Arbetet behandlar utvecklingsprocessen för en insats till en ARCAM S12 Electron Beam Melting-maskin.   Behovet består i att dagens maskin kräver en full tank med tillverk-ningsmaterial för att kunna användas. Den överdrivna materialtillför-seln leder till att maskinen ej kan ses som lämplig för materialforskning, då nya material måste tillverkas i stora satser varav en stor del går som svinn. Målet med arbetet blev därför att utveckla en insats till maskinen, som skulle göra den gångbar att använda vid materialforskning, utan att permanent påverka ursprungsfunktionen.   Den utvecklade insatsen har som funktion att sänka materialanvänd-ningen i maskinen, och därigenom göra maskinen applicerbar för materialforskning. Detta genom att minska byggytan och skapa en mer sofistikerad materialmatning än originalutförandets. Materialmatningen är också modulär, på så sätt att mängden materialpulver som matas ut per cykel kan varieras med olika insatser.   Under arbetets gång behandlas alla processens steg, från målspecifikat-ionen till det slutgiltiga konstruktionsunderlaget. Projektet startade med en funktionsanalys och uppställande av en målspecifikation. Därefter startade konceptgenereringsprocessen med både kreativa och mer stringenta utvecklingsmetoder. Efter detta genomfördes konceptval med flera strukturerade konceptvalsmetoder. Det valda konceptet modellerades sedan i sin slutgiltiga form i SolidWorks. Via SolidWorks interna ritningssystem ritades även konstruktionsunderlag till insatts-modulen.   Projektets resultat är ett färdigt konstruktionsunderlag för en modul som passar i en ARCAM S12 EBM-maskin. Denna modul minskar byggvolymen till 110x110xbygghöjden i millimeter, och likriktar mängden material applicerat mellan lagerna. / This thesis work is focused on the product development of an insert module for an ARCAM S12 Electron Beam Melting machine The need for an insert module comes from the fact that the machine requires a full tank of building material to operate as intended. With concern to the large building volume the original machine cannot be seen as a viable alternative for materials research, because such research often uses expensive experimental materials. The goal for the module is therefore to lower the use of building material, and trough that make the machine viable for materials research without permanently affecting the original function. Another important function of the new module is the possibility to control and synchronize the amount of material dispensed between layers of the build.     During the length of the thesis, the entire development process of the module is discussed. From the target specification, to the finished blueprints.   The process started with the establishment of a target specification, followed by a phase of concept development containing both creative and stringent methods. After these concepts had been evaluated and culled through structured methods a final concept was selected. This concept was then modeled in Solid Works and technical drawings of the model was made for the blueprint.   The result of the thesis work is a finished blueprint for an insert module that fits an ARCAM S12 EBM machine. This module has lowered the build volume to 110x110xthe build height in millimeters, and has the possibility to synchronize the amount of material dispensed between layers. / <p>Betyg 190909</p>

Idag är miljö och hållbarhet en mycket aktuell fråga, inte minst i byggbranschen. Branschen står för en stor del av all energianvändning och det avfall som genereras. I strävan mot ett hållbart samhälle finns ett stort utrymme för utveckling och förbättring. Rapporten behandlar hur en gemensam och traditionell avfallshantering skiljer sig utifrån flera aspekter. En jämförelse av totalt uppkommet avfall, fraktionsfördelning, medeltömning och behandlingskostnader har genomförts. Från produktionsdata har det konstaterats att den gemensamma avfallshanteringen genererat mindre avfallsmängder, både totalt och per BTA. Störst procentuell minskning har skett i fraktionerna blandat avfall och deponi, vilka båda är relaterade till stora kostnader och miljöpåverkan. Behandlingskostnaden per BTA har minskat med 39 % i den gemensamma avfallshanteringen. Oavsett avfallshanteringsmetod utgör brännbart den största avfallsmängden och högsta behandlingskostnaden. Här finns utrymme för förbättringar och vidare sortering. Den gemensamma avfallshanteringen använder främst små avfallsbehållare vilket uppfattats vara en av orsakerna till bättre sortering och minskad total avfallsmängd. En annan orsak är antalet fraktioner som nyttjats i projekten, där en tydlig minskning av mängden blandat avfall påvisats i samband med ett ökat antal fraktioner. Kundnyttor och mervärden har varit svåra att styrka annat än från diskussioner med personer i branschen samt från egna observationer. Exempel på mervärde är flexibiliteten att anpassa avfallshanteringen efter behoven som uppstår på plats. Fortsättningsvis bör man tidigt i byggprocessen utreda om en gemensam avfallshantering är möjlig eller inte. Om möjligheten finns bör denna nyttjas för att minska avfallsmängder och behandlingskostnader. En gemensam avfallshantering kan till exempel användas av bolag med flera projekt inom samma område. / Sustainability and the