Tesis por compendio / [EN] Under the well-known slogan 'think global, act local', cities in the 21st century face the enor-mous challenge of catalyzing, intensifying and accelerating sustainable urban transformations. Without losing a holistic view, the methodology presented in this thesis places the focus on 're-source management and climate mitigation and adaptation', in particular in urban stormwater management, proposing processes that can bring about the required change, shaped by the place-based approach of the regenerative sustainability paradigm. Building upon literature and practice that supports a flexible approach to stormwater manage-ment in urban environments that mimic natural processes and predevelopment hydrology (Sus-tainable Drainage Systems, SuDS) as one way to, amongst others, help to prevent and adapt to climate change, the thesis highlights the relevance of the connection to the place for adoption of best practices that conduct towards a regenerative system. Hence, it incorporates this con-nection to the place to the SuDS representation, naming it the SuDS 'landed rocket'. The proposed methodology includes a conceptual framework, specific method and tools, that allows for the understanding and the characterization of the current situation of a urban stormwater system in a process that guides future actions to move towards the desired regen-erative urban built environment concept, with a place-based holistic view. This methodology has been applied to Benaguasil, a Mediterranean city, where stormwater management is the local authority's responsibility and has been historically guided by main-stream conventional drainage practices. The thesis shows how, by taking a multi-dimensional and trans-disciplinary approach to solve environmental problems, future actions can be proper-ly addressed. Working with academia has been essential to develop wider evidence base. In this case, a sequence of research projects has advanced the innovative approach to stormwater management in Benaguasil, but it is contended that this methodology could be applied to any urban context. The thesis aims to enhance smart governance by providing information about the successful implementation and monitoring of SuDS showcase sites in Mediterranean Spain. These show-case sites are catalysts in the transition towards regenerative urban built environments in the region. In addition, it provides international examples that add further credence for improved urban ecological infrastructure by demonstrating what success can look like. / [ES] Bajo el conocido eslogan 'piensa global, actúa local', las ciudades del siglo XXI se enfrentan al gran reto de catalizar, intensificar y acelerar las transformaciones hacia un urbanismo sostenible. Desde una perspectiva holística, la metodología presentada en esta tesis se centra en 'la gestión de los recursos y la adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático', en particular en la gestión de las escorrentías urbanas, proponiendo los procesos que pueden ayudar al cambio requerido, bajo el enfoque del paradigma de la sostenibilidad regenerativa local. A partir de las referencias bibliográficas y experiencias que avalan a los Sistemas de Drenaje Sostenible (SuDS) como enfoque flexible a la gestión de las escorrentías urbanas, tratando de mimetizar los procesos hidrológicos previos al desarrollo urbano (que entre otros, contribuyen a la prevención y adaptación frente al cambio climático de las ciudades), la tesis subraya la relevancia de la conexión con el lugar para la selección de las mejores soluciones que lo conduzcan hacia un sistema regenerativo. Así, se incorpora esta conexión con el lugar a la representación de los SuDS, dándole el nombre de 'SuDS landed rocket'. La metodología propuesta incluye un marco conceptual, un método y herramientas específicas que permiten el entendimiento y caracterización de la situación actual de un sistema de drenaje urbano en un proceso que guíe acciones futuras para progresar hacia el concepto del medioambiente urbano regenerativo deseado, con una perspectiva holística local. La metodología se ha aplicado en Benaguasil, una ciudad mediterránea, donde la gestión del agua de lluvia es responsabilidad local y que ha estado influenciada históricamente por prácticas convencionales de drenaje. La tesis muestra cómo adoptando un enfoque multidimensional y multidisciplinar para resolver problemas medioambientales, las acciones futuras se pueden plantear correctamente. El trabajo con las instituciones académicas se ha demostrado esencial para desarrollar evidencias de base más amplias. En este caso, una serie de proyectos de investigación ha permitido el avance de Benaguasil hacia una gestión del agua de lluvia más innovadora. La experiencia demuestra que la metodología podría ser aplicada a cualquier otro contexto urbano. La tesis pretende mejorar la gobernanza inteligente proveyendo información respecto de la implementación y monitorización exitosas de SuDS en experiencias piloto en la España mediterránea. Estas demostraciones son catalizadoras de la transición hacia un medio ambiente urbano regenerativo en la región. Además, presenta ejemplos que se añaden al catálogo internacional de experiencias, mostrando el camino del éxito hacia un entorno urbano más saludable y habitable. / [CA] Sota el conegut lema 'pensa global, actua