Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-15T13:54:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 karlagasparinidossantos.pdf: 1186792 bytes, checksum: dac7f21d89dd87a474e971fead9a7387 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:20:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 karlagasparinidossantos.pdf: 1186792 bytes, checksum: dac7f21d89dd87a474e971fead9a7387 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:20:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 karlagasparinidossantos.pdf: 1186792 bytes, checksum: dac7f21d89dd87a474e971fead9a7387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08 / Em países de clima tropical, os prejuízos causados pelo carrapato Riphichephalus (Boophilus) microplus causam grande impacto nos sistemas de produção bovino. A identificação de regiões genômicas e marcadores de DNA associados à resistência ao parasita poderão ser utilizados como estratégia para seleção de animais mais resistentes. Já foram descritos sete QTL relacionados à resistência ao carrapato bovino, porém, os estudos iniciais geralmente detectam QTL com uma resolução baixa ou moderada, sendo necessário o posterior refinamento da região onde o mesmo foi detectado. Dessa forma, esse trabalho teve como objetivo refinar a posição dos QTL previamente identificados com a adição de marcadores microssatélites em uma população bovina F2 formada a partir do cruzamento entre animais Gir e Holandês. Amostras de sêmen e sangue foram submetidas à extração de DNA e posterior PCR com os marcadores microssatélites. Os produtos de PCR foram detectados utilizando o seqüenciador automático de DNA MegaBACE 1000 e as análises estatísticas foram feitas utilizando o software GridQTL. As análises realizadas nos cromossomos 2, 5, 10, 11, 21, 23 e 27 confirmaram a presença dos QTL encontrados anteriormente e reduziram significativamente os intervalos de confiança da maioria dos QTL. Os QTL encontrados no BTA 2 e 27 foram significativos a Pc<0.05, aqueles localizados no BTA 5, 10, 11, 21 e 23 foram significativos a Pc<0.01. O BTA 2 sofreu redução no intervalo de confiança de 12 cM passando de 22 para 10 cM, assim como o BTA 5 que passou de 20 para 8 cM. No BTA 10 foi confirmada a presença de dois picos de QTL com intervalo de confiança de 27cM anteriormente detectado em 47 cM. O BTA 11 passou a apresentar um intervalo de confiança de 19 cM e BTA 21 de 36 cM sofreu redução para 26 cM. O BTA 23 apresentou a menor redução no intervalo de confiança na estação de chuva passando de 17 para 14 cM e na seca manteve inalterado com I.C. de 12 cM, assim como o BTA 27 que sofreu redução de apenas 1 cM passando para 7 cM. A adição de marcadores e a redução no intervalo de confiança de QTL previamente encontrados é um importante passo para a identificação de genes relacionados à resistência ao carrapato. / In tropical countries, losses caused by tick Rhipichephalus (Boophilus) microplus causes a great impact on cattle production systems. The identification of genomic regions and DNA markers associated to the parasite resistance may be used to select resistant animals. Seven QTL associated with tick resistance were described, however, the initial studies detect QTL with low or moderate resolution, being necessary the refinement of the regions where the QTL were detected. Thus, the aim of this work was refine the position of QTL previous identified with addiction of microsatellite markers in Gir X Holstein F2 population. Semen and blood samples were submitted to DNA extraction and then, the PCR were done using microsatellite markers. The PCR products were detected using DNA automatic sequencer MegaBACE1000 and the statistical analysis was performed using GridQTL software. The analysis performed on chromosome 2, 5, 10, 11, 21, 23 and 27 confirmed the presence of QTL previously found and the confidence intervals were significantly reduced in most of QTL. The QTL found on the BTA 2 and 27 were significant at Pc<0.05 and those located on BTA 5, 10, 11, 21 and 23 were significant at Pc<0.01. The BTA 2 was reduced 12 cM in the C.I., from 22 to 10 cM, and BTA 5 from 20 to 8. In BTA 10 was confirmed the presence of two QTL peaks with C.I. 27 cM, previously detected in 47 cM. BTA 11 reduced C.I. to 19 cM and BTA 21 reduced from 36 cM to 26 cM. BTA 23 showed the smallest reduction in C.I. in the rainy season, from 17 to 14 cM and in dry season the C.I remained unchanged with 12 cM, as the BTA 27 that reduced only 1 cM reaching 7 cM. The addiction of markers and the reduction in the confidence interval of QTL previously found is an important step to identify genes related to ticks resistance.