environment are current issues in today’s world, especially in the construction industry. The industry stands for a big part of the energy consumption and the waste that is generated. There are considerable scopes for development and improvement to pursuit a sustainable community. The report describes, from many perspectives how common and traditional waste management are different from each other and a comparison has been done of total waste, fraction distribution, average voiding and treatment cost. Production data has shown that common waste management is producing less waste, both totally and per gross floor area. The fractions mixed waste and waste dump have the biggest percentage reduction. Both are related to large cost and environmental impact. Treatment costs per gross floor area have been reduced by 39 % in the common waste management. The fraction combustible has the largest amount of waste and the biggest treatment cost regardless of the waste management method. Here is room for improvement and further sorting.                                                                                                                              The common waste management uses mostly small containers which are perceived to be one reason for better sorting and less waste produced. Another reason is the amount of fractions used in the projects. A distinct reduction of mixed waste has been detected with higher amount of fractions. Costumer benefits and other values are hard to justify other than from discussions with people in the business and from our own observations. An example of benefits is the flexibility to adjust the waste management by needs arising on site. Further should an investigation be done early in the building process to see if a common waste management is possible or not. If it is a possibility, it should be used to lower the amount of waste and cost. Common waste management could for example be used when many companies have projects in the same area.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the evaluation of public contracts according to economic benefits according to the Building Act No. 134/2016 Coll., On the award of public contracts. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts in the field of public procurement. The practical part deals with case studies related to the evaluation and description of evaluation criteria of public contracts awarded by the Desin&Build method.

No description available.

Inspirational Speech given on the occasion of the meeting of German as well as selected Austrian, Polish and Swiss UNESCO Chairs from 28 to 29 October 2011 at the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany

Phylloid-algal mounds form heterogeneous hydrocarbon reservoirs in the southeastern portion (Blanding sub-basin) of the Paradox Basin. Well-studied Lower Ismay mounds exposed along walls of the San Juan River gorge in the vicinity of Eight Foot Rapids, the west limb of the Raplee Anticline, and at the classic Honaker Trail locality (southwestern Paradox Basin) have often been cited as outcrop analogs of productive subsurface mounds. Until now, however, there has not been a complete description of the distribution, size, and spacing of outcropping algal mounds at the classic Eight Foot Rapids locality. The Lower Ismay sequence was analyzed in the context of a build-and-fill model of deposition. There are three facies associations within the sequence: 1) a basal lowstand to middle highstand pre-mound facies association, 2) a late highstand to middle falling stage phylloid algal-dominated relief-building facies association, and 3) a late falling stage, post-mound relief-filling facies association. Above the basal maximum flooding surface (Gothic Shale), the facies succession displays a distinct shallowing upward trend through the Lower Ismay sequence. Mound dimensions and facies stacking patterns permit evaluation of two depositional models. The first is a traditional, moderate- to low-energy model of vertical and radial mound accumulation of phylloid algal plates. The second is a high-energy, tidally influenced model of accumulation wherein mounds become hydrodynamically elongate. Outcrop data indicate that algal-dominated buildups are domal in shape with no preferred axis of elongation. These patterns do not support a hydrodynamic accumulation of loose algal plate fragments. The absence of in-situ algal thalli in all but the upper few tens of centimeters of the mounds, however, argues against a purely biological/ecological origin of mounds. A down-stepping ramp model is proposed wherein a muddy algal facies was deposited at the base of the mounds in the low energy of the outer ramp, followed by a grain-rich algal core in the mid-ramp environment. Mounds tops accumulated in an algal bafflestone facies in the inner ramp setting. Restriction of energy due to basinward algal buildup may have also contributed to deposition of algal bafflestone. Mounds accumulated radially at differential rates and were influenced by these variations in energy. This differential deposition of microfacies and subsequent diagenetic alteration have produced heterogeneities in algal reservoir rock, producing algal mound reservoirs that have a high potential for compartmentalization.