local', les ciutats del segle XXI s'enfronten al gran repte de catalitzar, intensificar i accelerar les transformacions cap a un urbanisme sostenible. Des d'una perspectiva holística, la metodologia presentada en esta tesis es centra en 'la gestió dels recursos i la adaptació i mitigació al canvi climàtic', en particular en la gestió de les escorrenties urbanes, proposant processos que poden ajudar al canvi requés, des d'una òptica del paradigma de la sostenibilitat regenerativa local. A partir de les referències bibliogràfiques i experiències que avalen els Sistemes de Drenatge Sostenible (SuDS) com una aproximació flexible a la gestió de les escorrenties urbanes, tractant de mimetitzar els processos hidrològics previs al desenvolupament urbà (que entre altres, contribueixen a la prevenció i adaptació al canvi climàtic de les ciutats), la tesis subratlla la rellevància de la connexió al lloc per a la selecció de les millors solucions que el puguen conduir cap a un sistema regeneratiu. D'esta manera, s'incorpora esta connexió al lloc en la representació dels SuDS, donant-li el nom de 'SuDS landed rocket'. La metodologia proposta inclou un marc conceptual, un mètode i unes eines especifiques que permeten l'enteniment i caracterització de la situació actual d'un sistema de drenatge urbà en un procés que guie accions futures per a progressar cap al concepte de medi ambient urbà regeneratiu desitjat, amb una perspectiva holística local. La metodologia s'ha aplicat a Benaguasil, una ciutat mediterrània, on la gestió de l'aigua de pluja és responsabilitat local, i que ha estat influenciada històricament per pràctiques convencionals de drenatge. La tesis mostra com adoptant un punt de mira multidimensional i multidisciplinari per a resoldre problemes medi ambientals, les accions futures es poden plantejar correctament. El treball amb les institucions acadèmiques s'ha demostrat essencial per a crear evidències de base més amples. En este cas, una sèrie de projectes europeus d'investigació ha permès l'avanç de Benaguasil cap a una gestió de l'aigua de pluja més innovadora. L'experiència demostra que la metodologia podria ser aplicada a qualsevol altre context urbà. La tesis pretén millorar la governança intel¿ligent aportant informació respecte de la implementació i monitorització exitoses de SuDS en experiències pilot en la Espanya mediterrània. Estes demostracions son catalitzadores de la transició cap a un medi ambient urbà regeneratiu en la regió. A més a més, presenta exemples que s'afegeixen al catàleg internacional d'experiències, mostrant el camí del èxit cap a un entorn urbà més saludable i habitable. / Perales Momparler, CS. (2015). A regenerative urban stormwater management methodology. The role of SuDS construction and monitoring in the transition of a Mediterranean city [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/59063 / Compendio

The opportunity to educate obese patients on healthy lifestyle practices and address habits related to chronic disease development is present among many physician office visits, though this opportunity is often overlooked (Flocke, Stange, & Goodwin, 1998). Understanding ways to improve the medical education and enhance the counseling skills of future physicians are of practical and personal relevance to current research. By improving the ways in which physicians counsel obese patients on weight management practices, the healthcare paradigm is poised to create an indelible mark on the wellbeing of our nation. Based on the need to address patient education and counseling, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physician attitudes and health behaviors on their overall communication and communication skills. The study surveyed 38 second-year medical residents at the New York University Bellevue School of Medicine using the Weight Management Survey developed by NYU researchers. Communication and counseling skills were measured using scores from Objective Structured Clinical Exams (OSCEs) administered on the same day as the Weight Management Counseling survey. Results of the survey and the OSCEs were analyzed to investigate relationships between each survey item of three categories of questions (attitudes toward weight management counseling, attitudes toward obese patients, physician health habits) and each of two sets of OSCE scores (obesity-related communication skills and overall counseling skills). Results of the data analysis suggest significant relationships between physicians' personal health habits–specifically dietary habits–and obesity counseling–related communication skills. Results also suggest a significant relationship between physicians' attitudes toward obesity counseling-related communication skills and overall communication skills. Although an extensive body of evidence corroborates these relationships, future investigations should administer the surveys and methods used in this study in rural as well as other urban locations in order to improve variability among medical residents surveyed and assessed. These results also highlight the need to investigate more information about the learning environment of medical residents and also the working environment of physicians, in a variety of settings, in order to provide more depth to the body of literature suggesting providers' health habits improves patient health outcomes. / Ph. D.