Nitrogen-rich materials are of increasing interests for the development of a wide variety of applications. These compounds are prime candidates for ligands used in the complexation of metals since they possess several lone pairs. Resulting complexes have also exhibited a wide variety of interesting properties, ranging from magnetism to gas absorption to energetic properties. This thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of new metallic complexes with the known energetic ligands: hydrazine and H3bta, as well as that of a new nitrogen-rich compound: H4ttp. Chapter 2 outlines a series of chains bridged by hydrazine and their potential as initiatory compounds. Mononuclear lanthanide H3bta complexes are presented in Chapter 3. The development of the new nitrogen-rich, tetrazole-based H4ttp ligand is described in Chapter 4. This new ligand was used to synthesise various lanthanide complexes through hydrothermal reactions.

<p>Luvata Sweden AB, Finspång, tillverkar tunna kopparband till fordons- och elektro-nikindustrin. Koppar har en förmåga att kemiskt reagera med den omgivande luften. Detta orsakar att kopparn missfärgas - det vill säga att metallen får en avvinkade färg. För att undvika att kopparn missfärgas under transport till kund, behandlas banden med ett missfärgningsskydd. Vid enstaka tillfällen fallerar dock detta skydd med missnöjda kunder och reklamationer som följd.</p><p>Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka möjligheten att reducera problemet med missfärgning. Detta har gjorts genom att undersöka möjligheten att dels införa en nyutvecklad kontrollutrustning och dels genom att förbättra produktionsproces-sen.</p><p>Möjligheten att använda kontrollutrustningen för acceptanskontroll undersöktes grundligt. Parametrar som förekomsten av systematiska och slumpmässiga fel under-söktes. Dessa undersökningar visade att utrustningen inte är lämplig att användas som acceptanskontroll - dels för att utrustningen är svår att använda och ibland ger felaktiga resultat, men framförallt för att produktionsproverna generellt har så dåligt missfärgningsskydd att samtliga prover blir underkända.</p><p>Möjliga förbättringar av påverkbara parametrar i produktionsprocessen undersöktes. Detta utfördes med ett så kallat flerfaktorförsök (DoE). Undersökningarna visade att det finns parametrar som bör förbättras. Det är emellertid inte möjligt att införa före-slagna förbättringar utan ganska omfattande förändringar i processen.</p> / <p>Luvata Sweden AB, Finspång, manufactures thin copper strips for the auto- and elec-tronics industry. Copper has the ability to react chemically with the surrounding at-mosphere. This will cause the copper to become discolored. To avoid discoloring during transport to customers, a protecting agent is used. In some occasions this protector has failed with dissatisfied costumers and complaints as a result.</p><p>The aim for this thesis work is to investigate the possibilities to reduce the discolor-ing problem. This has been done by investigating the possibility to introduce a newly developed control equipment and by possible improvements to the production proc-ess.</p><p>The possibility to use the control equipment for acceptance control was investigated. Parameters such as presence of systematic and random errors were considered. The equipment turned out to be hard to use and occasionally returned faulty readings. The main concern is however that no production sample is good enough to pass the test. It is therefore concluded that this control equipment is not suitable for accep-tance control.</p><p>Possible improvements to controllable parameters in the production process were investigated. A Design of Experiments (DoE) was used to evaluate these tasks. The DoE indicated possible improvements to some parameters. To introduce the pro-posed improvements, some major alterations of the production process have to be done.</p>

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att göra en jämförelse mellan uppmätt A-temp och framräknad A-temp. A-temp är ett area begrepp som används när man räknar ut byggnadens energianvändning i kWh per m2 och år, vid upprättande av energideklarationer.   För att få fram A-temp kan man mäta upp den men det är också tillåtet att räkna fram den från existerande area enheter. Vilket är lättare och går snabbare men kan ge något fel area värde.   Det jag fann i undersökningarna var att för de undersöknings objekt jag haft så är det oftast inte så stor skillnad mellan uppmätt och framräknad A-temp. Störst skillnad blev det i de fall där A-temp räknades fram från BOA och LOA, där den i ett par av fallen uppgick till nästan 15%.   För att göra undersökningarna har jag själv, mätt upp A-temp på ritningar samtidigt som jag räknat fram A-temp från existerande area mått som BOA+LOA, BRA eller BTA, därefter har jag jämfört värdena. / The main purpose of this paper was to compare the measured A-temp with the calculated A-temp. A–temp is an area term used in Sweden when calculating the buildings energy usage while performing energy assessments.To obtain A-temp you can measure it, this way you will get the exact value. Or you can calculate it, from other already existing area measurements. It is easier and more time efficient to calculate A-temp but it may deviate from the real A-temp.What I found in my study was that for most of the buildings I had chosen, there was not a very big deviation, between measured and calculated A-temp. The largest difference was when calculating A-temp from BOA+LOA when in two of the cases there were differences of 15 %.When doing this study, I have measured A-temp for the buildings, on blueprints. I have calculated A-temp from already measured area and compared them to each other.

