish wool.

The bioeconomy is a worldwide used strategy to cope with ecological, social, and economic sustainability challenges. However, we analyze current bioeconomy strategies and trends to point out potential sustainability conflicts and transition challenges. Our analysis shows that the bioeconomy is not sustainable per se, as mere input substitution may entail welfare losses. Instead, it requires further debates and actions to avoid exacerbation of ecological and social strains. Sustainability has to be the key concept behind the bioeconomy and predominantly requires (1) sustainability of the resource base and (2) sustainability of processes and products, especially by (3) circular processes of material fluxes, not least to gain consumer acceptance for bio-based products. Otherwise, the bioeconomy would only entail the substitution of fossil resources for bio-based resources potentially lacking the generation of additional societal and ecological benefits and contribution to climate mitigation. As markets alone will not suffice to fulfil this path transition towards a sustainable bioeconomy, we argue that innovative governance is necessary to reduce competitive drawbacks compared to fossil resources (enabling function) and to secure ecological, social, and economic sustainability requirements (limiting function).

Vom 11. bis zum 13. September 2023 fand die Forstwissenschaftliche Tagung (FowiTa) 2023 in Dresden statt. Die FowiTa findet regelmäßig alle zwei Jahre rotierend an einer der forstlichen Universitäten Deutschlands (Göttingen, Tharandt, Freiburg, München) statt. Sie bietet den im Bereich der Forstwissenschaften Tätigen die Möglichkeit, aktuelle Erkenntnisse aus ihrer Forschung einem breiten forstwissenschaftlichen Publikum vorzustellen. Neben in parallel stattfindenden Sessions organisierten Vorträgen waren Poster-Ausstellungen inkl. Vorstellung der einzelnen Poster und Vorträge von renommierten Keynote-Speakern Teil der FowiTa 2023. Weiterhin bekamen Nachwuchswissenschaftler aus dem Bereich der Forstwissenschaften die Möglichkeit, im Rahmen eigener Sessions ihre Beiträge zur Forschung zu präsentieren. Im vorliegenden Tagungsband sind die Abstracts der gehaltenen Vorträge sowie die ausgestellten Poster aufgeführt.:Programm 10 11. September 2023 14 BEG | Begrüßung 15 K-01 | Keynote - Das Selbst und die Anderen - Waldpolitik zwischen Identitäten und Institutionen (Prof. Dr. Daniela Kleinschmit) 19 K-02 | Keynote - Forestry's Eduring Debt to German Science (Prof. Dr. William Hyde) 21 V-01 | Waldschutz I: Borkenkäfer 23 V-02 | Waldwirtschaft und Klimawandel I: Umwelt, Stress, Mortalität 30 V-03 | Ökologie, Biodiversität, Naturschutz I 39 V-04 | Forstgenetik, Forstpflanzenzüchtung I 46 V-05 | Forstbotanik I 53 V-06 | Waldbau I 61 V-07 | Waldschutz II: Borkenkäfer 69 V-08 | Waldwirtschaft und Klimawandel II: Waldanpassung, Baumartenwahl 77 V-09 | Ökologie, Biodiversität, Naturschutz II 87 V-10 | Forstgenetik, Forstpflanzenzüchtung II 96 V-11 | Eschen-Session 104 V-12 | Waldbau II 116 P 1-3 | Poster Session 126 P-1 | Management mit sozialwissenschaftlichem Schwerpunkt & Sozialwissenschaften 127 P-2 | Naturwissenschaften mit Schwerpunkt Waldschutz 142 P-3 | Naturwissenschaften 1 159 12. September 2023 180 V-13 | Waldschutz III: Krankheiten 181 V-14 | Waldwirtschaft im Klimawandel III: Forest Restoration 187 V-15 | Fernerkundung I 192 V-16 | Forsttechnik, Verfahrenstechnik I 196 V-17 | Forstrecht 201 V-18 | Forstpolitik, Umweltkommunikation I 205 V-19 | Waldschutz IV: Grundsätzliches und Säugetiere 210 V-20 | Waldwirtschaft im Klimawandel IV: Klimaschutz, Kohlenstoffsenke, Wasserhaushalt 215 V-21 | Fernerkundung II 227 V-22 | Forsttechnik, Verfahrenstechnik II 236 V-23 | Holzkunde und Verwendung 245 V-24 | Forstpolitik, Umweltkommunikation II 255 K-03 | Keynote - Über den Wald als chemisches Element (Prof. Dr. Peter Annighöfer) 262 K-04 | Keynote - Verschwommene Grenzen: Zur Handhabung und Wirkung wissenschaftlicher Aussagen in öffentlichen Auseinandersetzungen (Prof. Dr. Senja Post) 264 PV | Preisverleihung Deutscher Forstwissenschaftspreis 266 13. September 2023 267 P 4-6 | Poster Session 268 P-4 | Management mit naturwissenschaftlichem Schwerpunkt 269 P-5 | Naturwissenschaften mit Schwerpunkt Waldbau 287 P-6 | Naturwissenschaften 2 304 V-25 | Waldschutz V: Sturm und Waldbrände 328 V-26 | Bodenkunde I 334 V-27 | Fernerkundung III 341 V-28 | Forsttechnik, Verfahrenstechnik III 351 V-29 | Forstökonomie I: Ökonomik des Kleinprivatwaldes 361 V-30 | Bioökonomie 373 YS-01 | Young Speakers 381 YS-02 | Young Speakers 383 YS-03 | Young Speakers 385 YS-04 | Young Speakers 387 YS-05 | Young Speakers 389 YS-06 | Young Speakers 391 V-31 | Waldschutz VI 392 V-32 | Bodenkunde II 398 V-33 | Fernerkundung IV 404 V-34 | Forsttechnik, Verfahrenstechnik IV 411 V-35 | Forstökonomie II: Landnutzung und Forsteinrichtung 416 V-36 | Wissenschaftskommunikation I 423 V-37 | Agroforstsysteme 429 V-39 | Waldwachstum 435 V-40 | Bioklimatologie und Meteorologie 444 V-41 | Forstökonomie III: Klimawandel und Waldschäden 451 V-42 | Wissenschaftskommunikation II 459 V-43 | Ökologie, Biodiversität, Naturschutz III 466 Register 468 Moderatorenindex 469 Autorenindex 470 Schlagwortindex 479