The built environment can be structured to encourage or discourage social interaction and can have effects on children's cognitive, social, and emotional development as well as effects on elder's health and well-being. Knowing the profound influence of the built environment on elders (Garin, et al., 2014) and children (Bradford, 2012), the design of intergenerational spaces therefore has the potential to influence the interaction between elders and children engaged in intergenerational programming. Intergenerational care programs present opportunities for cooperation and exchange of skills, knowledge, and experience between people of different age groups (Bradford, 2012; Jarrott, 2011; Kaplan et al., 2002; Newman, 1997). Highlighting the common points and connections between architectural phenomenology and human development theories, this study presents the benefit of developmental theories being applied empirically in architectural design when creating intergenerational facilities in order to enhance the quality of intergenerational interactions. To address this goal, this study examines physical environments that can effectively and efficiently provide intergenerational services. The objectives of this study are to find out (1) whether or not the identification and adaptation of human development theories and architectural phenomenology inform the extension of normative design for intergenerational facilities and (2) in what ways do architectural conditions of an intergenerational space meet the needs of multiple age groups and facilitates interaction. The study uses grounded theory framework to develop a theory related to the influence of spatial design on the quality of intergenerational interactions. To accomplish this, a phenomenological description of different intergenerational spaces was conducted, followed by four to six hours of behavioral/observation mapping of the intergenerational space. The investigator interviewed the architect(s) to ascertain their main ideas and the purpose of designing the building, and the people (participants, educators, coordinators, and facilitators) involved with the intergenerational programs to indicate how the space influences intergenerational interaction. The result of reviewing and analyzing the collected data is a new model of design process grounded in theoretical tenets of personhood and contact theory and applicable for designing intergenerational facilities. / Ph. D.

Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone Project / Porous concrete pavements have been used in the eastern United States to effectively manage storm water when used as an alternative to impervious surfaces. This paper reviewed a wide body of available literature and research to examine their potential to reduce runoff at the University of Arizona. This study found that their unique structural properties enable them to infiltrate and detain large volumes of water in a stone sub-base below the slab, filtering out many street related contaminants without the need to install additional infrastructure. Porous concrete surfaces may support green development in the southwest where water is both a sensitive and valuable resource. However, long-term structural durability, clogging potential due to dust, and maintenance requirements have yet to be fully understood in this region. This paper then summarizes critical factors that affect the performance of porous concrete and proposes a framework for future study to be conducted by the University of Arizona in a way that would reduce runoff to major campus roads, contribute to a better understanding of sustainable storm water management in the southwest, and demonstrate leadership in environmental stewardship.

Thesis (PhD (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this metamethodological study was to construct a typology of designs for social research in the built environment, i.e., architecture, urban design and planning. Currently there is no such typology, while the notion of “research design” is relatively unknown in methodological literature in the built environment field. An outline of the dimensions of social research provided a theoretical lens for methodological analysis, and identified six methodological considerations as classification criteria, including (1) research context, (2) research aim, (3) research purpose, (4) methodological paradigm, (5) methodological approach, and (6) source of data. Exploratory interviews and a survey and methodological content analysis of built environment theses provided a better understanding of methodological issues in conducting social research in the built environment and the potential relevance of a typology of designs. A review of methodological literature identified 25 research design subtypes that can be clustered into 10 prototypical designs for inclusion in the typology, namely: (1) surveys, (2) experiments, (3) modelling, simulation, mapping and visualization, (4) textual and narrative studies, (5) field studies, (6) case studies, (7) intervention research, (8) evaluation research, (9) participatory action research, and (10) metaresearch. A survey and methodological content analysis of journal articles determined the extent to which these designs feature in social research in the built