Luvata Sweden AB, Finspång, tillverkar tunna kopparband till fordons- och elektro-nikindustrin. Koppar har en förmåga att kemiskt reagera med den omgivande luften. Detta orsakar att kopparn missfärgas - det vill säga att metallen får en avvinkade färg. För att undvika att kopparn missfärgas under transport till kund, behandlas banden med ett missfärgningsskydd. Vid enstaka tillfällen fallerar dock detta skydd med missnöjda kunder och reklamationer som följd. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka möjligheten att reducera problemet med missfärgning. Detta har gjorts genom att undersöka möjligheten att dels införa en nyutvecklad kontrollutrustning och dels genom att förbättra produktionsproces-sen. Möjligheten att använda kontrollutrustningen för acceptanskontroll undersöktes grundligt. Parametrar som förekomsten av systematiska och slumpmässiga fel under-söktes. Dessa undersökningar visade att utrustningen inte är lämplig att användas som acceptanskontroll - dels för att utrustningen är svår att använda och ibland ger felaktiga resultat, men framförallt för att produktionsproverna generellt har så dåligt missfärgningsskydd att samtliga prover blir underkända. Möjliga förbättringar av påverkbara parametrar i produktionsprocessen undersöktes. Detta utfördes med ett så kallat flerfaktorförsök (DoE). Undersökningarna visade att det finns parametrar som bör förbättras. Det är emellertid inte möjligt att införa före-slagna förbättringar utan ganska omfattande förändringar i processen. / Luvata Sweden AB, Finspång, manufactures thin copper strips for the auto- and elec-tronics industry. Copper has the ability to react chemically with the surrounding at-mosphere. This will cause the copper to become discolored. To avoid discoloring during transport to customers, a protecting agent is used. In some occasions this protector has failed with dissatisfied costumers and complaints as a result. The aim for this thesis work is to investigate the possibilities to reduce the discolor-ing problem. This has been done by investigating the possibility to introduce a newly developed control equipment and by possible improvements to the production proc-ess. The possibility to use the control equipment for acceptance control was investigated. Parameters such as presence of systematic and random errors were considered. The equipment turned out to be hard to use and occasionally returned faulty readings. The main concern is however that no production sample is good enough to pass the test. It is therefore concluded that this control equipment is not suitable for accep-tance control. Possible improvements to controllable parameters in the production process were investigated. A Design of Experiments (DoE) was used to evaluate these tasks. The DoE indicated possible improvements to some parameters. To introduce the pro-posed improvements, some major alterations of the production process have to be done.