The Design/Bid/Build (DBB) delivery method has historically been the most popular and the most effective means of determining the least cost for building a project based upon a set of construction documents. In recent years, however, other project delivery methods, including but limited to Construction Manager/General Contractor (CM/GC) and Design/Build (DB), have slowly taken a share of the construction market away from the DBB delivery method. The choice of delivery method that will produce the best value for an owner in the measurements of efficiency in quality, cost, and timeliness depends upon the type of project and the business culture of the project owner. A unique opportunity for a comparative study was presented by the Meetinghouse Facilities Department (MFD) of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The MFD completed over 200 repetitive meetinghouse projects in the U.S. over a five-year period (1999-2003), contracting approximately two-thirds of the projects using a CM/GC delivery method with an attached partnering agreement. The remaining meetinghouses were contracted using a DBB delivery method. A comprehensive comparison was conducted measuring all of the efficiencies created by the selection of delivery method, including short- and long-term costs, direct and indirect costs, construction cycle time, and quality assessment scores. After identifying and then adjusting for several confounding variables in the historical data, the statistical analysis provided evidence that the CM/GC delivery method proved to be the best value for the MFD by producing a total cost savings of over 5.5 percent on the meetinghouse projects when compared to the DBB meetinghouse projects. Construction cycle time was 20% shorter on the CM/GC meetinghouse projects and quality assessment (QA) scores were consistently higher. In regards to a 10-year life cycle repair costs, the CM/GC delivery method produced a higher quality meetinghouse, reducing repair costs by 34% when compared to the DBB meetinghouse projects.

Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande in vitro-studie är att undersöka passformen på ett 3D-printat polymerbaserat material för stabiliseringsskenor över tid, framställt i två olika printningsvinklar.  Material och metod: 16 provkroppar tillverkades av Keysplint soft® Clear for Carbon® Printers och delades in i två grupper beroende på printningsvinkel. Åtta provkroppar printades i 0° och åtta printades i 10°. Provkropparna genomgick termocykling på 10 000 cykler och passformen utvärderades med replikatekniken där gruppernas medelvärden jämfördes i fem parametrar mot respektive referensvärde i CAD-inställningen. Statistisk analys gjordes med One-Way ANOVA, Tukey’s test och signifikansnivån sattes till α = 0,05.  Resultat: Signifikant skillnad fanns för grupperna 0° och 0°TC i två av fem parametrar. Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad före och efter termocykling för provkroppar printade i 10°. Signifikant skillnad hittades i tre parametrar mellan grupperna 0° och 10°. Slutsats: Inom föreliggande studies begränsningar kunde det påvisas att: 3D-printade stabiliseringsskenor med 0° printningsvinkel ger bättre passform än skenor med 10° printningsvinkel. 3D-printade stabiliseringsskenor med 10° printningsvinkel ger bättre passform över tid. / Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the fit of a 3D-printed polymeric material for splint appliance over time with two different printing angles. Material and method: 16 specimens were manufactured by Keysplint Soft® Clear for Carbon® Printers and were divided in two groups. Eight specimens were printed with a 0° angle and eight printed with a 10° angle. The specimens underwent a thermal cycling of 10 000 cycles and the fit was evaluated by the replica technique. The groups mean values were compared in five parameters against the reference value in the CAD-setting. Statistical analysis was done with One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test and significance level was set to α = 0,05. Results: Significant differences were found between groups 0° and 0°TC in two out of the five parameters. No significant differences were found before and after thermal cycling for specimens printed with a 10° angle. Significant differences were found in three parameters between groups 0° and 10°. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study the conclusions are: 3D-printed splint appliance indicates a better fit printed with 0° angle than with 10° angle. 3D-printed splint appliance printed with the 10° angle indicates a better fit over time.