environment. Although all the designs and subtypes feature, metaresearch, case studies, evaluation research and surveys predominate. An initial typology classified the 10 prototypical designs in terms of the six methodological considerations. The typology was tested to see how well it classified the designs of actual studies and revised accordingly. Possible benefits of the typology include greater clarification, improved teaching and decision-making, and methodological reflection. Thus, the typology may support lecturers, students, supervisors, researchers, peer-reviewers and practitioners to have a more articulate, reflexive, and critical orientation with regard to research design to maximize the validity of findings and advance theory, methodology and practice in built environment disciplines. The study concludes that the typology may also mitigate post-modern criticisms against social research in the built environment. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie metametodologiese studie was om `n tipologie van ontwerpe vir sosiale navorsing in die bou-omgewing (d.w.s. argitektuur, stadsontwerp en beplanning) te konstrueer. Tans is daar geen so tipologie nie, terwyl die nosie van “navorsingsontwerp” relatief onbekend is in metodologiese literatuur in die bou-omgewing veld. `n Uiteensetting van die dimensies van sosiale navorsing het `n teoretiese lens vir metodologiese analises verskaf en ses metodologiese konsiderasies as klassifikasie kriteria geïdentifiseer, insluitend (1) navorsingskonteks, (2) navorsingsoogmerk, (3) navorsingsdoelwit, (4) metodologiese paradigma, (5) metodologiese benadering, en (6) data bron. Verkennende onderhoude en `n opname en metodologiese inhoudsanalise van bou-omgewing tesisse het `n beter begrip van metodologiese kwessies in sosiale navorsing in die bou-omgewing en die moontlike relevansie van `n tipologie van ontwerpe verskaf. `n Oorsig van metodologiese literatuur het 25 navorsingsontwerp subtipes geïdentifiseer wat in 10 prototipe ontwerpe gegroepeer kan word vir insluiting in die tipologie, naamlik (1) opnames, (2) eksperimente, (3) modellering, simulasie, kartering en visualisering, (4) tekstuele en narratiewe studies, (5) veldstudies, (6) gevallestudies, (7) intervensie navorsing, (8) evaluasie navorsing, (9) deelnemende aksie navorsing, en (10) metanavorsing. `n Opname en metodologiese inhoudsanalise van joernaal artikels het die mate waartoe hierdie ontwerpe in sosiale navorsing in die bou-omgewing voorkom bepaal. Alhoewel al die ontwerpe en subtipes voorkom, is metanavorsing, gevallestudies, evaluasie navorsing en opnames predominant. `n Aanvanklike tipologie het die 10 prototipe ontwerpe in terme van die ses metodologiese konsiderasies geklassifiseer. Die tipologie is getoets om te sien hoe goed dit die ontwerpe van werklike studies klassifiseer en dienooreenkomstig gewysig. Moontlike voordele van die tipologie sluit in verbeterde klarifikasie, onderrig, besluitneming en metodologiese refleksie. Die tipologie kan dus dosente, studente, studieleiers, navorsers, beoordelaars en praktisyns ondersteun om `n meer geartikuleerde, refleksiewe en kritiese oriëntasie ten opsigte van navorsingsontwerp te hê om die geldigheid van bevindinge te maksimeer en teorie, metodologie en praktyk in bou-omgewing dissiplines te bevorder. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die tipologie ook postmoderne kritiek teen sosiale navorsing in die bou-omgewing kan mitigeer.

As bibliotecas são espaços dinâmicos, centros de aprendizagem e de lazer que necessitam estar em consonância com o público ao qual atendem. Por sua importância relacionada ao desenvolvimento cognitivo, à emancipação em termos de aprendizagem e à cultura e socialização imbricadas a sua essência, as bibliotecas voltadas para o público infantil são o tema da presente pesquisa. Reconhecendo-se que o bom uso da biblioteca está intrinsecamente conectado a aspectos relativos à organização espacial do local e a seus equipamentos, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender como se dá a relação da criança em bibliotecas voltadas para este público, com seu ambiente e com os equipamentos ali presentes, visando extrair da análise destas experiências aspectos que possam servir para projetos futuros relacionados ao tema. Para tanto, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica que buscou compreender como se deu a criação da infância enquanto aspecto cultural e a relevância da criação da Biblioteca Infantil Municipal, atualmente denominada Biblioteca Infantojuvenil Monteiro Lobato, para a cidade de São Paulo na década de 1930. Além disso, discutiu-se a Infoeducação e os aspectos a ela imbricados, que norteiam as análises dos ambientes aqui estudados. Uma compilação dos mobiliários atualmente ofertados pela indústria brasileira pra escolas e bibliotecas e a análise de bibliotecas com espaços infantis que apresentam projetos inovadores para a área também constituem esta pesquisa. Por fim, foram realizados dois estudos de caso de bibliotecas voltadas para o público infantil (uma pública e a outra escolar), coletando dados referentes à atuação de crianças entre seis e nove anos nas mesmas, com a adição da coleta de dados com outros personagens que fazem parte, direta ou indiretamente, da experiência das