Le perçage profond (Lu >= 5 x Øoutil) à l'aide de la technologie BTA (Boring Trepanning Association) intervient lorsqu'on souhaite fabriquer des pièces avec un bon rendement productif associé à une bonne qualité d'usinage. Les industries mécaniques évoluent dans un contexte de concurrence perpétuelle, avec des exigences technico-économiques toujours plus importantes. Cette étude résulte donc de la volonté de plusieurs acteurs industriels (AREVA et CIRTES) et universitaire (LEMTA, Université de Lorraine), de faire progresser la compréhension des mécanismes d'usinage qui régissent ce procédé. Une analyse bibliographique approfondie a révélé que cette technologie propose un champ d'investigation très vaste et relativement peu exploré car difficile à appréhender et à étudier. Le but de ce travail est d'analyser et de modéliser les phénomènes ayant lieu au cours d'une opération de perçage profond. Une analyse de la morphologie des copeaux a permis d'introduire un nouveau paramètre permettant d'évaluer les contraintes mécaniques subies par le matériau usiné. L'approche proposée permet quant elle de définir le torseur des contraintes mécaniques en intégrant la géométrie effective de coupe, et ce pour toutes les surfaces de coupe actives d'une tête de forage BTA. Les principes des modélisations utilisées permettent une application relativement aisée à de nombreux matériaux et à partir de l'identification d'un minimum de paramètres. Des moyens expérimentaux originaux ont permis d'identifier des paramètres ainsi que d'ajuster et d'étudier la validité des modélisations. Les limitations de la loi de comportement utilisée ont été mises en évidences, et des perspectives d'études complémentaires ont donc été proposées.Néanmoins, l'ensemble des résultats issus de cette étude ouvrent, modestement, des perspectives intéressantes, notamment dans le domaine d'aide aux choix des paramètres de coupe optimaux, et pour l'aide à la compréhension des phénomènes physiques de la coupe / Deep drilling (Drilling distance >= 5 x Øtool) with BTA system (Boring Trepanning Association) occurs when you produce parts with good productive performance combined with good machining quality. Mechanical industries operate in a context of constant competition, with ever greater technical and economic requirements. This study illustrates the desire of many industrial players (AREVA and CIRTES) and university (LEMTA, Université de Lorraine), to advance in the understanding of machining mechanisms that govern this process. A literature review revealed that this technology offers a vast and relatively unexplored field of investigation and study. The aim of this study is to analyze and modelling the phenomena which occurring in a deep drilling operation. An analysis of the morphology of the chips has introduced a new parameter for assessing the mechanical stresses suffered by the material being machined . The proposed approach allows to define the mechanical stress torsor by integrating the real cutting geometry, for all cut surfaces of active drilling head BTA. The principles of modeling used allow a relatively easy application to many materials and from the identification of a minimum parameters. Original experimental methods have allowed the identification of parameters and adjust and examine the validity of modeling. The limitations of the law of behavior have been used in evidence, and the prospects for further studies have been proposed. Nevertheless, all the results of this study open, modestly, interesting perspectives, especially in the field of helping for the choice of optimum cutting parameters, and help in the understanding of the physical phenomena of the cut

Des polymères supramoléculaires liés par liaisons hydrogènes basés sur des motifs associatifs de type benzène-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) et bis-urée ont été étudiés comme support dynamique pour la catalyse. Les propriétés catalytiques d'un lot de ligands, comprenant une série de onze nouveaux ligands bis-urées, et des co-monomères complémentaires ont été étudiés pour diverses réactions catalysées par des métaux. Des copolymères formés par mélange de monomères achiraux fonctionnalisés par des phosphines (les ligands) et des additifs sans fonctions phosphines (les co-monomères) ont été étudiés comme supports pour la catalyse asymétrique. L'objectif était de transférer, amplifier et changer la chiralité supramoléculaire du support polymère vers le centre métallique intrinsèquement achiral localisé à sa périphérie. Des mélanges de BTA ont été utilisés aves succès dans deux différentes catalyses asymétriques avec jusqu'à 85% ou 80% d'e.e. pour respectivement l'hydrogénation de l'itaconate de diméthyle catalysée par le rhodium et l'hydrosilylation de la 4'-nitro-acétophénone catalysée par le cuivre. Les