Dans le contexte de la bioéconomie, la découverte et la caractérisation des enzymes capables de dégrader la paroi végétale est particulièrement intéressante pour l’utilisation de la biomasse lignocellulosique dans l’industrie. A cet égard, la métagénomique fonctionnelle est un outil puissantpour découvrir de nouvelles enzymes à partir d’écosystèmes microbiens variés, comme l’illustrent les travaux sur le tube digestif du termite Pseudacanthotermes militaris. Cette étude a fourni une mine d’informations et identifié un hypothétique locus d’utilisation du xylane (XUS), codant pour cinq glycosides hydrolases (GH) et une carbohydrate esterase (CE) de Bacteroidales.Le XUS du métagénome de Pseudacanthotermes militaris contient une xylanase de la famille GH10 qui possède une organisation modulaire complexe dans laquelle la séquence du domaine GH10 est interrompue par une insertion de deux carbohydrate binding modules (CBM). Des travaux préliminaires ont montré que cette enzyme modulaire, désignée Pm25, est active sur xylane. Par conséquent, un des objectifs de cette étude a été la caractérisation détaillée des propriétés biochimiques et catalytiques de Pm25. Le rôle des CBM a également été examiné en quantifiant les interactions protéines-sucres et permettant ainsi une meilleure compréhension du rôle spécifique de ces modules, les résultats obtenus permettent de cerner l’impact de la modularité de Pm25 sur ses propriétés fonctionnelles.Dans une deuxième partie de l’étude, nous avons entrepris d’étudier la fonction de Pm25 dans le contexte du cluster XUS. Pour ce faire, nous avons étudié les enzymes adjacentes à Pm25 sur le locus,une autre GH10, une GH11, une GH115 et une GH43. La comparaison des paramètres cinétiques et une étude détaillée des produits d’hydrolyse ont été analysés par spectrométrie de masse et ont révélé que la GH10 et la GH11 étaient les enzymes clefs de la dépolymérisation en étant 20 fois plus efficaces que Pm25. En parallèle, nous avons développé un protocole pour l’utilisation de la micro-thermophorèse (MST) pour quantifier les interactions CBM-sucres, une approche intéressante qui nécessite peut d’échantillon et de ligand contrairement à d’autres méthodes biophysiques. Dans l’ensemble, cette étude a révélé le rôle important de Pm25 et ses homologues dans les locus d’utilisation des xylanes chez les Bacteroidetes et a permis d’identifié le sens de cette architecture particulière. / In the context of bioeconomy, the discovery and study of plant-cell wall degrading enzymes is particularly relevant for the use of lignocellulosic biomass for industrial purposes. In this respect, functional metagenomics has proven to be a powerful tool to discover new enzymes from a variety of microbial ecosystems, as exemplified by work performed on the gut of the termite Pseudacanthotermes militaris. This study provided a wealth of information and identified an interesting hypothetical xylan utilization system, encoding five glycoside hydrolases (GH) and one carbohydrate esterase (CE) annotated from bacteroidales. The Pseudacanthotermes militaris-derived putative XUS cluster contains a GH10 xylanase that displays a quite complex modular arrangement wherein the GH10 catalytic module contains two insertional carbohydrate binding modules (CBM). During the preliminary work, this modular enzyme, designated Pm25, was shown to be active on xylan, thus in the present research we set out to more thoroughly characterize its biochemical and catalytic properties.The role of the CBM was also investigated, quantifying protein-carbohydrate interactions and thus providing better insight into the specific role of the modules. Taken together, the results obtained provide insight into how Pm25 modularity translates into functional properties. In second part of our study, we set out investigate the function of Pm25 in the context of the XUS cluster. To achieve this we studied a xylan utilization system, which is constituted by another GH10, GH11, GH115 and GH43. The comparison of kinetic parameters and a detailed end product analysis by mass spectrometry showed that GH10 and GH11 outweigh over 20 fold Pm25 catalytic efficiency. In parallel, we developed the use of MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) to quantify CBM-carbohydrates interactions, an interesting approach requiring smaller concentration of proteinsand ligands compared to other biophysical methods. Overall this study highlighted the important role of Pm25 homologs in the xylan utilization system in Bacteroidetes, and pinpointed the meaning of its unusual architecture.