crianças nestes locais como, por exemplo, os pais e/ou responsáveis, as bibliotecárias e as contadoras de histórias. A análise dos dados coletados e os resultados obtidos com os estudos de caso foram confrontados por meio de uma triangulação dos dados gerados com os aspectos relacionados à Infoeducação e à ofertada da indústria brasileira para os ambientes em questão, permitindo, assim, tecer considerações acerca dos resultados obtidos com esta experiência. / Libraries are dynamic spaces, centers of learning and recreation that need to be in consonance with the public they serve. Because of its importance in relation to cognitive development, emancipation, in terms of learning, culture and socialization imbricated to its essence, children\'s libraries are the subject of this research. Recognizing that the good use of the library is intrinsically connected with aspects related to the spatial organization and to the equipments that belong to these libraries, this research has as its main objective, to understand how kids interact with these libraries and its equipments, aiming to extract from the analysis of these experiences, aspects that may be useful for future projects related to this area of study. To make it possible, a bibliographical research was realized in aiming to understand the creation of the childhood\'s concept, as a cultural aspect and also about the relevance of the creation of the Municipal Children\'s Library (nowadays called Biblioteca Infantojuvenil Monteiro Lobato) to the city of São Paulo in the 1930s. In addition, aspects concerning the essence of the Infoeducation were discussed, which guided the analysis of the spaces studied here. A compilation of the furniture provided by the Brazilian industry for schools and libraries and an analysis of libraries with children\'s spaces that have innovative projects for the areas of design and architecture are also part of this research. Finally, there are two cases of children\'s libraries (a public children library and a school library), collecting data related to the performance of children between six and nine years old, with an addition of data collected with other characters that are directly or indirectly part of the experience of the kids at these places, such as parents and / or guardians, librarians and storytellers. The analysis of the data collected and the results obtained with the cases were confronted using a triangulation of the data generated with the aspects related to the Infoeducation and the furniture offered by the Brazilian industry in general, making it possible to generate considerations about the results obtained with this experience.

A discussão sobre a questão habitacional é complexa e apresenta inúmeros paradigmas sobre suas formas de provisão. No contexto das sociedades contemporâneas de mercado, a habitação tende a se tornar um objeto de especulação financeira. Dessa forma, práticas participativas na produção habitacional exercem importante papel propositivo de transformação das bases de atuação da sociedade civil, contribuindo na promoção de justiça social e democracia. Tais práticas, de forte embasamento ideológico e político desencadeiam autonomia ao usuário pelo domínio de seus processos de gestão. Assim, estimulam um uso mais efetivo dos recursos, reduzindo custos e criando melhores soluções arquitetônicas. A qualidade da habitação resultante de tais processos é entendida como superior àquelas produzidas em processos convencionais. Contudo, ainda que consista em uma discussão antiga, poucas pesquisas empíricas analisam casos concretos que justifiquem a validade de tal hipótese. Amparada por uma vasta revi-são bibliográfica sobre teorias e práticas de participação da sociedade civil e do usuário, a presente pesquisa debruçou-se sobre o contexto atual da produção habitacional brasileira, analisando o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) e sua modalidade participativa: o Entidades (MCMV-E).A análise sobre as dinâmicas do processo e os aspectos físico-espaciais do produto visou compreender a relação entre a participação de tais atores e os benefícios acarretados na qualidade do ambiente construído. O método empregado utilizou abordagens qualitativas e reflexivas, através da metodologia de Estudo de Caso. Para a realização de uma análise comparativa, seis unidades de análise foram escolhidas, três pertencentes à modalidade Faixa 1 - Entidades (FDS) e três à Faixa 1 - Regular (FAR). O levantamento de dados qualitativos da pesquisa baseou-se em formas de evidências como documentos, registros em arquivos, entrevistas e observação direta. Resultados apontam inúmeras contradições em tal modalidade do programa, coerentes com as políticas de concessões praticadas nos governos responsáveis por sua criação. Conflitos da estrutura do programa com a autogestão, burocracia, falta de integração das políticas sociais e concorrência fundiária acabam por prejudicar os objetivos emancipatórios fundamentais da modalidade, colocando em questão a legitimidade e a eficácia da abordagem participativa no programa. Não obstante, é constatada uma notável distinção entre modalidades, trazendo rebatimentos positivos tanto do ponto de vista da qualidade do ambiente construído quanto das práticas de resistência ao desenvolvimento privado