centres catalytiques de rhodium et de cuivre supportés par les BTA montrent de fortes propriétés d'amplification de chiralité : i) pour la catalyse au rhodium, la quantité nécessaire de co-monomère chiral peut être réduite jusqu'à un quart de celle du ligand sans détérioration de l'énantioséléctivité de la réaction et ii) la chiralité du catalyseur au cuivre peut être changée pendant le déroulement de la réaction. Une autre plateforme, basée sur des mélanges de monomères bis-urée, a aussi été étudiée dans plusieurs réactions asymétriques catalysées par des métaux mais de l’énantioséléctivité n’a été obtenue que pour l’hydrosilylation de la 4’-nitro-acétophénone catalysé par le cuivre (22% e.e.). Dans le contexte de l’organocatalyse, la possibilité de modifier l’activité d’un centre catalytique de type thiourée en contrôlant son auto-assemblage a aussi été étudié. Au bilan, nos études montrent clairement les propriétés innovantes de catalyseurs supportés par des polymères supramoléculaires liés par liaisons hydrogène. / Hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers based on benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) and bis-urea recognition units were investigated as dynamic scaffolds for catalysis. The catalytic properties of a full set of ligands, including a series of eleven new bis-urea ligands, and complementary co-monomers have been investigated in various metal-catalyzed reactions. Co-polymers formed by mixing an achiral phosphine-functionalized monomer (the ligand) and a chiral phosphine-free additive (the co-monomer) were investigated as scaffolds for asymmetric catalysis. The aim was to transfer, amplify and switch the supramolecular chirality of the polymer scaffold to intrinsically achiral metal centres located at its periphery. BTA mixtures have been successfully applied in two different asymmetric reactions providing up to 85% and 80% e.e. in the rhodium-catalysed hydrogenation of dimethylitaconate and in the copper-catalysed hydrosilylation of 4’-nitro-acetophenone respectively. The BTA scaffold supporting the catalytic rhodium and copper centres display strong chirality amplification properties: i) for the rhodium catalysis, the amount of chiral co-monomer can be decreased down to one-fourth of that of the ligand without deteriorating the enantioselectivity of the reaction and ii) the chirality of the copper catalyst can be switched during the course of the catalytic reaction. In the case of the bis-urea platform, mixtures of monomers have been investigated in several asymmetric metal-catalysed reactions but selectivity was obtained only for the copper-catalyzed hydrosilylation of 4’-nitro-acetophenone (22% e.e). We also tested the use of supramolecular polymers in the context of organocatalysis: the possibility of tuning the activity of a thiourea catalytic centre by controlling its self-assembly behaviour was investigated. Overall, our studies clearly reveal the innovative properties of catalysts supported by hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers

In vitro dissolution, release and permeation testing is a common practice during drug product research and development. These in vitro tests, if predictive, are referred to as biorelevant tests and can play diverse roles to facilitate and expedite product development in a cost effective manner. Oral transmucosal products (OTPs) are currently tested using compendial and modified in vitro tests which may or may not be good predictors of in vivo performance due to a lack of biorelevance. A critical need for a broadly applicable and biorelevant in vitro system for OTPs has been expressed in the literature and the goal of this research was the development and validation of a biorelevant in vitro method that can facilitate accurate prediction of the in vivo behavior of OTPs. A combined strategy of appropriate apparatus design and relevant physiological and in vitro variable adjustment was investigated to incorporate biorelevance into evaluation of OTPs. A novel in vitro device, the bidirectional transmucosal apparatus (BTA), was designed and fabricated which allowed simulation of the oral cavity and its physiological variables to evaluate OTPs in a more realistic fashion. The BTA was tested using snus (a type of smokeless tobacco) as the OTP product. A simple and selective high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with photodiode array (PDA) detection was developed and validated to assess in vitro nicotine release and permeation (Linearity: 0.5 – 32 μg/mL; calibration curve accuracy (%recovery, n=5 ): 97.98-103.20%; calibration curve precision (%RSD, n=5): 0.15-3.14%). The performance of BTA was compared with the modified USP IV flow through apparatus (USP IV) and a commercially available vertical diffusion cell (VDC). The observed in