[pt] Este projeto de pesquisa propõe analisar formas de participação e apropriação da laje, inserida no contexto espacial da favela, e tendo como estudo de caso o bairro da Rocinha, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A dissertação investiga conceitos que subvertem noções tradicionais de conceituação espacial, e como se dá a autogestão dos moradores no que concerne aspectos relacionados com o uso da laje. No tecido urbano densamente ocupado das favelas, este espaço nas moradias pode funcionar como interface de interseção entre os limites do espaço coletivo e privado. Foram, portanto, investigadas as ações e intervenções dos moradores na laje através de um enfoque na observação de abordagens socioculturais nesse ambiente. Reconhece-se na laje um tipo determinado de apropriação urbana, identificando-a como uma alternativa dos residentes à escassez de espaços públicos livres em favelas. Podemos observar que ela é usada como local de práticas vinculadas a processos de autoconstrução e ao aluguel, evidenciando aspectos relacionados ao valor de uso e de troca da laje. No caso da Rocinha, tanto em seu cotidiano como durante a pandemia de COVID-19, observamos manifestações coletivas na laje associadas à atividades sociais múltiplas. O processo de pesquisa de campo também revelou a laje vislumbrada sob a ótica do morador, como um espaço de projeção de sonho. Tornou-se aparente nestes processos sobretudo um caráter descrito na pesquisa como natureza híbrida. Foram definidas como técnicas de pesquisa: revisão de literatura; pesquisa etnográfica online qualitativa; e pesquisa de campo pela participação em encontros de coletivos. / [en] This research project proposes to analyze forms of participation and appropriation of the slab, inserted in the spatial context of the favela, and having as a case study the Rocinha neighborhood in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The dissertation investigates concepts that subvert traditional notions of spatial conceptualization, and how the residents self-management occurs regarding aspects related to the use of the slab. In the densely occupied urban fabric of the slums, this space in the dwellings can function as an interface of intersection between the limits of collective and private space. Therefore, the actions and interventions of slum dwellers are investigated through a focus on the observation of sociocultural approaches in this environment. A particular type of urban appropriation is recognized in the slab, identifying it as an alternative of residents to the scarcity of free public spaces in slums. We can observe that it is used as a place for practices linked to self-construction and renting processes, showing aspects related to the use and exchange value of the slab. In the case of Rocinha, both in its daily life and during the pandemic of COVID-19, we observed collective manifestations on the slab associated with multiple social activities. The field research process also revealed the slab glimpsed from the perspective of the inhabitant, as a space of dream projection. It became apparent in these processes above all a character described in the research as hybrid nature. The research techniques defined were: literature review; qualitative online ethnographic research; and field research through participation in collective meetings.

Stora infrastrukturprojekt kännetecknas ofta av osäkerheter och att många arbetsmoment och tekniker både är komplexa och icke-rutinmässiga. Som svar på komplexiteten och osäkerheterna blir entreprenadformen totalentreprenad allt mer förekommande inom anläggnings- och infrastruktursektorn. I totalentreprenader ansvarar entreprenören för projekteringen men på grund av komplexiteten på projekten saknar entreprenören ofta den nödvändiga kunskapen för att genomföra projekteringen och således behöver en eller flera externa projektörer upphandlas. Detta anses vara en av de främsta fördelarna med entreprenadformen då den främjar ett ökat kunskapsutbyte mellan projektörer och entreprenörer vilket, i teorin, bör leda till en optimering av resultatet gällande både projekteringen och produktionen. I anbudsskedet för totalentreprenader ska entreprenören, utifrån översiktliga funktionsbeskrivningar, projektera och prissätta projektet. Ett problem med anbudsprojektering för totalentreprenader är att konsultkostnaderna betalas av totalentreprenören och om entreprenören inte bli tilldelad entreprenaden är kostnaden för projekteringen förlorade pengar. Anbudsprojekteringen blir således en balansgång för entreprenören att projektera i tillräcklig utsträckning för att identifiera kostnadseffektiva lösningar samtidigt som projekteringskostnaderna hålls nere. Tidigare studier om upphandling av anläggningsprojekt har främst fokuserat på entreprenadupphandling medan det finns begränsat med forskning kring upphandling av konsulter. Syftet med studien har således varit att undersöka hur arbetet med upphandling och genomförandet av anbudsprojektering vid totalentreprenader för anläggningsprojekt sker i dagsläget. Med studien avsågs det även att kartlägga vilka som anses vara de största utmaningar som