nas grandes cidades brasileiras.Ainda que o contexto analisado esteja em constante transformação, a pesquisa buscou realizar uma leitura crítica da atual produção da habitação participativa no Brasil, colaborando com a discussão sobre direito à habitação, participação e qualidade do ambiente construído. / Housing is a complex subject and its provision presents several paradigms. On contemporary free-market societies, housing tends to become an objects of financial speculation. Thus, participatory practices in housing production play an important role in civil society transformation, contributing to social justice and democracy. With a strong ideological and political foundation, such practices trigger user autonomy and control of management processes. Therefore, they stimulate a more effective use of resources, reducing costs and creating better architectural solutions. Quality of housing resulted from such processes is understood to be superior to those produced in conventional processes. However, although an old discussion, few empirical studies analyze cases that justify such hypothesis. Based on a literature review of theories of civil society and user participation practices, the research focused on current brazilian housing production, analyzing the Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) program and its participatory modality: Entidades (MCMV-E). Process analysis and product physical--spatial aspects analysis aimed to understand the relationship between the participation of such actors and the quality of the built environment. Using qualitative and reflexive approaches through Case Study methodology, a comparative analysis of six units of analysis was carried out, with three cases belonging to Faixa 1 - Entidades (FDS) and three to Faixa 1 - Regular (FAR).The qualitative data survey was based on evidence such as documents, archives, interviews and direct observation. Results shows contradictions in this program modality, in accordance with policies of concessions practiced in the governments. Conflicts of program structure with self-management, bureaucracy, lack of integration of social policies and land competition end up undermining fundamental emancipatory objectives of the modality, questioning the legitimacy and effectiveness of the participatory approach in the program. Nonetheless, there is a notable distinction between modalities, bringing positive repercussions both from quality of the built environment to practices of private development resistance in Brazilian cities. Although analyzed context is in constant transformation, the researchs ought to carry out a critical reading of the current participatory housing production in Brazil, contributing with the discussion about right to housing, participation and quality of the built environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Taira Procopio.pdf: 7667432 bytes, checksum: 340fc984da59ee0bd318ee7ba77b68c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-14 / The signal propagation between nodes of a network of wireless sensors in a built environment, indoor or may suffer interference from the environment in which they are installed. This phenomenon may occur because of the characteristics of objects in the signal propagrado contacts. Environments with different configurations contains objects with features that can compromise the signal in different ways. In this context, this work presents a study to define mathematical models that are capable of representing the behavior of a wireless sensor network operating within a built environment. This study was conducted in environments with specific characteristics, the results of which are limited to environments characterized compatible with this environments, but the method applied for this purpose to study can be used to study environments with different characteristics. The ability to obtain models that characterize the behavior of the network can provide benefits in the design phase, anticipating the conditions of signal propagation between the points and thereby giving conditions to optimize the resources applied. / A propaga??o do sinal entre os n?s de uma rede de sensores sem fio em um ambiente constru?do, ou indoor, pode sofrer interfer?ncias do meio em que est?o instalados. Esse fen?meno pode ocorrer por conta das caracter?sticas dos objetos em que o sinal propagrado entra em contato. Ambientes com diferentes configura??es cont?m objetos com caracter?sticas que podem comprometer o sinal de maneiras diferentes. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta um estudo realizado para definir modelos matem?ticos que sejam capazes de representar o comportamento de uma rede de sensores sem fio operando dentro de um ambiente constru?do. Este estudo foi realizado em ambientes com caracter?sticas espec?ficas, sendo que os resultados obtidos limitam-se a caracterizar ambientes compat?veis com estes ambientes, mas o m?todo aplicado ao estudo para esta finalidade pode ser utilizado para o estudo de ambientes com caracter?sticas diferentes. A possibilidade de obter modelos que caracterizem o comportamento da rede pode apresentar benef?cios na fase de projeto, antevendo as condi??es de propaga??o do sinal entre os pontos e com isso, dando condi??es de otimizar os recursos aplicados.