vitro in vivo relationship (IVIVR) slopes with the USP IV, VDC and BTA were 0.27, 2.01 and 2.11 respectively. The BTA was selected over the VDC and USP IV devices because of better simulation and adjustment of variables to incorporate biorelevance in the test of OTPs. Additionally, the BTA allows study of permeation and release simultaneously unlike VDC and USP IV apparatuses. Further, the different BTA parameters were sequentially screened for their impact on in vitro rate of nicotine permeation that can be employed for the optimization of IVIVR for snus. Based on the results, stimulated saliva swallowing rate (SSSR) and media temperature were considered as significant factors affecting in vitro permeation of nicotine and used to further optimize IVIVR for snus. A 32 multifactorial experimental design integrating SSSR (0.32, 1.66 and 3 mL/min) and media temperature (25, 37 and 45 °C) was employed. Based on the response surface analysis, 0.55 mL/min SSSR and 43 °C media temperature were identified as optimal BTA conditions that would give perfect IVIVR (i.e. IVIVR slope close to one) for snus. The experimental value of IVIVR slope (0.92) at these optimal conditions indicated that the BTA is a valid in vitro system for evaluation of OTPs in a biorelevant manner. The applicability of BTA for predicting nicotine permeation from ‘Stonewall’, a dissolvable compressed tobacco was also evaluated. However, comparable in vitro nicotine permeation and in vivo nicotine absorption profiles were not obtained (ratio of in vitro permeation to in vivo absorption rate ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 at different in vitro conditions) either due to the unavailability of reliable clinical data or due to inherently different in vivo behavior of Stonewall compared to snus that would require further modification in the BTA. In conclusion, this research demonstrated the potential of the novel in vitro device to be a valuable tool for the prediction of in vivo performance of snus. The application of the novel bidirectional transmucosal apparatus for other types of OTPs will be an interesting subject for further investigation.

In my master's tehsis I'm dealin with the methods used for non-invasive blood pressure measurement. For realization of a virtual blood pressure meter in LabVEW I have chosen the oscillometric method. Algorithm determining systolic and diastolic blood pressure is based on the relatively easy detection of maximum amplitude oscillations (corresponds with a mean arterial pressure), when thelimiting valuesof blood pressure are in a specific ratio with a maximum amplitude of oscillation. In LabVIEW was solved loading of signal from the measure card and processing pressure curve into a form suitable for the detection of the peak oscillations. The program calculates the limits of arterial pressure and mean heart rate too. Linking the virtual device with the blood pressure sensor Vernier BPS-BTA then makes up komplex for capturing the blood pressure via oscillatory method.

Les codes correcteurs d'erreurs sont utilisés pour reconstituer les données numériques, qui sont sujettes à des altérations lors de leur stockage et de leur transport. Il s'agit là de l'utilisation principale des codes correcteurs mais ils peuvent encore être employés en cryptographie. Ils sont dans ce contexte un outil permettant, entre autres choses, de chiffrer des données et d'authentifier des personnes. Ces différents aspects sont traités dans ce document. Pour commencer, nous étudions la classe de codes cycliques possédant un ensemble de définition de la forme {1, 2^i+1, 2^j+1}, où i et j désignent des entiers positifs distincts. Nous concentrons notre attention sur la caractérisation des codes trois-correcteurs appartenant à cette classe ainsi que sur la distribution de poids de ces codes. Nous améliorons l'algorithme de Schaub, qui donne une minoration de la distance minimale des codes cycliques. Nous mettons en oeuvre cet algorithme pour calculer l'immunité spectrale de fonctions booléennes. Cette quantité est reliée à la distance minimale de codes cycliques et est importante pour garantir la sécurité dans certains cryptosystèmes de chiffrement à flot. Dans un second temps, nous proposons une solution pour accélérer le calcul des racines de polynômes dans des corps finis de caractéristique deux. Ce calcul est la phase la plus lente du déchiffrement des cryptosystèmes de type McEliece basés sur les codes de Goppa binaires classiques. Nous fournissons une analyse de la complexité de l'algorithme sous-jacent baptisé BTZ. Nous achevons nos travaux par une étude des protocoles d'authentification à bas coût, dérivés du protocole HB, en adoptant une approche basée sur le problème du décodage par syndrome, plutôt que par l'approche standard, fondée sur le problème LPN.