finns i arbetet med upphandling och genomförande av anbudsprojektering för totalentreprenader. Utifrån de identifierade utmaningarna var målet sedan att fram rekommendationer som byggföretag skulle kunna använda sig av för att förbättra arbetet med att anbudsprojektering. För att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor samt uppfylla studiens syfte och mål har studien genomförts med hjälp av en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi där fokus har varit att skapa djupare förståelse för problemområdet. Insamling av data för studien har primärt genomförts genom två olika insamlingsmetoder, en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie. Intervjustudien är den huvudsakliga datainsamlingen i studien och består av totalt tio stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer, tre stycken med projektörer och sju stycken med entreprenörer. Genom att intervjua både projektörer och entreprenörer erhålls möjligheten att analysera processen och jämföra åsikterna mellan de inblandade parterna. Studien visar att anbudsprojektering är en komplex process som kännetecknas av osäkerheter och tidspress där de inblandade parterna saknar erfarenhet och kunskap för att kunna bedriva ett effektivt arbete. Studien visar även att valet av upphandlingsstrategi både har stor påverkan på resultatet av projekteringen samt en direkt påverkan på hur genomförandet av anbudsprojekteringen måste utföras. Entreprenörer är vana vid traditionell, kontrollfokuserad projektledning med fokus på tid och pengar medan anbudsprocessen, som är kantad av osäkerheter och tidspress, kräver ett utvecklat projektledarskap med fokus på samarbete, explorativt lärande och anpassning. / Large projects in the infrastructure sector are characterized by the fact that many work steps and techniques are both complex and non-routine. In response to the complexity and uncertainties, design-build contracts are becoming more and more common in the infrastructure sector. In design-build contracts, the contractor is responsible for the design, however, due to the complexity of the projects, the contractor often lacks the necessary knowledge to carry out the design and thus an external consultant needs to be procured. The advantage of design-build contracts is that it promotes an increased exchange of knowledge between the consultants and contractors, which, potentially, should be able to optimize both the design process and the production in order to respond to the complexity of the projects. In the tendering stage of design-build contracts, the contractor have to, based on general descriptions, design and calculate a price for the project. A major problem with the tendering design for design-build contracts is that the consulting costs are paid by the contractor and if the contractor is not awarded the contract for the project, the cost of the design is considered as lost money. The contractor must therefore choose between designing the project in detail or keeping down the costs of the design work. Previous studies on procurement of infrastructure projects have mainly focused on procurement of the contractor, while the focus on consulting procurement is more unusual. The aim with this study was to investigate how the contractors should work with procurement of design in the tendering stage of design-build contracts in order to create a basis for a successful project. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the work with procurement and implementation of tendering design for design-build contracts for infrastructure projects currently looks like. The study also intends to identify the biggest challenges that exist in the work with procurement and implementation of design in the tendering stage of design-build contracts.  In order to answer the study's purpose and aim, the study has been carried out with a qualitative research strategy where the focus has been on creating a deeper understanding of the problem. The data collection for the study was primarily carried out through two different methods, a literature study and an interview study. The interview study is the main data collection and consists of a total of ten semi-structured interviews, three with consultants and seven with contractors. By interviewing both consultants and contractors, the opportunity to analyse the process and compare the opinions between the parties involved is obtained. The study shows that routines and methods for procurement, assignment specification and project management of design in the tendering stage of design-built contracts are inadequate. The tendering stage in design-build contracts is a complex process where the parties lack experience and knowledge. It also appears in the study that the contractor would need to implement alternative working methods in order to be able to lead this process. Contractors are used to traditional, control-focused project management with a focus on time and money, whilst the tendering process, which is fraught with uncertainties and time pressure, requires a flexibility-focused project leadership with a focus on collaboration, exploratory learning and adaptation.