Em algumas capitais da costa do nordeste do Brasil, a verticalização de áreas de orla marítima representa uma barreira em potencial contra a passagem da ventilação natural ao interior destas cidades. Na cidade de São Luís/MA, inicia-se um processo de verticalização nas proximidades da Avenida Litorânea, localizada na praia do Calhau, com 5,3km de extensão. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de investigar a relação entre esta iminente verticalização e a ventilação natural. Para isto, foram construídos cinco diferentes cenários de verticalização neste bairro, variando-se o gabarito, os afastamentos laterais e a tipologia dos edifícios propostos, em lotes voltados para a avenida mencionada. Em seguida, estes cenários foram simulados no Ansys CFX Software e comparados com a situação atual. Foram monitorados 24 pontos distribuídos em seis quadras, observando-se a influência de cada cenário sugerido nos padrões de velocidade e direção do vento e pressão no nível do pedestre. Concluiu-se que os cenários de verticalização propostos influenciam significativamente nos padrões do vento. Portanto, este trabalho traz uma grande contribuição para o planejamento urbano de São Luís, auxiliando o planejador na pré-determinação dos impactos de novos edifícios nos padrões de ventilação natural em áreas de orla já ocupadas. / In some of the coastal capitals of the Brazilian northeast states, the building verticalization of seaside areas represents a potential barrier to the air flow through the built environment, towards the inner city areas. In São Luís, capital of the state of Maranhão (MA), the verticalization process has begun along Litorânea Avenue, which is a 5,3km long street located in Calhaus Beach district. In this context, the objective of this research work is to investigate the relationship between this imminent verticalization and the natural ventilation. In order to fulfill such objective, there were created five different fictional scenarios of verticalization among the sites placed in Litorânea Avenue, which were gathered according to the height, distances between buildings and buildings typology. These scenarios were simulated in Ansys CFX Software and compared with the areas current situation. Along six blocks of the avenue, 24 points were distributed and monitored, observing the influence of each proposed scenario in the wind velocity and direction patterns, also considering the pressure in the pedestrian level. As a conclusion to this study, the pointed scenarios of verticalization have proved to result in significant influence in the wind pattern, distinguished from each other. Contributing to the urban planning of the city of São Luís, this research anticipates the impact of new buildings in the air flow of already occupied seaside areas.

Em algumas capitais da costa do nordeste do Brasil, a verticalização de áreas de orla marítima representa uma barreira em potencial contra a passagem da ventilação natural ao interior destas cidades. Na cidade de São Luís/MA, inicia-se um processo de verticalização nas proximidades da Avenida Litorânea, localizada na praia do Calhau, com 5,3km de extensão. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de investigar a relação entre esta iminente verticalização e a ventilação natural. Para isto, foram construídos cinco diferentes cenários de verticalização neste bairro, variando-se o gabarito, os afastamentos laterais e a tipologia dos edifícios propostos, em lotes voltados para a avenida mencionada. Em seguida, estes cenários foram simulados no Ansys CFX Software e comparados com a situação atual. Foram monitorados 24 pontos distribuídos em seis quadras, observando-se a influência de cada cenário sugerido nos padrões de velocidade e direção do vento e pressão no nível do pedestre. Concluiu-se que os cenários de verticalização propostos influenciam significativamente nos padrões do vento. Portanto, este trabalho traz uma grande contribuição para o planejamento urbano de São Luís, auxiliando o planejador na pré-determinação dos impactos de novos edifícios nos padrões de ventilação natural em áreas de orla já ocupadas. / In some of the coastal capitals of the Brazilian northeast states, the building verticalization of seaside areas represents a potential barrier to the air flow through the built environment, towards the inner city areas. In São Luís, capital of the state of Maranhão (MA), the verticalization process has begun along Litorânea Avenue, which is a 5,3km long street located in Calhaus Beach district. In this context, the objective of this research work is to investigate the relationship between this imminent verticalization and the natural ventilation. In order to fulfill such objective, there were created five different fictional scenarios of verticalization among the sites placed in Litorânea Avenue, which were gathered according to the height, distances between buildings and buildings typology. These scenarios were simulated in Ansys CFX Software and compared with the areas current situation. Along six blocks of the avenue, 24 points were distributed and monitored, observing the influence of each proposed scenario in the wind velocity and direction patterns, also considering the pressure in the pedestrian level. As a conclusion to this study, the pointed scenarios of verticalization have proved to result in significant influence in the wind pattern, distinguished from each other. Contributing to the urban planning of the city of São Luís, this research anticipates the impact of new buildings in the air flow of already occupied seaside areas.